Занятие 4.. Наука и современные научные открытия

• Название: Наука и современные научные открытия
• Анкор: Занятие 4
• Дата: 03.09.2021
• Размер: 1.28 Mb.
• Имя файла: Занятие 4..docx
• Тип: Занятие; #229097

Занятие 4 (2 часа)

Тема: Наука и современные научные открытия.

Задачи:

• 
  Развивать навыки чтения
  
• 
  Развитие навыков устной речи.
  

Ход занятия.

1. 
   Организация начала занятия.
   
2. 
   Работа с текстом «Science»
   

2.1 Предтекстовый этап.



2.2. Текстовый этап: чтение и перевод текста

Science is important to most people living in the modem world for number of reasons. In particular, science is important to world peace and understanding, to the understanding of technology, and to understanding of the world.

Science is important to world peace in many ways. On one hand scientists have helped to develop many of the modem tools of war. On the other hand, they have also helped to keep the peace through research which has unproved life for people. Scientists have helped us understand the problem of supplying the world with enough energy; they have begun to develop a number of solutions to energy problem - for example, using energy from the sun and the atom. Scientists have also analysed the world's resources. We can begin to learn to share the resources with the knowledge provided to us by science. Science studies the Universe and how to use possibilities for the benefit of men.

Science is also important to everyone who is affected by modem technology. Many of the things that make our lives easier and better the results of advances in technology and, if the present patterns continue, technology will affect us even more in the future than it does now. In some cases, such as technology for taking salt out of ocean water, technology may be essential for our lives on Earth.

The study of science also provides people with an understanding of natural worlds. Scientists are learning to predict earthquakes, are continuing to study many other natural events such as storms. Scientists are also studying various aspects of human biology the origin and developments of the human race. The study of natural world may help improve life for many people all over the world. A basic knowledge of science is essential for everyone. It helps people to find their way in the changing world.

3. 
   Послетекстовый этап: выполнение заданий.
   

Ответить на вопросы:

• 
  For what reasons is science important to people living in the modern world?
  
• 
  What is the positive effect of science? How does science help to people?
  
• 
  What is a negative effect of science?
  

2.4 "Science... never solves a problem without creating ten more." Agree or disagree.

3. 
   Great Inventions
   

3.1 Устная работа.

• 
  What the most important inventions of the 19^th and 20^th century do you know? (A car, a television, a vacuum cleaner, a computer, a mobile phone cloning etc.)
  
• 
  I’ll give you the list of some modern inventions which are used in everyday life. Your task is to guess what these things are used for. You have to use –ing form.
  

For example: A mixer/ is for / to mix food. ---- A mixer is for mixing food.(Миксер для смешивания еды)

A mower A camera A telephone A typewriter A calculator A talking alarm clock A dishwasher A microwave oven

is for

to wake up people to cook food to do calculations to tell the time to cut and collect the grass to type information to wash dishes to take photographs to receive and make calls

• 
  Let’s check. Please, read and translate. (are they right?)
  
• 
  Do you have these inventions at home?
  
• 
  How often do you use them?
  
• 
  What things most of you couldn’t live without?
  
• 
  What inventions would you like to have and why?
  
• 
  Now I’ll listen to some people talking about things they use. You will work in groups. Your task is to answer the questions:
  

1. 
   What things are the members of the family talking about? 2. Why do the members of the family like to have these things at home?
   

Texts:

• 
  I really enjoy writing programs. It sounds difficult. But even an 11-year-old can write a simple program. One of my programs can play chess. It can beat me, but it can not beat my dad. He is an excellent chess player. (a computer)
  

• 
  They are magic. I also do roller-skating and ice-skating. But these are mixture of both. It is like ice-skating in the street. So fast! ( roller blades)
  

• 
  I think this is the most useful invention that I can imagine. I can take it anywhere I like. I have to keep in touch with my office whenever I travel. It is fantastic to be able to call them up as you are driving up the motorway. And they can even get in contact with me if they want!(A mobile telephone)
  

• 
  If we feel like eating a hot meal, I just get our favorite pre-prepared food and put it into the machine, set the dial and it is ready in minutes!(a microwave oven)
  

• 
  I am excited about this bit of technology. When I speak I cannot only hear but also see the other person! (a videophone)
  

2. 
   Письменная самостоятельна работа.
   

