самосто англ камолова 102 юзнб. Самостоятельная работа по дисциплине Английский язык
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МИНОБРНАУКИ РОССИИ Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Челябинский государственный университет» (ФГБОУ ВО «ЧелГУ») Институт права Кафедра английского языка Самостоятельная работа по дисциплине «Английский язык» Выполнил студент Камолова Виктория Руслановна группы ЮЗНБ-102 заочной формы обучения специальности 40.05.01 Правовое обеспечение национальной безопасности ____________________________________ (подпись) «___» _________________________2020 г. Проверил Юхмина Елена Александровна Должность: доцент Ученая степень: кандидат филологических наук ____________________________________ (подпись) «___» _________________________2020 г. Челябинск 2020 CRIMINAL law Упражнение 1. Заполните пропуски, используя следующие слова.  bullies burglar dealers drink driving fine gangs graffiti hooligans judge mugged robbers shoplifting speeding theft violence 1. A burglar broke into our house while we were away this weekend and stole our video. 2. Drug dealers who sell heroin to teenagers are among the worst kind of criminals. 3. Car theft in this area is increasing. Fifty cars were stolen last week. 4. Fourteen football hooligans were arrested after the match. They were fighting and throwing bottles onto the pitch. 5. He should have taken a taxi home after the party. He got stopped by the police and lost his licence for drunk driving. 6. He was doing 80 kilometres an hour in the centre of town. He was caught speedingon a camera. 7. He’s scared to walk home from school on his own because last week some bulliesin the year above him broke his personal stereo. 8. If you park on a double yellow line, you might get a parking fine. 9. In court, the judge said he should stay in prison for the rest of his life. 10. She was arrested for shoplifting. She stole a pair of jeans and a sweater from a clothes shop. 11. Some people think that the violence on TV and in films leads to crime. 12. The health centre wall has some big red graffiti on it. They’ll have to repaint the wall. 13. There was a big fight between two gangsof teenagers outside the club. Seventeen people were hurt. 14. Two armed bank robbers got away with ₤ 50,000 yesterday. 15. Two guys mugged a friend of mine recently and ran off with her handbag. Упражнение 2. Заполните пропуски, используя следующие слова. · sentence · criminal · offence · judge · jury · kidnapping · reward · trial · ransom · arrest There are many different kinds of crimes. Kidnapping , taking somebody away and demanding a for ransom their return, is a particularly serious offence. The police often offer a reward, which is sometimes quite a substantial sum of money, for information leading to the arrest of a criminal. It is not always easy for a jury to decide whether the suspect is guilty or not. The trial of a suspect often takes days, or even weeks. Having decided on their verdict, the jury do not, however, have to decide how long a sentenceto give. That is the job of the judge. Упражнение 3. Напишите преступление, опираясь на данное определение и первую букву нужного слова. 1. breaking in to steal something break in/break into 2. driving more quickly than the limit speed limit 3. killing unintentionally manslaughter 4. killing intentionally murder 5. attacking and robbing violently mugging 6. the act of stealing theft Упражнение 4. Опишите данные картинки – какие преступления представлены на картинках и какие меры предосторожности предпринять? 1)Bank Robbery. To prevent a robbery, you need to install an alarm system and hire a security guard. 2)the Kidnapping. The child should always be under the supervision of parents . In crowded public places, you can not lose sight of the child for a minute. 3). Theft. Hold your personal items tightly so that they are difficult to snatch out of your hands.Try to keep things in view at all times. The bag behind your back can be easily unzipped or cut with a blade or knife, stealing valuables unnoticed. 4). break into the house. You must install a security system and purchase security cameras. Install doors that will be difficult to break into.  Упражнение 4. Решите кроссворд.  