Методические указания по английскому языку для студентов i и ii курсов заочного факультета по специальностям землеустройства и кадастров
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Министерство сельского хозяйства Российской Федерации Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования “Государственный университет по землеустройству” Кафедра русского и иностранных языков автор Замашкина Ольга Андреевна Методические указания по английскому языку для студентов I и II курсов заочного факультета по специальностям землеустройства и кадастров (Контрольные задания) Москва 2011 802 81.2. Англ. Подготовлено и рекомендовано к печати кафедрой русского и иностранных языков Государственного университета по землеустройству (протокол N от ) Утверждено к изданию методической комиссией .юридического факультета (протокол N 9 от 18.07.2007г. ) Составитель: ст. преп. англ. языка Замашкина Ольга Андреевна Рецензент: ст.препод. кафедры русского и иностранных языков Ефтина Ю.В. Контрольные задания предназначены для студентов I и II курсов заочного факультета по специальностям землеустройства и кадастров. Включают специальные тексты для перевода на русский язык и упражнения по грамматике. © Государственный университет по землеустройству, 2011 Предисловие Данные методические указания предназначены для выполнения контрольных работ по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» на заочном факультете. Настоящие методические указания рассчитаны на 2 курса обучения английского языка. Вариант работы выбирается по следующему принципу: если последняя цифра шифра оканчивается на 1 или 2, то выполняется 1 вариант, если на 3 или 4 - 2 вариант, если на 5 или 6 – 3 вариант, если на 7 или 8 – 4 вариант, если на 9 или 0 – 5 вариант. Контрольная работа по иностранному языку сдается в деканат заочного факультета в начале учебной сессии. Работа выполняется на листах формата А4 в печатном или письменном виде. За дополнительной информацией просьба обращаться к сотрудникам кафедры русского и иностранных языков. I курс ВАРИАНТ I Задание 1. Переведите данный текст письменно на русский язык. The Land Use Planner and His Work Land has much to do with our needs and the way we fulfil them. Many of our activities we devote to getting the basic items of food, shelter, and clothing. We need highways and automobiles, forests and railways and many other things. It is likely that if we had all that we could list, new wants would arise. And again we would be faced with the problem of how to satisfy them. Land is necessary to satisfy man’s needs. The people’s needs can be satisfied only if we secure the best uses of land resources. It is true that no progress in satisfaction the needs of man can be made if no labor is applied. If we want to live better we must work better. No progress can be made if labor is applied without intelligence. The land use planner is to secure wise land uses. The land use planner must decide whether to use a tract for a home site or for crops, or whether to use a valley to produce com. He is to decide whether to use the river bottom land for growing tomatoes and cabbage. He is to be aware of the ability of land to satisfy wants when it is used for pasture or when it is used for wheat. He must know its productivity in each use. He must know many things about the land ability. The land use planner determines which acreages to employ in each land use. He decides whether the land should be used now or later and how it must be used. He plans the living centers and the field patterns and many other services that land can supply. He must consider the best uses of the land. The land use planner determines not only the productivity of land. He has to distinguish between the physical productivity and the economic productivity of the land. He is to know the productivity of the land itself and that of labor, capital and other resources. The general principle is: each hectare of land should be given to the use in which its economic productivity is the highest. Задание 2. Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой глагола to be. Переведите предложения. 1. Land use planner … a very old profession. 2. The rights on land … the key factor that determined the economic, social and political status of people. 3. In future effective land use planning … … impossible without land information. 4. Land … necessary to satisfy man’s needs. 5. He … preparing for the exams yesterday. 6. There … vast land resources in Russia. Задание 3. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму: 1. Lands are very important resources for man. 2. Those farmers used the river bottom land for growing tomatoes and cabbage. 3. We have unlimited land resources on our planet. Задание 4. Образуйте степени сравнения от следующих прилагательных. Good, important, happy, strong, careful, wet Задание 5. Напишите прописью следующие числительные: 14, 182, 936, 2008, 78429, 3/8, 15.02 Задание 6. Заполните пропуски предлогами и переведите предложения: 1. Land use planning is a process … managing the use and development … land resources … a sustainable way. 2. The cadastre is used … record information … land rights, valuation, land use, etc. 3. We speak … land as something … which people can walk and build a house, plant a garden or grow a crop. 4. The quality … farm land may be also affected …water pollution, particulary … accumulation … heavy metals … the soils … waste disposal. 