_ПРАВКА_лексика разг.речи_. _ПРАВКА_лексика разг. Министерство образования и науки
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TEXT 3. Read and translate the text. Name 10 reasons to learn foreign languages. To Learn or Not to Learn Foreign Languages? Have you noticed that universal craziness about foreign languages? Everyone seems to study them now, even if there is no practical use in it. What’s the point in learning a language? The way people live in the modern society requires new standards of communication and that is why it is an essential demand of the contemporary society to be able to speak foreign languages. A foreign language is an important advantage for an experienced specialist in any field. Higher education cannot be called complete without at least one foreign language. Languages make possible the immediate access to the hottest technological information all over the world. It is very useful in business as well. Any businessman will confirm the statement that ability to use your partner’s language helps to establish the so-called personal contact that makes your negotiations more efficient. You will always be respected for attempts to be closer to the culture of your partners. However, not only scientists and businessmen need languages. When travelling abroad, a person has an opportunity to get acquainted with other cultures, traditions, and different mentality. It is easier to do by means of their language. It makes for understanding and tolerance towards other people’s views, and it is very important in our vulnerable world. To sum it all up, learning other languages is not a matter of fashion that can change in a year or two. The importance of it is apparent, and you would hardly be valuable member of the contemporary integrated society if you feel absolutely helpless in communicating with non-Russian people. The earlier we realize it the better. As you see, there are very important reasons to learn languages; it can never be called wasting of time. Firstly, it is essential if you want to meet the demands of an educated person. Foreign languages can educate – they help to accept the variety of mentalities existing in the world. Secondly, languages help other people to understand you while travelling abroad. Of course one can say that it is not difficult to feel comfortable on holidays, speaking only Russian, if you have chosen the right travel agency. But it is not so. It is not nice to be dependent on interpreters and travel agents. There is no pleasure in looking at advertisements and menus without understanding what it is all about. And thirdly, it’s business. Each profession requires a certain language: Latin - for doctors, Ancient Greek – for archeologists, French or Italian – for researchers, and English – for businessmen. TEXT 4. Read the text. Answer the questions below. A Language Teacher’s Personal Opinion Every day I see advertisements in the newspapers and on the buses saying that it is easy to learn English. According to these advertisements, with very little effort on the students’ part, they will be able to speak the language fluently in three month or even ten days. When I see ads like this, I don’t know whether to laugh or cry. If it were as easy to learn English as they say I would have to look for another job because very few qualified teachers would be needed. But a large number of people must believe these claims. If people didn’t believe it, such advertisements would not appear. It is natural for students to be attracted to methods that will teach them as quickly, efficiently and cheaply as possible. But it is no use pretending that anyone has discovered a perfect way of teaching English in every possible situation. For a long time people believed that the only way to learn a language was by spending a great deal of time in a country where it was spoken. Of course it is clear that the students who go to England to learn English have a great advantage over others, but a large number of students cannot afford to do so. Some students go to the opposite extreme and think they can teach themselves at home by learning words in dictionaries. But it is wrong to assume that each word in English has an equivalent in another language and that any translation method can produce good pronunciation and intonation. In my personal opinion no one can ever learn to speak English or other language unless he is interested in learning it. There is another relevant point worth mentioning here. One should remember that language learning is an active thing that needs effort and time. It is worth remembering that language is a means of communication. So students of English should forget about being shy, nervous, afraid of saying something incorrect or silly and should start learning by talking. It’s far better to make a few mistakes than to say nothing. If you make the effort to speak you’ll find that little by little you’ll get more confidence and enjoy speaking. But a large number of people must believe these claims. Но многие люди, должно быть, верят этим утверждениям. It is natural for students to be attracted … Естественно, что студентов привлекают … But it is no use pretending … Бесполезно притворяться … Questions
TEXT 5. Read and translate. Be ready to compare two variants of English. Divided by a Common Language It’s not a secret that British English is quite different from American English. Let’s have a look at some of these differences!