ACROSS (по горизонтали) 3. (n.) The legal dissolution of a marriage. - divorce 6. (n.) A person who takes away people by force and demands money for their return. - kidnapper 8. (adj.) Not guilty. -innocent 9. (n.) A police officer or a private investigator whose function is to obtain information and evidence of illegal activity. - vigilante 11. (v.) To take the property of another or others without permission or right. - theft 14. (n.) A thing or things helpful in forming a conclusion or judgment; in law, the documentary or oral statements and the material objects admissible as testimony in court. - evidence 16. (v.) To seize by the authority of the law; to make someone a prisoner. - arrest 17. (n.) A claim by an accused person of having been elsewhere when an offense was committed. - alibi DOWN (по вертикали) 1. (n.) A correctional institution meant for punishment and/or rehabilitation of offenders. - prison 2. (n.) A public official who hears and decides cases in a law court. - judge (n.) A person who suffers injury, loss, or death as a result of criminal activities or other circumstances.- victim (adj.) Prohibited by law or by official rules. - offence 7. (n.) A penalty inflicted for an offence. - punishment 10. (adj.) Relating to the rights of private individuals and legal proceedings concerning these rights as distinguished from criminal proceedings. - civil 12. (n.) The act of putting someone to death as a lawful penalty. - execution 13 (n.) The illegitimate use of force and violence to create fear in order to gain a political or some other objective when innocent people suffer. - terrorism 15. (v.) To take or receive (property, a right, a title, etc.) by succession or will - bequest Тема Kinds of casesУпражнение 5.Прочитайте текст, переведите и выпишите русские эквиваленты к выделенным словам и выражениям, выучите их наизусть. Составьте аннотацию к тексту. Civil Cases Civil cases are usually disputes between or among private citizens, corporations, governments, government agencies, and other organizations. Most often, the party bringing the suit is asking for money damages for some wrong that has been done. For example, a tenant may sue a landlord for failure to fix a leaky roof, or a landlord may sue a tenant for failure to pay rent. People who have been injured may sue a person or a company they feel is responsible for the injury. The party bringing the suit is called the plaintiff; the party being sued is called the defendant. There may be many plaintiffs or many defendants in the same case. The plaintiff starts the lawsuit by filing a paper called a complaint, in which the case against the defendant is stated. The next paper filed is usually the answer, in which the defendant disputes what the plaintiff has said in the complaint. The defendant may also feel that there has been a wrong committed by the plaintiff, in which case a counterclaim will be filed along with the answer. It is up to the plaintiff to prove the case again the defendant. In each civil case the judge tells the jury the extent to which the plaintiff must prove the case. This is called the plaintiff’s burden of proof, a burden that the plaintiff must meet in order to win. In most civil cases the plaintiff’s burden is to prove the case by a preponderance of evidence, that is, that the plaintiff’s version of what happened in the case is more probably true than not true. Jury verdicts do not need to be unanimous in civil cases. Only 10 jurors need to agree upon a verdict if there are 12 jurors: five must agree if there are six jurors. Criminal Cases A criminal case is brought by the state or by a city or county against a person or persons accused of having committed a crime. The state, city, or county is called the plaintiff; the accused person is called the defendant. The charge against the defendant is called an information or a complaint. The defendant has pleaded not guilty and you should presume the defendant’s innocence throughout the entire trial unless the plaintiff proves the defendant guilty. The plaintiff’s burden of proof is greater in criminal case than in a civil case. In each criminal case you hear the judge will tell you all the elements of the crime that the plaintiff must prove; the plaintiff must prove each of these elements beyond reasonable doubt before the defendant can be found guilty. In criminal cases the verdict must be unanimous, that is, all jurors must agree that the defendant is guilty in order to overcome the presumption of innocence. Гражданское дело. Гражданские дела обычно представляют собой споры между частными лицами, корпорациями, правительствами, правительственными учреждениями и другими организациями. Чаще всего сторона, подающая иск, просит компенсацию ущерба за какой-то проступок, который был совершен. Например, арендатор может подать в суд на арендодателя за неспособность починить протекающую крышу, или арендодатель может подать в суд на арендатора за неуплату арендной платы. Люди, получившие травму, могут подать в суд на человека или компанию, которые, по их мнению, несут