прямая речь. Прямая и косвенная речь. Согласование времён i часть. Теоретический материал
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Огородникова Е.В. Комплекс упражнений по теме «Прямая и косвенная речь. Согласование времён» I ЧАСТЬ. Теоретический материал. 1.1. Прямая речь – это речь какого-либо лица, передаваемая буквально так, как она была произнесена. She says: “I like reading science fiction most of all.” 1.2. Косвенная речь – это речь, в которой передаются не подлинные слова какого-либо лица, а их содержание. She says that she likes reading science fiction most of all. 1.3. Различные типы предложений в косвенной речи
Повествовательное предложение становится придаточным предложением, которое присоединяется к главному предложению союзом that, который может опускаться. Общий и альтернативный вопрос становится придаточным предложением, которое присоединяется союзом if (whether). Специальный вопрос становится придаточным предложением, которое присоединяется тем вопросительным словом, с которого начинается вопрос в прямой речи. Порядок слов в косвенном вопросе меняется на прямой: подлежащее, сказуемое, дополнение, обстоятельство. Глагол в повелительном наклонении заменяется инфинитивом (to+V1; not to + V1) 1.4. Согласование времён – это согласование по времени сказуемых главного и придаточного предложений в сложноподчинённом предложении. При обращении прямой речи в косвенную также применяется правило согласования времён. 1.5. Правило согласования времён Если глагол в главном предложении (слова автора) употребляется в настоящем или будущем времени, то глагол в придаточном предложении употребляется в любом времени, необходимом по смыслу. (т.е. согласования времён нет) he likes reading.  H   e says that he liked reading.he will like reading. Если глагол в главном предложении (слова автора) употребляется в каком-либо из прошедших времён, то глагол в придаточном предложении должен употребляться также в каком-либо из прошедших времён.
1.6. Согласование времён в косвенной речи
1.7. Изменение местоимений, наречий, модальных глаголов при согласовании времён Today – that day tonight – that night yesterday – the day before Tomorrow – the next day (a week) ago – (a week) before last (year – the (year) before Next (year) – the following (year) this – that now – then These – those here - there Can – could must – had to may – might Shall – should will – would 1.8. Команды, просьбы, инструкции в косвенной речи 1. Tell / ask somebody + (not) + to+V1 Вместо tell / ask могут использоваться глаголы command командовать order приказывать warn предупреждать advise советовать forbid (forbade, forbidden) запрещать invite приглашать Mother asked Tom to help her. She told us not to be late. 2. 1) suggest + V + ing I suggested going to the cinema. 2) suggest that somebody (should) + V1 I suggested that we should go to the cinema. I suggested that we go to the cinema. Вместо глагола suggest могут использоваться глаголы insist настаивать recommend рекомендовать demand требовать II ЧАСТЬ. Упражнения. 2.1. Change the sentences into reported speech. My friend says: “I back the idea of introduction of a school uniform.” My friend asks me: “Do you support the idea of a school uniform?” My friend asks me: “What do you think about introduction of a school dress code?” The teacher said: “Write an essay about the problem of a school uniform.” The teacher said: “Don’t forget to hand in your essays.” 2.2. Write the sentences in reported speech. Mind sequence of tenses! 1. The woman said to her son, "I am glad I am here." 2. Mike said, "We have bought these books today." 3. She said to me, "Now I can read your translation." 4. "This man spoke to me on the road," said the woman. 5. The teacher said to the class, "We shall discuss this subject tomorrow. 6. Nellie said, "I read 'Jane Eyre' last year." 7. "You have not done your work well," said the teacher to me. 2.3. Write the sentences in reported speech. Mind sequence of tenses! 1. She said, "I spent my holidays in the Crimea last year." 2. He said, "I am going to a health resort tomorrow." 3. Ann said to us, "They haven't yet come." 4. She said to us, "They arrived in St. Petersburg yesterday." 5. Nick said, "I have never been to London. I think I shall go there next year." 6. He said, "They are leaving next Monday." 7. The clerk said to them, "You can leave the key with the maid upstairs." 2.4. Write the following questions in reported speech. I said to Boris, "Does your friend live in London?" 2. I said to the man, "Are you living in a hotel?" 3. Nick said to his friend, "Will you stay at the Hilton?" 4. He said to me, "Do you often go to see your friends?" 5. She said to me, "Have you sent them a telegram?" 6. She said to me, "Did you send them a telegram yesterday?" 7. I said to her, "Can you give me their address?" 8. I said to my mother, "Did anybody come to see me?" 9. Oleg said to me, "Will you come here tomorrow?" 10. He said to us, "Did you go to the museum this morning?" 2.5. Write the following questions in reported speech. 1. I said to Nick, "Where are you going?" 2. I said to him, "How long will it take you to get there?" 3. He said to her, "Where do you usually spend your summer holidays?" 4. Ann said to Mike, "When did you leave London?" 5. Boris said to them, "How can I get to the railway station?" 6. Mary asked Tom, "What time will you come here tomorrow?" 7. She asked me, "Why didn't you come here yesterday?" 8. They said to him, "What time does the train start?" 9. Mother said to me, "Who has brought this parcel?" 