5. The population should actively participate … the process … land use planning. Задание 7. Подберите синонимы к следующим словам. land use planning, start, purpose, similar, need. ВАРИАНТ II Задание 1. Спишите и переведите текст на русский язык. Soil Assessment and Land Evaluation Soil assessment, land quality and productivity evaluation, economic evaluation of land registration of land uses are the main concepts of land cadastre. The comparative evaluation of soil, for example, as regards their natural productivity is known as soil assessment. The rating of the natural soil properties influencing yields is the aim of soil assessment. The land use planners consider the factors which determine both the potential and actual fertility. Land productivity evaluation embraces various factors affect strongly the final economic results. Soil assessment is the first stage in evaluating land. The next stage is land productivity evaluation which is, in fact, a correction of soil assessment by coefficients for climate, humidity, etc. The economic evaluation of land comes as a final, concluding stage of the complete evaluation of land as a means of production. Soil assessment and land productivity evaluation are both characterized by a comparatively great stability as compared to the economic evaluation of land. Due to the fact that it is based on economic indices the economic land evaluation can vary from year to a considerable extent. The economic land evaluation is subject to considerable fluctuation. The use of calculated yields of crops is rather common for all the methods of land evaluation. A common feature of the approach to land evaluation is the combining of land evaluation and land supply. A general concept, known as “land cadastre” gives expression to that relation which is, in fact, both qualitative and quantitative assessment of land used in agriculture. Soil assessment and land productivity evaluation are actually valid only at a definite level of technology of crops. The change of crop rotation system and of fertilizer application, etc., results in a respective change in the evaluation values of soils and ecologic conditions. Therefore it is necessary to repeat economic evaluation of land or correct the existing one by suitable methods. Задание 2. Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой глагола to be. Переведите предложения. 1. Those specialists … busy with cadastral survey. 2. Land use planning … concerned with different sciences. 3. There … vast land resources in Russia. 4. Last year there … the highest crop in this region. 5. This book … … translated into English soon. 6. I … a student of the Land Use Planning faculty. Задание 3. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму. 1. Land use planning is impossible without land information. 2. These farmers of this zone use all their land to pasture cattle. 3. Maps showing all the factors that affect the land uses are useful. Задание 4. Образуйте степени сравнения от следующих прилагательных. Bad, difficult, heavy, clean, expensive, hot. Задание 5. Напишите прописью следующие числительные. 17, 384, 581, 3007, 87693, 4/6, 2.503 Задание 6. Заполните пропуски предлогами и переведите предложения: 1. The complex … land use planning work … modern conditions provides the actions connected … redistribution … land and formation … new land uses, fixing … nature the borders … the sites, … complex research and estimation … land, creation … land fund … compelled immigrants and granting the sites … them, etc. 2. The work … a land use planner is often connected … agriculture. 3. Land economic evaluation serves as a basis … application … modern science and technology … farming. 4. Most needleleaf forests grow … the north … our country. 5. Soil surveys show the distribution … soil classes … maps. Задание 7. Подберите синонимы к следующим словам. community, activity, land, stakeholder, contamination. ВАРИАНТ III Задание 1. Спишите данный текст и переведите его письменно на русский язык. Productive Land for Agriculture Land for agriculture must have plenty of moisture from precipitation or irrigation to produce plants. But irrigation requires precipitation, somewhere, to provide the water. Plenty of moisture we can have only in or from the humid areas. Irrigation in the Caucasus is possible because of the mountains. Winds passing over the mountains are forced upward, cooled and caused to precipitate their moisture as rain and snow, which in due season provide water for irrigating the land. Without the mountains, we would have little irrigated farming. That is why we must manage the forests on the mountains so as to husband the water supplies that originate on them. Precipitation alone is not enough to make land a valuable agricultural resource. Not all our humid areas are highly productive farmlands. Productive land for plants must also have soils that will take in, hold, and supply the water to the plants in the amounts they need. Soils that have bedrock or other dense layers close to the surface, and deep sand generally cannot hold enough water for abundant plant growth. Slopes also affect the supply of moisture. Often much of the moisture that falls on steep slopes runs off too fast and is therefore not available for plant growth on such slopes. Soils whose physical characteristics prevent plants from getting proper amounts of water usually are more unfavourable for crops than are infertile soils that can take in, store and supply moisture to the crop. Deficiencies in fertility can be overcome by fertilization. But often there is no practical way to overcome such physical shortcomings as lack of moisture-storing ability. Our humid and subhumid areas have a high percentage of land that combines three favourable characteristics-good moisture supply, deep moisture-retentive soils and gentle slopes. Задание 2. Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой глагола to be. Переведите предложения. 1. I … a student of the Land Use Planning faculty. 2. Before the Great October Socialist Revolution land resources … in private ownership. 3. Land … not only the soil under our feet. 4. Next year you … … a land use planner. 5. The increase in the production of vegetables … the result of proper use of fertilizers. 6. The basic elements of the cadastral systems … different in different countries. Задание 3. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму. 1. They used fertile land for construction sites. 2. Land inventory is a sistematic survey of land capability of all regions. 3. The land use planner determines which acreages to employ in each land use. Задание 4. Образуйте степени сравнения от следующих прилагательных. Little, interesting, busy, short, complicated, sad. Задание 5. Напишите прописью следующие числительные. 11, 148, 912, 2006, 38672, 2/3, 35.06 Задание 6. Заполните пропуски предлогами и переведите предложения. 1. A parcel can be an area … land … a particular type … land use. 2. … this text we discuss the basic determination … the cadastral system. 3. Land … agriculture must have plenty … moisture … precipitation or irrigation to produce plants. 4. Land economic evaluation serves as a basis … application … modern science and technology … farming. 5. The impact … the road network … all aspects … agriculture must be fully assessed. Задание 7. Подберите синонимы к следующим словам. Land use planner, benefit, link, dangerous, scarcity. ВАРИАНТ IV Задание 1. Спишите данный текст и переведите его письменно на русский язык. Factors that Influence Land Uses in Agriculture Land occupies the leading place among the resources used in farming. Its central place has not diminished with the progressive advance of technology and the greater use of machines and fertilizers. Land use planners now are no more captives of the natural environment. They are able to control and direct natural forces in many ways. This means that farmland can be used far more different purposes than ever before. The properties inherent in the land are now less restrictive. Many factors determine the proper, sound and full land uses in agriculture. Nevertheless, the characteristics of land resources still set limits that influence the patterns of land uses. The successful land use planner is the one who learns to co-operate with the natural and biological processes that are linked to land. What determines how farmland shall be used in any area or region? Why are certain combinations of crops and livestock grown in one region, but not in another? Questions like these seek answers of land use planners. In general terms, two groups of forces – physical and economic – influence the use of land for agricultural production. Physical factors are the climate, soil, topography, elevation, water supply, and the like. They are the properties that are naturally a part of land resources. Economic factors factors have to do with man and his relation to land resources and his facilities, investments, nearness to living centres, patterns of management, and other significant elements. Technological change, economic and physical factors determine land uses in agriculture. Задание 2. Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой глагола to be. Переведите предложения. 1. Soil assessment, land quality and productivity evaluation, economic evaluation of land and registration of land uses … the main concepts of land cadastre. 2. Land use planning … financed by administrative bodies. 3. English … … our first lesson next Monday. 4. Last year my friend … preparing to enter the university. 5. There … some kings of land where we could grow vegetables. 6. I … a student of the State University of Land Use Planning. Задание 3. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму. 1. Land is a limited resource. 2. The land use planners will discuss the best options tomorrow. 3. The state guarantees equal rights and protection for citizens. Задание 4. Образуйте степени сравнения от следующих прилагательных. far, important, early, hot, strong, careful. Задание 5. Напишите прописью следующие числительные. 12, 275, 139, 2001, 46872, 5/8 , 0.25 Задание 6. Заполните пропуски предлогами и переведите предложения. 1. There are some students … Africa … our University. 2. The methods and types … planting and harvesting are always based … traditions. 