UNIT 2. PERSONALITY AND FAMILY ITEMS Learn the following words and word combinations Vocabulary List
TEXT 1. Read and translate the texts. Remember words describing appearance. Appearance: Beauty How important is your appearance? Although everyone wants to be good-looking, are beautiful people always happier people? For example, it must be a problem to be a really beautiful woman, because some men may be more interested in looking at you than talking to you. They think of you as a picture rather than a person. There are also some people who think that women who are exceptionally pretty and men who are particularly handsome must be stupid. They believe that only unattractive people can be intelligent. On the other hand, no one wants to be really ugly, and have a face that nobody wants to look at; and no one wants to be plain either — that is to be neither attractive nor unattractive, and have a face that is easily forgotten. Being attractive is like being rich — it can help you find happiness, but it doesn't always make you happy. So maybe the best thing is to try to be interesting person. For interesting people have interesting faces, and interesting faces are almost always attractive. Appearance: Parts of the Face People who can't hear often learn to understand a spoken language with their eyes. They watch the mouth of the person talking and follow the movement of his lips. This is called lip-reading. Some people think the distance between your hair and your eyebrow is a sign of how intelligent you are. The bigger your forehead is, the more intelligent you are supposed to be. Nowadays, a person who doesn't like his or her nose can have it changed with plastic surgery. Plastic surgeons can change your face in many other ways too. They can make your cheeks a little rounder. If you don't like your chin, a plastic surgeon can break your jaw and re-make the whole lower half of your face. If you think your skin looks too old and wrinkled, he can take the wrinkles away and make you look twenty years younger. Women often disagree about men having beards and moustache. But some women think that hair on a man's chin makes him look more attractive. Usually, only women wear make-up. They are lucky. They can put a little black mascara on their eyelashes and some eyeshadow on their eyelids, and look fresh and attractive, even when they are really tired. TEXT 2. Read and translate the article. Answer the questions below. How Good Looks Can Guarantee Lifetime of Opportunity Beauty is far more than skin deep, according to a leading scientist. Good looks can smooth the way to a better education and well-paid job as well as getting the best out of others. Attractive men and women reap benefits from their appearances all through their lives, says psychologist Dr Nancy Etcoff. Bonny babies get preferential treatment over plain ones while teachers assume their most attractive pupils are the smartest. In later life, police officers, judges and juries are more lenient towards pretty women and handsome men. Dr Etcoff, who works at Harvard Medical School in the U.S., in her book «Survival of the Fittest: The Science of Beauty» argues that beautiful people are «sprinkled with Stardust right from the beginning». Her studies showed both women and men tended to be more helpful towards a pretty woman asking for help than a plainer one. In one experiment, researchers left a coin in full view in a telephone kiosk and waited for passers by to make a call. The callers were then approached by one of two actresses and asked if they had found a coin left behind. The better looking woman got her coin back 87 per cent of the time. But the plainer actress was less successful, scoring a 64 per cent return rate. The two women later stood at the roadside by a car with a flat tyre. The prettier one was far more likely to be helped first, the study found. Dr Etcoff shows mothers are more likely to talk and play with beautiful babies, while teachers expect good looking pupils to be «smarter and more sociable». Dr Etcoff said that while good looks can make life easier, they do not guarantee happiness. «Beautiful people are perhaps a little bit happier», she said. «But not as much as we might imagine». Although ideals vary between generations and nationalities, Dr Etcoff believes the appreciation of human beauty is "gene deep", rather than the result of cultural and social pressures. Even three-month-old babies stare the longest at attractive people when shown pictures, she said. It suggests that we all come into the world with these beauty detectors. "The fascination with beauty seems to run very deep. Forty thousand years ago, people had red ochre crayons and they were painting their faces. Today we have breast implants, hair plugs and 24-hour mascara, but it's the same thing." Her book also claims that beauty ideals are not imposed on women by men. They are part of an evolutionary process in which humans do whatever they can to advertise their fertility and health to potential mates. We use appearance to judge how suitable a potential partner is, she said. Big eyes in women are linked to high levels of the female hormone oestrogen, while a red flush on the face indicates fertility. Research has shown that people with symmetrical appearances are regarded as more attractive than those with irregular features. Symmetry has also been linked to health and may be a sign of a long-living partner. There are even parallels in the animal kingdom, according to Dr Etcoff. "In the animal world, they do experiments where they lengthen the tail or make spots brighter and then other animals are more attracted. For the rest, perhaps a nip and tuck." One in three women under 40 have considered cosmetic surgery. Women from the South of England are more likely to submit to the surgeons knife than those from elsewhere in the country. Women in their twenties and early thirties are most likely to opt for breast enlargement. The survey of more than 1,200 women between 15 and 40 was carried out for the Lanark Centre, a London cosmetic surgery clinic. As its chief surgeon says "Now everyone wants to realize their full potential in terms of their features and physique, so demand is rising." |