![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAZCAYAAADqrKTxAAAACXBIWXMAAA7OAAAOxgEGhk//AAABFUlEQVR4nO3SMW6DMBQG4B+Jo9gZUE5gTgBdOvUI7oiXbozZWJIRtq6ZugAnSE4QZQi+i2Mbgk3rKmKs1LdYsvWZ/z0TK11YWfFa8FeRPKSg4uztcHSqRhZGEoeUQpwZ9oNCQdxeHmGGcRicJmCKoCg5RN7gq9co81FfwSRi+08PTEUTML1cbhLIyAPpr+wam738IX4bhGxxNH3z17nZRQ1XmGPmI9keMZoggbxd7LrdEIeG63hPQoME7RgDjzu96W2xCbUTiP70j+groaPrZ/hw0S2iiR0opol64h25HWq5eAaLyMsbmBAQVY+izmYQGcE7qHo5oDEeKXAagJTmiBp3yDuFOjBQ15OBqnjW4je0ov7RVHf3VWPWai2WIQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==) нүктесімен беттесіндей, ал абсциссаның, ординатаның және аппликатаның оң жарты остеріне сәйкес ![](data:image/png;base64,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) және ![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAZCAYAAAAIcL+IAAAACXBIWXMAAA7MAAAOxgFLTu70AAABA0lEQVR4nM2SsW3DMBBFPwGNIrrwCMwEVBpVHoEqySZdygwglWKXNpUqcQJpAsJF5F2YowBatKEErgL/ggQOD7z/71gEEh5Q8Qj0bKBrGCp7V1RjDjo0rIIVLZagUWY1f+QbeOk+YCHQfiYoSqJWdB3KDVzOc+wRazeSfSA888iPgk6LwfWQ8o8wpX6HMuSxYvDtgkmX+2D004cRiIEMB/uiUNPm9248EQ6o1xEZ8OaA0Ms9MAVY0HoOYwc4AuVvIDnG60nAzLlH14AN9bVF0joucQJPoBtoX9aje5NIQS/dy7pGNWZhvn28ZhjOYK7vKYxhQt6j0FOA3jd6o2f6uP8H/gAG21bbKDthUAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==) төбелері тиісті болатындай енгіземіз (1 сурет). ![](data:image/png;base64,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) және ![](data:image/png;base64,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) кесінділерінің ұзындығын сәйкес ![](data:image/png;base64,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) және ![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAsAAAAZCAYAAADnstS2AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxgGnHWyZAAABCklEQVR4nM2TMXKDMBBFn2c4ikSR4QTiBIybVLTpklIcIIfApeloqdwQnwBO4HER6S5EEoyBsRO7i1UAszzt/v0rRYNbPLiiR8FnhO0uRRa9+1KUpkOLP2ChOwx+Q0J8A7ySYc4u8/sn2X3Nlu+TE5HL+5qxLU2vyGux0O82l4ZuamCGzZmehLxNeaPGz3WXSoqmxWqNWMLHQxXeDXOmOHGP05WMUa+rSX3xbIolMWING4IRX/ryY+zBmzN7E00aqPwwlkaEHlzDi1iA7VhvNYzQg5O1FSvY0vp6Kuc3h48fGw6vg4dHvarcspyyfFFQFchN4XoZ2Gchc8b+xmXxZ2XQ69izHf7/hX8A6OxiGijdJ7gAAAAASUVORK5CYII=) деп белгілейміз. Онда төбелердің координаталары келесі түрде болады: ![](data:image/png;base64,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) . ![](data:image/png;base64,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) және |