3. Soil assessment and land productivity evaluation are both characterized … a comparatively great stability as compared … the economic evaluation … land. 4. Land use planning is based … understanding … land as the main means … production, the object … social and economic communications and as a part … natural complex. 5. The quality … farm land may be also affected … water pollution, particulary … accumulation … heavy metals … the soils … waste disposal. Задание 7. Подберите синонимы к следующим словам. local, define, impact, apply, arrangement ВАРИАНТ V Задание 1. Спишите данный текст и переведите его письменно на русский язык. What is the Basis of Agricultural Land Grading? Land classification differs much in various countries. The agricultural land is usually graded according to the degree to the degree to which its physical characteristics impose long-term limitations on agricultural use. The limitations operate in one or another way: they may affect the range of crops, which can be grown, the level of yield, the consistency of yield, and the cost of obtaining it. The ability to grow a wide range of crops (including grass) whether actual or potential is given considerable weight. It does not outweight the ability to produce consistently high yields of a somewhat narrower range of crops. The main physical factors that are taken into account by land use planners are climate, rainfall, temperature, relief, particularly slope and soil wetness, depth, texture, structure, stoniness and available water capacity. The grading of agricultural land on the basis of physical quality alone is not sufficient for proper and sound land use planning. The planners must consider other less permanent factors such as standard and adequacy of fixed equipment in the state and collective farms, the level of management, farm structure and accessibility. All these factors must be taken into account and defined in order to make a comprehensive assessment of land capability. Задание 2. Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой глагола to be. Переведите предложения. 1. The students … in the reading hall before the lessons. 2. The lesson … … over in 5 minutes. 3. The data of the land productivity … quite necessary to determine the rate of taxation and for proper land use management. 4. Land … a limited resource and the misuse of land can lead to such problem as non-sustainable land use. Задание 3. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму. 1. The land use planning agencies register the right on land parcels which are given to land users. 2. Soviet land use planner took an active part in implementing the radical land reforms. 3. I am a land use planning engineer. Задание 4. Образуйте степени сравнения от следующих прилагательных. little, famous, heavy, deep, clean, attentive Задание 5. Напишите прописью следующие числительные. 19, 721, 653, 2005, 82904, 3/4 , 0.036 Задание 6. Заполните пропуски предлогами и переведите предложения. 1. The need … land cadastre has increased … recent years … two reasons. 2. The academic year … the university begins … September and finishes … May. 3. The population should actively participate … the process … land use planning. 4. Modern technology can offer new possibilities … lower costs … cadastral reforms. 5. Land use planning is the planning … the most proper, sound and full land uses based … the most advanced technology and scince. Задание 7. Подберите синонимы к следующим словам. option, modern, exact, assistance, attain. II курс ВАРИАНТ I Задание 1. Спишите данный текст и переведите его письменно на русский язык. Environmental Problems of Land Conservation Land conservation problems call for much the same measures that are aimed at improving the environment. Environmental problems crowd the farm land from several directions. Some of the important problems arise because of the movement of undesirable odors, smoke and chemical substances. This tendency is known as air pollution. Many large cities together with numerous rural areas are now plagued with air pollution problems. These are old problems. They are complicated and aggravated by adding the fumes from automobiles and the smoke and chemical wastes from manufacturing and smelting plants. Some of the worst damage from chemical substances has been caused by the sulphur dioxide fumes given off by smelting plants. The smelter fumes may injure vegetation as far as 15 kilometres from the plant. High and increasing concentrations of sulphur and other chemicals in the air sooner or later have an effect on land fertility and plant growth. The quality of farm may be also affected by water pollution, particularly by accumulation of heavy metals in the soils through waste disposal. Pollutants may be tied in with irrigation or excessive use of fertilizers. Excessive nutrients, salts, pesticides, organics in soils may limit the utility of the land. Water temperature increase from certain agricultural related activities may also damage the fertility of the soils. Land can be conserved and pollution reduced in sereval ways – by prevention of erosion, and by providing measures to control transpiration and evaporation, stream regulations, storage reservoirs, diversion from surplus to shortage areas and reuse of water. Water conservation practices and control of sediment and pollution secure the wise use of land resources. The State Land Use Control is responsible for land conservation measures by all users. The range of such activities are broadening all the time. Задание 2. Задайте письменно один общий и три специальных вопроса к тексту. Задание 3. