реферат. индивидуальный проект. Проект направлен не знакомство с Астраханским краем
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1.Учебный практико-ориентированный проект «Прогулки по Астрахани» направлен на разработку рекомендаций для туристов по памятным местам и достопримечательностям города Астрахани. Актуальность проекта: Путешествия очень актуальны во всем мире. Ежегодно Астрахань посещают тысячи туристов из зарубежных стран. Астрахань славится как рыбный край, однако здесь много памятных и исторических мест, здесь снимались легендарные советские фильмы, здесь очень много памятников архитектуры и Астрахань – очень зеленый и красивый город. Знакомство с Астраханью подарит туристам незабываемое впечатление. Проект направлен не знакомство с Астраханским краем. Объект исследования: Астрахань. Предмет исследования: Астраханский край и его достопримечательности. Цель исследования: узнать историю Астрахани. Задачи исследования: Изучить достопримечательности Астрахани, пройтись по ее памятным местам. 2. Теоретическая часть: Astrakhan and its sights Astrakhan is a large city in Russia located in the upper part of the Volga River delta, 1400 km from Moscow. Founded in 1558, in the past it is the southern outpost of Russia, and now the regional center, the cultural and economic center of the Caspian region and the Lower Volga region. It is included in one hundred cities of the country that are of historical value. There are so many different architectural monuments, historical and natural attractions in Astrakhan that a tourist will not have enough even a week to visit and see them all. 1. Astrakhan Kremlin. On the hill of the Hare Island, washed from all sides by three rivers, there is a majestic architectural composition - the Astrakhan Kremlin. Originally a defensive fortress, it began its history in the middle of the 16th century. To date, only 4 of the 8 towers have survived: Bishops, Zhitnaya, Crimean and Red Gate. In addition to them, here you can see the "Water Gate" leading to the Volga - during the sieges it was through them that people went to fetch water. There is also the Artillery Tower, called the Torture Tower because of the interrogations that took place there. In 1974, the Kremlin was given the status of a museum, and ethnographic exhibits were added to the architectural monuments. 2. Monument to Peter the Great Peter the Great made a great contribution to the development of the city. It was on his initiative that a port and the first zoo appeared here, vineyards grew, and production of saltpeter began. In memory of this, construction of a monument to the first Russian emperor began in 2002. The opening took place only 5 years later, but the work of sculptor Kovalchuk and architect Fedorchenko was not in vain - now the figure of Peter the Great rises on the square of the same name. The emperor is depicted in full dress, a cloak flutters behind him, and a cocked hat on his head. The right hand rests on the sword, and the gaze, of course, is directed to the Volga. A slab is fixed at the foot of the high pedestal, which depicts a fragment of the decree that founded the Astrakhan province. 3. Sculpture "Lady with a Dog" As part of the renovation of the city for its 450th anniversary, a beautiful sculpture appeared on the embankment depicting Chekhov's heroine - "The Lady with the Dog". Standing on a low pedestal, imitating a stone pavement of the last century, a young girl seemed to have just gone out for a walk. She is dressed in an old-fashioned closed dress and a wide-brimmed hat, a neat umbrella hangs on her bent left hand, and a small bouquet squeezes her fingers. The beauty is clearly thinking about something and looks a little sad. At her right leg, a small dog like a Spitz froze. The sculpture looks very lively; passers-by are often photographed next to it. 4. Monument to Prince Vladimir In 2013, a monument to the ruler who baptized Russia was erected in front of the temple of Prince Vladimir. On a massive granite pedestal, there is a bronze figure depicting a prince wearing a Monomakh hat. With his left hand he holds a staff crowned with a large crucifix, and with his outstretched right hand he seems to bless everyone who passes by. The creation of the monument was another act of Russian-Azerbaijani friendship: the artist Natik Aliyev, the architect Alexander Fedorchenko and the sculptor Andrey Kovalchuk worked on it. The sculpture was made in Baku with the support of the Gaidar Aliyev Foundation. The construction of the temple, later consecrated in the name of the baptist of Russia, Prince Vladimir, was to take place on the 900th anniversary of the arrival of Christianity in the country. But due to a poor harvest and an epidemic of cholera, fundraising was slow, and the construction of the cathedral began only in 1895. The work went on for 7 years, but the joy of the parishioners did not last long - in 1919 the temple was destroyed by workers during the uprising. Since 1923, the Renovationists tried to capture it, and in 1936 they succeeded. Three years later, the Soviet authorities converted the cathedral into a warehouse, and then into a bus station. Only in 1999, the temple again became the property of the church, and its restoration began. And today the majestic 50-meter cathedral with unique Byzantine-style architecture is open to parishioners. 