ЗАБАЙКАЛЬЕ. Пояснительная записка Учебное пособие составлено в качестве приложения к умк по английскому языку в виде регионального социокультурного компонента и предназначено
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Choose the proper words and fill in the blanks. The history of mankind inZabaikalie dates back to the…. Stone Age Middle Ages 17-th century About …….. years ago people first came to settle down along the river banks. 200-300 thousands 400-500 thousands 700-800 thousands In …… Zabaikalskaya Cossack army with the center in Chita was formed. 1768 1851 1665 In April 1926 Zabaikalskaya gubernia was divided into … .districts. Nerchinsky and Sretensky Chitinsky and Sretensky Irkutsky and Chitinsky The present day Zabaikalsky krai was formed on March 1, 2008 by uniting …. Chitinskaya oblast and Buryatiya Chitinskaya oblast and AginskyBuryatsky autonomous okrug Chitinskaya oblast and Irkutskaya oblast ΙV. Geographical location and climate Zabaikalie is located in the southeastern Siberia. The territory is so vast, its landscapes are so diverse, that a cursory look cannot embrace it, and it is hard to fall in love with this land at once. Harsh sharply continental climate, very low population density, remote and almost in accessible natural monuments – these are just a few reasons which can explain why life-long residents of Zabaikalie have very limited knowledge of their homeland. While the total area of the territory is 431.5 thousand square kilometers, its population is only 1.3 million people, concentrated mainly in the southern parts. A complex, multistage history of the geological development of the region has filled the bowels of the earth with the astonishing quantity of various minerals. Tectonic mountain-forming processes, glacial epochs alternating with global warming periods account for the present day contrasting relief with body hilly valleys and alpine-type mountains. A peculiar geographical position of Zabaikalie in the center of Eurasia, the location of mountain ranges and valleys, remoteness from the world ocean resulted in a harsh, sharply continental climate, while in the northern mountainous regions an ultra-continental climate prevails. All this led to a unique variety of natural landscape complexes, among which mountain, taiga (mountain taiga), forest-steppe and steppe types dominate. Each is attractive in its own way. Right in the middle of endless hilly steppes with herds of horses and camels there lie two vast bitter-saulty lakes – Zun – Torey and Barun – Torey, where the water mirror joins the sky at the horizon line. Another part of the Daurian steppe is known for fantastical rock outcroppings, better known as Adun – Chelon, which is aBuryat name for “herd of stones”. Forest- steppe zone spots with birch groves in Ulyoty District resemble Ukrainian scenic views. Huge goltsy (bare rocky mountain tops) tower above magestic cedars in the Chikoy taiga of Southern Zabaikalie. Sokhondo Mt. is the highest one rising 2 500 meters. In the taiga crystal – clear rivers, one can still cast for bragging- size umber and bull trout, the river banks have preserved the evidence of the ancient people’s dwelling places. Mountain landscapes are particularly diverse – inaccessible Kodar mountain tops, rocky walls stretching for many kilometers, canyons, waterfalls, alpine meadows and high lakes, which seem to be bottomless. There is one most spectacular spot in the Chara Valley – it is called the Chara Sand Dunes. It is a desert with an area of 50 square kilometers and sand dunes rising 30 meters. It is beauty is accented by majestic Kodar and Udokan mountains. Zabaikalsky Krai abounds in lakes and rivers, there are about 15 thousand lakes and more than 40 thousand brooks and rivers, 54 of the latter are from 100 to 500 kilometers in length. 14 rivers, including Ingoda, Onon, Argun, Shilka, Kalar, Vitim, Chara, Chikoy, exceed 500 kilometers and are among the biggest waterways of Eurasia.The Shilka and the Argun rivers flowing over the territory are the sources of the Amur. The Shilka, in its turn, has the tributaries – the Ingoda and the Onon. Such rivers as the Khilok and the Chikoi flow into the Lena River basin. The Chita Region has a lot of lakes such as Leprindo, Leprindokan in the North and the group of Ivano-Arakhlei lakes in the central part. Zabaikalsky Krai houses two state biospheric reserves – Sokhondo reserve is located in the mountain- taiga zone, while Daurian reserve is in the steppe zone. The relief of the Zabaikalsky Krai consists of alternating ridges, basins and steppes. Much of the Zabaikalsky Krai is situated in the taiga zone with predominance of Daurian larch and Siberian pine. In the southern parts the region has many larch, birch and pine forests. The climate of the Zabaikalsky Krai is subcontinental. It is characterized by a long winter which is frosty, cloudless, and windless in the relief negative forms. Summer is warm in the south and cool in the north and in the mountain regions.The average January temperature is -28.3 ° C and the average July temperature is +20.8 ° C. One of the most characteristic features of the region is the yearly number of sunny days. Zabaikalsky Krai well surpasses all the territories lying in the same latitude (including the famous Caucasian spas) in the yearly amount of sunshine. In the northern and mountainous areas spring arrives by the end of April and lasts through the beginning of June. Summer lasts from the beginning of June through August, but snowfalls are highly probable on any summer day. In some mountainous places snow may keep well into July, in glacial areas it lies all the year round. Anchor – ice on the Mountain Rivers lasts out till August. Autumn in the north is slightly longer than a month. By October the foliage falls off the trees and the mountains are wrapped in snow. The Region is a mountainous country. There are some plateaus, hills and mountain ranges: the Argynsky and Nerchinsky chains. The ranges Kodar, Udokan and Kalar are also well-known. Our Region is rich in natural resources: ferrous and non-ferrous metals, precious metals (silver, gold, platinum), construction materials, magnetic ores, copper, zinc, uranium and molybdenum. The total area of forest is more than 34.0 thousand hectares. Ι. Complete the sentences using the information you have read. Zabaikalie is located in ………… . The population of Zabaikalsky Krai is about ………. . The total area of the territory is ……….. . The Shilka and the Argun rivers flowing over the territory are …….. . The Chita Region has a lot of lakes such as ……. in the North and the group of ……. in the central part. The relief of the Zabaikalsky Krai consists of ………….. . The climate of the Zabaikalsky Krai is ……… . Our region is rich in natural resources ……… . The total area of forest is …….. . ΙΙ. Give the English equivalents for: Горы альпийского типа Общая площадь Горные хребты Резко континентальный климат Лесостепь Табуны лошадей и верблюдов Горные вершины Ручьи и реки Бесконечные холмистые степи ΙΙΙ. Find some words in the puzzle which characterize the geography of Zabaikalie.
ΙV. Read the geographical names and translate them into Russian. Make up your own sentences with these words and word combinations. the southeastern Siberia Eurasia Lake Zun – Torey Ulyoty District the Southern Zabaikalie Kodar Mountain the Onon River the Argun River the Shilka River Sokhondo reserve the Argynsky and Nerchinsky chains Chara Sand Dunes Match the words in the columns.Translate them into Russian.
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harply continental