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык, заполняя пропуски соответствующими модальными глаголами. 1. Works … be based on sound cadastral survey. 2. The students … use dictionaries at the translation test. 3. The land users … accept practices that do not damage the soils and permit their effective use. 4. You … control the temperature of the mixture. Задание 4. Переведите письменно данные предложения, обращая внимание на неличные формы глагола. 1. This soil is good enough to cultivate it. 2. Knowing English well, he translated the text without a dictionary. 3. In considering the question don’t forget to use the latest information on the subject. 4. It is necessary to finish the construction of the new irrigation canal by the end of July. 5. Here is the article to be translated. Задание 5. Преобразуйте предложения из действительного залога в страдательный. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. She delivered the report in English. 2. The students often see him in the library. 3. A land use planner makes different schemes for proper use of land. Задание 6. Переведите предложения с русского на английский язык. 1. Наши потребности в земельных ресурсах постоянно растут. 2. Специалист должен постоянно помнить, что для целей промышленности и транспорта следует отводить самые неплодородные земли. 3. Информация о земли включает землевладение, землепользование и потенциал земельных ресурсов. Задание 7. Подберите антонимы к следующим словам. invariably, recognizable, partner, limited, rural. ВАРИАНТ II Задание 1. Спишите данный текст и переведите его письменно на русский язык. Soil Erosion Soil erosion effects food production through land degradation. The damage of wind and water erosion is estimated by hundreds of millions of roubles. Dust storms may occur in some southern land areas, recurrent drought also often results in soil erosion. The wind erosion of soils takes place in some drier sections of our country. In wet areas the degradation of soils is linked with accelerated run-off and increased silt load of the rivers, worsened flood hazard along their lower courses and accumulation of coarse material (sand, gravel) on top of valuable soils. The proper use of soil resources calls for measures to keep the soils from being destroyed by wind and water. The development of techniques for extending the productive life of soils and for slowing down their rate of deterioration will bring the maximum use of these soils. Much may be done by land use planners. The land resources of a collective farm may be actually reshaped in one way or another for better farming and levelled for more efficient irrigation, terraced to hold rainfall and strip cropped to save soil and water. Poor or workout cropland can be converted to pasture or pasture to cropland. Many hectares of good rangeland must be wrested from worthless scrub and brush, reseeded, properly grazed, well watered. The drains improve pasture and cropland. Ponds and marshes may be developed for wild life. A farm detention dam may be built and can catch and release safely what would otherwise be run-off of flood proportion. The planners can project tree shelterbelts and strip cropping for wind and water erosion control. These may be created singly and in combinations. Modern techniques of land management must be put into operation for the sake of land conservation and increase the opportunities of the farms. Changes in farming, developments in machinery, rising requirements of capital investment, the wide use of fertilizers and soil conservation practices call for many skills and technically sound practices of specialists of land use planning. Задание 2. Задайте письменно один и три специальных вопроса к тексту. Задание 3. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык, заполняя пропуски соответствующими модальными глаголами. 1. Crops … grow well if there is not enough water in the soil. 2. You … take my book, I don’t need it. 3. The planners … know all the factors that influence land uses. 4. If he doesn’t know how to translate the phrase he … ask the teacher. Задание 4. Переведите письменно данные предложения, обращая внимание на неличные формы глагола. 1. To get high yields we must irrigate this soil. 2. Having been translated into many languages the book became world famous. 3. I understand the importance of learning English. 4. The plant must provide the necessary equipment for the farmers to do the work in time. 5. Protecting the environment from pollution, people improve the living conditions. Задание 5. Преобразуйте предложения из действительного залога в страдательный. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. The will build the house in a month. 2. We ask a lot of questions at the lesson. 3. Centres fix shops, schools, churches etc. Задание 6. Переведите предложения с русского на английский язык. 1. Земельные ресурсы составляют богатство нашего государства. 2. Земли для выращивания сельскохозяйственных культур должны быть достаточно плодородны. 