	Joseph Nicéphore Niépce (1765 – 1833) Joseph Nicéphore Niépce was a French inventor, most noted as one of the inventors of photography and a pioneer in the field. He is well-known for taking some of the earliest photographs, dating to the 1820s. As revolutionary as his invention was, Niépce is little known even today.
	Alexander Graham Bell (1847 – 1922) Alexander Graham Bell was an eminent scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator who is credited with inventing the first practical telephone. His research on hearing and speech led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone in 1876.
	The Lumière brothers: Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas (1862 – 1954) Louis Jean (1864– 1948) The Lumièr among the brothers ere aearliest filmmakers. Louis had made some improvements to the still-photograph process, the most notable being the dry-plate process, which was a major step towards moving images. The cinematograph itself was patented on 13 February 1895 and the first footage ever to be recorded using it was recorded on 19 March 1895.
	The Wright brothers: Orville (1871 – 1948) Wilbur (1867 – 1912) The Wright brothers were two Americans who are generally credited with inventing and building the world's first successful airplane and making the first controlled, powered and sustained heavier-than-air human flight, on December 17, 1903. In two years afterward, the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft. The Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing flight possible.
	James Murray Spangler (1848 - 1915) In 1907, James Murray Spangler, a janitor in Canton, Ohio invented an electric vacuum cleaner from a fan, a box, and a pillowcase.
	John Logie Baird (1888 – 1946) John Logie Baird was a British engineer and inventor of the world's first working television system, also the world's first fully electronic colour television broadcast. Although Baird's electromechanical system was eventually displaced by purely electronic systems his early successes demonstrating working television broadcasts and his colour and cinema television work earn him a prominent place in television's invention.
	Henry Ford was the American founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of modern assembly lines used in mass production. His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry. He was a prolific inventor and was awarded 161 U.S. patents. Henry Ford (1863 – 1947)
	Richard G.Drew (1886-1982) In 1923 Richard Drew settled down on work in company Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing which concerned with the production of the sandpaper, exploratory activity in the field of watertight surfaces and experimented with cellophane. And 27 May 1930 Richard Drew patented his invention - transparent getting sticky tape.
	Alexander Fleming (1881 – 1955) Sir Alexander Fleming was a Scottish biologist and pharmacologist. His best-known achievements are the discovery of the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penicillin from the fungus Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Walter Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.
	Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov (1907 – 1966) Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov was the head Soviet rocket engineer and designer during the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1950s and 1960s. He is considered by many as the father of practical astronautics.
	Akio Morita (1921 — 1999) Akio Morita was a Japanese entrepreneur, cofounder of Sony Corp. In 1949, the company developed magnetic recording tape and in 1950, sold the first tape recorder in Japan. In 1957, it produced a pocket-sized radio.
	William Henry "Bill" Gates III (born October 28, 1955) William Henry "Bill" Gates III is an American business magnate, philanthropist, and chairman of Microsoft, the software company. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of CEO and chief software architect, and remains the largest individual shareholder. Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution.

Фразы из текста по теме: To get acquainted with – познакомиться с To make a discovery – сделать открытие To invent – изобрести Satellite – спутник Equipment – снаряжение, техническое оснащение, оборудование Breakthrough — прорыв Realm of science – сфера науки To get rid of – избавиться от

We are living in a world of technologies now and can’t remember our life being different. The humanity has made many discoveries and invented lots of mechanisms and devices which have simplified our life significantly. We got acquainted with light and sound and explored their characteristics which helped us to use them effectively. The radio, the TV, the telephone was invented and enabled us to get in touch with each other, learn about what is happening in our native city and all over the world. The humanity never stopped on the way to unexplored places and even planets! We devised a satellite and made a rocket to travel to the moon and round the Earth. Special equipment lets us make photos of the faraway planets and study their environment. The most recent breakthrough in technology is supposed to be the internet. It has broadened our abilities and opened new horizons. We connect with people from other countries without any problems, search for any information and get it in one click, and have many other opportunities accessing the net from our smartphones, tablets, and computers. However, other realms of science have also been developing. Medicine, biology, archeology and many other sciences have achieved great results. We do have everything to maintain a high quality of life now. Many processes have been automated and people have got rid of many unpleasant things and difficulties they used to face in the past. Перевод: Сегодня мы живем в мире технологий и уже не помним, что наша жизнь когда-то была иной. Человечество сделало многие открытия и изобрело множество механизмов и приборов, которые значительно упростили нашу жизнь. Мы познакомились со светом и звуком и изучили их свойства, которые помогли нам эффективно их использовать. Было изобретено радио, телевидение, телефон, которые позволили нам связываться друг с другом, узнавать о том, что происходит в нашем родном городе и во всем мире. Человечество никогда не останавливалось на пути к неизведанным местам и даже планетам! Мы изобрели спутник и собрали ракету, чтобы отправиться на Луну и полететь вокруг Земли. Особое оборудование позволило нам сделать снимки дальних планет и изучить их природные условия. Одним из последних прорывов в технологии считается интернет. Он расширил наши возможности и открыл новые горизонты. Мы общаемся с людьми из других стран без всяких проблем, ищем любую информацию и находим ее в одно нажатие мышью и имеем множество других возможностей, подключаясь к сети через наши смартфоны, планшеты и компьютеры. Однако другие сферы науки также развиваются. Медицина, биология, археология и многие другие науки достигли отличных результатов. У нас действительно есть все, чтобы поддерживать высокий уровень жизнь сейчас. Многие процессы были автоматизированы и люди избавились от многих неприятных вещей и сложностей, с которыми сталкивались раньше.