Прямая речь это речь, переданная дословно, без изменений. Tom tells his friends, "I work in London."
 Скачать 2.13 Mb.
|
|
Прямая речь –это речь, переданная дословно, без изменений. Tom tells his friends, “I work in London.” “Who are you?” she cried. “What do you want?” Косвенная речь – это передача содержания прямой речи в форме пересказа. He says to Lena, “I see my friends every day.” He says to Lena that he sees his friends every day. I he, she, I (редко) we they, we (редко) you he, she, they При этом при переводе прямой речи в косвенную местоимения изменяются согласно требованиям логики. He tells them. “I can help you.” He tells them that he can help them. Согласование времён – это зависимость времени глагола-сказуемого придаточного предложения от времени глагола-сказуемого главного предложения. says tells 2 says to 2 1 время не изменяется She says, “I am fine”. She says that she is fine. 1 said told 2 said to 2 время изменяется She said that she was fine.
1 said /said to 2/ told 2 that подлежащее + сказуемое Утверждения переводятся в косвенную речь следующим образом: (Союз that можно не употреблять) “I enjoy swimming,” Louisa said. Louisa said that she enjoyed swimming. 1) Tom said, “I’m awfully tired”. Tom said awfully tired. he was that 2)I said to Mary, “I’ll be in London tomorrow”. I said to Mary that I would be in London the next day. 3)Jim said, “I haven’t seen Alice today”. Jim said that he hadn’t seen Alice that day. 4)Ann said to Tom, “I didn’t know this girl”. Ann told Tom that she hadn’t known that girl. 1 said /said to 2/ told 2 that V. Перевод вопросительных предложений в косвенную речь asked (2) wondered if wanted to know (ли) 1 подлежащее + сказуемое (прямой порядок слов) “Have you been crying?” mum asked. Mum asked if I had been crying. При прямом порядке слов глагол-сказуемое следует за подлежащим. (Утвердительные и отрицательные предложения). При обратном порядке слов глагол-сказуемое стоит перед подлежащим. (Вопросительные предложения). а) Общие вопросы Jim asked, “What are doing now, Mary?” Jim asked Mary what she was doing then b) Специальные вопросы asked (2) wondered wh wanted to know (ли) 1 подлежащее + сказуемое (прямой порядок слов) c) Вопрос к подлежащему В вопросе к подлежащему в косвенной речи порядок слов не меняется. He asked, “Who likes pop-music?” He asked who liked pop-music. Robert Does it often rain here ? asked Helen Have you seen this film, Peter? asked Peter that Sam asked the boys: Who is knocking? Sam asked the boys who was knocking. John: What is your phone number, Bob? John asked Bob what was his phone number. Перевод просьб и приказаний из прямой речи в косвенную asked told Если в прямой речи содержится просьба или приказание, то при переводе в косвенную речь перед ней: ставятся слова автора – to ask smb или to tell smb; глагол в косвенной речи ставится в форме инфинитива. 1 2 to V Kate said to her sister, “Please, tell me the truth.” Kate asked her sister to tell her the truth. При пересказе запретов используется отрицательный инфинитив. 1 asked told 2 not to V The mother said to her son, “Don’t watch this film.” The mother told her son not to watch that film. Choose the right variant John said, ”I’m sorry to disturb you, Eliza”. A John told that he was sorry to disturb Eliza. B John told Eliza that he was sorry to disturb her. C John said to Eliza that he had been sorry to disturb her. 2. He said, “Where is Jill going?” A He asked where was Jill going. B He asked where Jill went. С He asked where Jill was going. 3. Robby asked, “Bobby, help me, please!” A Robby asked Bobby to help him. B Robby asked Bobby that he helped him. C Robby asked Bobby that he would help him. 4. The doctor asked, “How do you feel?” A The doctor asked how did I feel. B The doctor asked how I felt. C The doctor asked how I had felt. 5. Colin asked Richard, “Will you be free tomorrow?” A Richard asked would Colin be free the next day. B Colin asked Richard if he would be free the next day. C Colin asked if Richard will be free tomorrow. 6. Sam asked, “Where were you yesterday, Tom?” A Sam asked where he was Tom yesterday. B Sam asked Tom where was Tom the day before. C Sam asked Tom where he had been the day before. 7. Ann asked me, “Don’t make so much noise, please.” A Ann asked me that I not make so much noise. B Ann asked me if I not made so much noise. C Ann asked me not to make so much noise. 8. The teacher said, “You can have a rest, children”. A The teacher told the children that they could have a rest. B The teacher said to children that they can have a rest. C The teacher said that they could have a rest, children. Change the sentences into reported speech. I said to her, “I have something to tell you.” Mr Smith said, “I am going to call you tomorrow.” Sally asked, “Why did you decide to go to Egypt?” My cousin said, “We moved to a new flat two days ago.” 5. He asked, “Who will do this task?” 6. He said, “My mother has just come.” 7. She said, “I’ll come to you , Steve.” 8. The teacher asked, “What are you going to do, Peter?” Перевод повелительных предложений в косвенную речь tell (2) ask 1 (not) infinitive “Tom, help me!” mum asked. Mum asked Tom to help her. Глаголы tell, ask можно заменить на глаголы command, order, warn, advise, invite, forbid. а) команды, инструкции, просьбы: “Get out of the car!” the policeman said. The policeman ordered to get out of the car. Перевод повелительных предложений в косвенную речь suggest + 1 V ing “Let’s go to the cinema!” I said. I suggested going to the cinema. b) Предложения (предположения): 1 suggest + that (should) 1 2 V ing infinitive без to “Let’s go to the cinema!” I said. I suggested that we (should) go to the cinema. |