5. Monument to the roach Fishing has always been well developed in Astrakhan, and the vobla that rises here from the Caspian Sea during floods is one of the symbols of the city. In the harsh war years, it was dried fish that saved the inhabitants from hunger. As a token of gratitude, the townspeople decided to immortalize the vobla, affectionately called here the nurse, in bronze. The monument appeared in 2008. A rotating pedestal in the form of a column is crowned with a small round platform, on which the sculptor depicted the curls of waves and fish flying above them. The elongated body is covered with realistic scales, fins are made in detail. And on the column is a plaque with the names of sponsors who helped create a sculpture that is significant for the city. 6. Sculpture "Shoe Shiner" In preparation for the 450th anniversary of the city, several new sculptures were erected on the embankment, including the Shoe Shiner. She depicts a boy in a cap and apron, sitting on a low stool. In front of him is a special box-stand for the client's leg, and in the hands of the young cleaner a pair of brushes. The monument was not created by chance - it is a copy of the minor, but remembered by all, the hero of Gaidai's film "It Can't Be!", Which was filmed here, in Astrakhan. This funny and cute sculpture is loved by tourists - they often take pictures with their feet on a stand. But at the same time, it is a reminder of the difficult times when child labor was widely used. 7. Bridge of friendship between Russia and Azerbaijan The Volga backwater flows between the Gaidar Aliyev square and the monument to Peter the Great, which can be crossed by an elegant bridge that has become a symbol of friendship between the Russian and Azerbaijani peoples. The images of two iconic buildings, the Astrakhan Assumption Cathedral and the Maiden Tower of Baku, add additional meaning to the structure. This place was chosen by lovers; locks, hung by newlyweds, often appear here. Another highlight of the bridge is a fountain built into it, the jets of which flow like a waterfall into the backwater. With the onset of darkness, the backlight turns on, emphasizing the beauty of the structure. 8. White Mosque The beautiful building with snow-white walls and blue roofs is made in a classical style for Islamic architecture, but a little unusual for Russia. Originally wooden, the mosque was rebuilt in stone in 1810 with the support of David Izmailov, a Tatar merchant. The rectangular building of the prayer hall is complemented by a small semicircular ledge - a mihrab, and a tower with carved windows - a minaret - rises among the galleries. Before the revolution, Muslim schools of the elementary and higher levels worked in the mosque, but in the 30s the building was given for more prosaic needs: at different times there were different industries. The temple was returned to the believers at the end of the 20th century and an institute is working again at it, now only of the highest level. 9. Sculpture "Ivanushka and the Little Humpbacked Horse" In 2008, the sculptor Sergei Shcherbakov immortalized in bronze the two main characters of the famous fairy tale by Ershov: Ivanushka and his faithful friend, the Little Humpbacked Horse. A young guy in folk clothes stands and looks at the feather of the Firebird, which he clutches in a high-raised hand. The Little Humpbacked Horse almost reared up and happily looks at the owner. Its tail streams to the ground, and its hump does not spoil the little horse in the least. The sculptural composition stands next to the Theater of the Young Spectator, one of the walls of which is decorated with a sculpture of the same Firebird. And the prototype of the statue of Ivanushka was Yuri Mineev, one of the theater actors who played this fabulous role. 3.Практическая часть: презентация, брошюра. 4. Заключение (оценка и самооценка): в учебном проекте «Астрахань и ее достопримечательности» я изучила достопримечательности Астрахани, ее исторические места, которые ежегодно посещают тысячи туристов (вопросы к студенту). |