10. I said to Becky, "What kind of book has your friend brought you?" 2.6. Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках. 1. Where is he going? (He didn't tell anybody...). 2. Where does he live? (Nobody knew...) 3. When will he come back? (She asked them...) 4. Where did she buy this hat? (He wanted to know...) 5. Where can I buy an English-Russian dictionary? (He asked me...) 6. How long will it take your brother to get to Madrid? (He wondered...) 2.7. Write the sentences in reported speech. She asked me: “Don’t close the window.” 2. They said to us: “Come at five o’clock tomorrow.” 3. The doctor advised to him: “You must spend your holidays in the south.” 4. My friend suggested to me: “I can bring you this book.” 5. Andy said: “I prefer CD books.” 6. Julia told: “We met Pete in the library yesterday.” 7. Jane wondered: “Who are you waiting here?” 8. Kate wanted to know: “Have you ever traveled abroad?” 9. Father said to us: “I’ll arrange everything for the trip next week.” 10. The boy told his mother: “I have been learning this poem for half an hour.” 2.8. Write the dialogues in reported speech. Kate: There is nothing like getting up early in the morning and taking a cold shower! Jane: How long have you been doing this? Kate: I shall start tomorrow. The editor: Did you write the poem yourself? The poet: Yes, every word of it. The editor: I am glad to meet you, Sir Robert Burns. I thought you died many years ago. The critic: Which are two best novels of the year, Mr. Right? Mr. Right: I don’t know yet. I have written only one this year. 2.9. Write the dialogues in reported speech. Bill: I saw the doctor last week about my loss of memory. Tom: What did he do? Bill: He made me pay in advance. Teacher: Why are you late this morning, Jack? Jack: I pressed the toothpaste so hard that it took me half an hour to get the paste back into the tube. The patient: Doctor, I have broken my arm. Doctor: Don’t worry. The patient: Will I be able to play the piano? Doctor: Of course, you will. The patient: Thank you. I have never been able to play the piano before. 2.10. Change into reported speech. “Laugh at all you trembled at before.” (William Cowper / advise) 2. “Always do what you are afraid to do.” (Ralf Emerson / suggest) 3. “Never take anything for granted.” (Benjamin Disraeli / warn) 4. “Don’t worry about what may never happen. Keep in the sunlight.” (Benjamin Franklin / tell) 5. “Judge a man by his questions rather than his answers.” (Elbert Hubbard / insist) 6. “Never hold anyone by the button or the hand in order to be heard out … better hold your tongue than them.” (Philip Chesterfield / recommend) 2.11. Put the verbs in brackets into the proper tense. Mind Sequence of tenses. 1. He said that our friends (come) here the following day. 2. When I came to his place, they (say) that he (go) off two hours before. 3. The teacher told us that the Sun (be) 1, 240, 000 miles from the Earth. 4. I did not know that you already (receive) the letter. 5. I was told that the secretary just (go) out and (come) back in 20 minutes. 6. I did not know who (work) in the next room at that moment. 7. Mike said that he (work) in the bank. 2.12. Translate into English. Mind Sequence of tenses. Они пообещали, что принесут нам все книги завтра. 2. Когда я позвонил ему домой, мне сказали, что он уехал час назад. 3. Я не знала, что он говорит по-французски. 4. Мы думали, что она права. 5. Майк сказал, что он играл в футбол на школьном стадионе весь вечер. 6. Она спросила меня, видела ли я Аню сегодня. 7. Он поинтересовался, что мы об этом думаем. 8. Мы бы хотели знать, когда начнутся соревнования. 9. Учитель спросил, сделали ли ученики домашнее задание. 10. Лиза хотела знать, перевела ли я эти тексты. 2.13. Change the direct speech into the reported speech. – Is ink expensive, Dad? - No, it isn’t. What makes you think so? - Mother seems quite disturbed because I spilt some on the carpet. Susan asked her father… . Susan’s father told her… . Then the girl said … . – Mummy, why is it cold today? - It is winter now. It’s always cold in winter - But why is it always cold in winter? - Oh, Susan, I didn’t ask my mother so many questions. - Now I understand why you can’t answer my questions! Susan asked her mother… . Her mother answered… . Susan repeated the question … . Susan’s mother got angry and exclaimed … . Susan came to the conclusion … . 2.14. Retell the story using reported speech. “Take me back to prison” There was a king who thought that he could paint very well. His pictures were bad. But the people to whom he showed them were afraid of the king. They all said that they liked his pictures very much. One day the king showed his pictures to a great painter who lived in his country and said: “I want to know what you think of my pictures. Do you like them? Am I a good painter or not?” The painter looked at the king’s pictures and said: “My king, I think your pictures are bad, and that you will never be a good painter.” The king got very angry and sent the painter to prison. After two years the king wanted to see the painter again. “I was very angry with you,” he said, because you didn’t like my pictures. Now I forget all about it. You are a free man again, I am your friend.” For many hours the king talked with the painter, and even asked him to dine. After the dinner the king showed his pictures to the painter and asked: “Well, how do you like them now?” The painter did not answer anything. He turned to the soldier who was standing near him and said: “Take me back to prison.” |