3. Землеустроитель может дать правильные ответы на многие вопросы. Задание 7. Подберите антонимы к следующим словам. lose, irrespective, advantage, helpful, transportable. ВАРИАНТ III Задание 1. Спишите данный текст и переведите его письменно на русский язык. Soil Conservation Plan The development and application of a comprehensive soil conservation plan involve four steps. First, from soil survey data that have been gathered on a hectare-by-hectare basis, a land capability map is prepared for the farm. The map is superimposed on an aerial photograph of the land surface. The soil survey data to identify soil types, slope, extent of made that classifies each parcel of land as to the uses to which it may be put safely and productively and the intensity of treatment required. From this a conservation plan is developed. It provides for the use and treatment within its need and capabilities. In developing the plan the land use planner considers various alternatives of land use and treatment. It includes what he plans to do with the soil and water and what he hopes to accomplish in conservation and use of the cultivated land, grassland, and woodland. The third step is the application of the measures of the plan. The engineers and technicians assist in laying out the drainage and water disposal systems, irrigation systems, farm ponds, terrace systems, diversions and waterways, contouring and strip cropping. Since the conservation program needs to be maintained, a fourth type of aid to uses comes in the form of guidance and help in keeping the conservation plan in operation. Задание 2. Задайте письменно один и три специальных вопроса к тексту. Задание 3. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык, заполняя пропуски соответствующими модальными глаголами. 1. All agricultural soils … have some organic matter and some mineral matter. 2. You … go to the Agency by bus. 3. Why … he land use planners take care of air pollution? 4. You … get this book from the library. Задание 4. Переведите письменно данные предложения, обращая внимание на неличные формы глагола. 1. In a week we shau begin to irrigate this area. 2. When speaking about the new project the lecturer showed a map. 3. Reading this book, I did not use any dictionary. 4. They consider him to become a good engineer. 5. The students developed their speaking skills through practicing their English every year. Задание 5. Преобразуйте предложения из действительного залога в страдательный. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. He can easily translate this article. 2. They teach us Geodesy at the University. 3. People don’t use this road very often. Задание 6. Переведите предложения с русского на английский язык. 1. Мы должны помнить, что земельные ресурсы не беспредельны. 2. Говоря об охране почв, необходимо прежде всего точно определить, какие мероприятия следует проводить и в каком порядке. 3. Эффективное землеустройство невозможно без информации о земле. Задание 7. Подберите антонимы к следующим словам. directly, private, disagreement, convenience, unknown. ВАРИАНТ IV Задание 1. Спишите данный текст и переведите его письменно на русский язык. What is Soil Conservation? Soil conservation is the application on the land of all necessary measures in proper combinations to build up and maintain soil productivity for efficient, abundant agricultural production on a sustained basis. Soil conservation, therefore, means proper land uses, protecting the land against all the forms of soil deterioration. It is rebuilding eroded and depleted soils, conserving moisture for plant use. It includes proper agricultural drainage and irrigation where needed and other measures which contribute to maximum practical yields and conserve the soils for future uses – all at the same time. With proper management, most soil resources can be used and still retain their productive capacity over long periods of time. The problem of conserving these resources is thus one of accepting practices that permit their effective use while at the same time safeguarding their productive capacity over time. Soil conservation is a matter of good land use and management. The State Land Use Planning provides a system of using and managing land based on the capabilities of the land itself, involving the application of the best measures or practices known, and designed to result in the greatest production without damage to the land. The State Land Use Control of Land Uses has to secure the wise uses of soil resources. The land users must show care in selecting their production practices so as to secure the practicable return. They also must show comparable care in choosing and timing the conservation investments and practices which are used to build up and maintain the productivity of soils. The State Land Use Control provides the control of all the land uses. The land users should accept practices that do not damage the soils and permit their effective use. To build up and maintain the productivity of the soils is their prime concern. A special problem arises with soil erosion. Rapid soil destruction means irreparable loss of land at least as far as cropping is concerned. Soil conservation is directed against the destructive effects of wind and water. The land use planners should keep the soils in such shape that they would remain productive as long as possible. Задание 2. Задайте письменно один и три специальных вопроса к тексту. Задание 3. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык, заполняя пропуски соответствующими модальными глаголами. 1. If you want to plant a tree you … dig the ground, loosen it and water it. 2. I … return the book to the library. 3. The planners … projekt tree shelterbelts and strip cropping for wind and water erosion control. 4. I … Find this material only yesterday. Задание 4. Переведите письменно данные предложения, обращая внимание на неличные формы глагола. 1. The scientists worked mush to improve soil fertility. 2. Being used for different purposes, these plants are cultivated in many countries. 3. We translated the text without using a dictionary. 4. The construction of the new irrigation canal is to be finished by the end of August. 5. There are different ways of solving this problem. Задание 5. Преобразуйте предложения из действительного залога в страдательный. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. They discussed this problem at the meeting. 2. People speak English all over the world. 3. The Circumferential route connects the various parks and open spaces streets and avenues. Задание 6. Переведите предложения с русского на английский язык. 1. Землеустроитель должен знать потенциальные возможности каждого вида землепользования. 2. Существуют некоторые общие проблемы восстановления и улучшения земель. 3. Разработка землеустроительных документов связана с оценкой земли. Задание 7. Подберите антонимы к следующим словам. narrow, legal, subordinate, fortunately, reclaimable. ВАРИАНТ V Задание 1. Спишите данный текст и переведите его письменно на русский язык. Location of Production Units Climate, topography, and soils have an all-important effect upon the use of land for agriculture. The location factor is also important particularly in cases of commercial crop production. It usually has an effect on efficiency of production units. The internal land use planning deals with the location of production units of an agricultural enterprise. It includes also the planning of transportation systems, field rotations, pastures, grasslands and other land uses. The location of production units is of crucial importance for agricultural production. By its very nature farming is widely dispersed over the available land area. Differences in soil, climate and topography make differences in location. Topography, for example, is the natural factor that has an important impact upon the location and desirability of residential and industrial sites. Residential developments and production units are usually preferred on high and well-drained sites. Mountainous and rough terrain may also discourage the use of land for industrial location or cropping. Location and accessibility often play an important role in determining the uses for which various tracts of land are suited. The concept of internal land use planning assumes that some areas enjoy locational advantages over others. This advantage often involves savings in transportation costs and time. The land use planners must regard the location of production units in terms of land resources they have at hand. They should also consider the time needed to grow a crop, to complete a production cycle, or to justify certain operating expenditures. Transportation cost also have important effects upon location factors. Fields located at greater distances naturally have higher transportation costs. The land use planners should be well aware of the geographical distribution of farm production. Winter vegetables grow only in frost-free areas. Cotton grows only within a given temperature range. Tobacco grows only on certain soil types. Locating the production units must be based on cost-benefit analysis and the geographical distribution of farm production. Задание 2. Задайте письменно один и три специальных вопроса к тексту. Задание 3. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык, заполняя пропуски соответствующими модальными глаголами. 1. This is an easy text on land Cadastre. You … translate is without a dictionary. 2. The computarization … have much place in land use planning. 3. The industrial production … damage the land resources and increase the amount of waste land. 4. Some plants … live in desert regions. Задание 4. Переведите письменно данные предложения, обращая внимание на неличные формы глагола. 1. This soil is too bad to cultivate it. 2. Translating the article, I used a dictionary. 3. I remember the document having bun signed by both parties. 4. For people to work better they should be interested in the results of their labour. 5. Solving this problem is a very difficult task. Задание 5. Преобразуйте предложения из действительного залога в страдательный. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. They published one of his books last year. 2. She will post the letter tomorrow. 3. The regulation respects the most important parts of a town planning System. Задание 6. Переведите предложения с русского на английский язык. 1. Землеустроитель должен обеспечить правильное использование земель. 2. Если сельскохозяйственные земли используются разумно, они не теряют своей продуктивности. 3. Землеустроительный процесс включает оценку земли. Задание 7. Подберите антонимы к следующим словам. reduce, dependence, encourage, high, suitable. |