ответственность за травму. Сторона, подающая иск, называется истцом; сторона, на которую подается иск, называется ответчиком. В одном и том же деле может быть много истцов или много ответчиков. Истец начинает иск с подачи бумаги, называемой жалобой, в которой излагается дело против ответчика. Следующий поданный документ обычно является ответом, в котором ответчик оспаривает то, что истец сказал в жалобе. Ответчик может также почувствовать, что истец совершил ошибку, и в этом случае вместе с ответом будет подан встречный иск. Именно истец должен вновь доказать свою правоту ответчику. В каждом гражданском деле судья сообщает присяжным степень, в которой истец должен доказать свою правоту. Это называется бременем доказывания истца, которое истец должен нести, чтобы выиграть дело. В большинстве гражданских дел бремя истца состоит в том, чтобы доказать свою правоту путем преобладания доказательств, то есть в том, что версия истца о том, что произошло в деле, скорее соответствует действительности, чем нет. В гражданских делах вердикты присяжных не обязательно должны быть единогласными. Только 10 присяжных должны согласовать вердикт, если присяжных 12; пять должны согласиться, если присяжных шесть. Уголовное дело. Уголовное дело возбуждается государством или городом или округом против лица или лиц, обвиняемых в совершении преступления. Истцом называют штат, город или округ, ответчиком - обвиняемый. Обвинение против ответчика называется информацией или жалобой. Ответчик не признал себя виновным, и вы должны исходить из невиновности ответчика на протяжении всего судебного разбирательства, если истец не докажет вину ответчика. Бремя доказывания истца в уголовном деле больше, чем в гражданском. В каждом уголовном деле, которое вы слушаете, судья сообщит вам все элементы преступления, которые истец должен доказать; истец должен доказать каждый из этих элементов вне разумных сомнений, прежде чем обвиняемый может быть признан виновным. В уголовных делах вердикт должен быть единогласным, то есть все присяжные должны согласиться с тем, что подсудимый виновен, чтобы преодолеть презумпцию невиновности. Civil Cases – гражданские дела to pay rent – платить за аренду (арендная плата) the party – сторона the plaintiff – истец the defendant – ответчик the lawsuit – иск a complaint – возражения the answer – ответ a wrong – ошибка a counterclaim – встречныйиск the burden of proof – бремядоказывания a preponderance of evidence – наличие более веских доказательств unanimous - единогласный Criminal Cases – уголовные дела committed a crime – совершить преступление the accused person – обвиняемый the charge – обвинение pleaded not guilty – не признал себя виновным innocence – невиновность trial – судебный guilty – виновный the presumption of innocence – презумпцияневиновности This text examines the characteristics of civil and criminal cases. Definitions are also given , the order and features of their consideration are described. Упражнение 6.Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты к следующим словам и выражениям. 1. заявление об обвинении - charge against the defendant 2. элемент (состава) преступления - elements of the crime 3. презумпция невиновности - presumption of innocence 4. показания - indications 5. истец - plaintiff 6. судебное разбирательство - lawsuit 7. частные лица - private citizens 8. денежная компенсация ущерба - money damages 9. единогласное решение присяжных - unanimous 10. наличие более веских доказательств - preponderance of evidence 11. возражения ответчика по делу - answer 12. ответчик - defendant 13. встречный иск - counterclaim 14. бремя доказывания - burden of proof 15. ответственность за ущерб - responsible for the injury 16. подать иск /возбудить дело - bringing the suit 17. доказывать - prove 18. заявить о своей невиновности - pleaded not guilty Упражнение 7. Переведите следующие определения. DEFENDANT – (crim.) person charged with a crime; (civ.) person or entity against whom a civil action is brought. Подсудимый – лицо, обвиняемое в совершении преступления; физическое или юридическое лицо, в отношении которого возбужден гражданский иск. ACTION – proceeding taken in court synonymous to case, suit, lawsuit. Действие - процесс, который идет в суде, синоним слов: дело, иск, тяжба. PREPONDERANCE OF EVIDENCE – means that the weight of evidence presented by one side is more convincing to the trier of facts than the evidence presented by the opposing side. Перевес доказательств - означает, что вес доказательств, представленных одной стороной, более убедителен и достаточен для установления фактов, чем доказательства, представленные противоположной стороной. PLAINTIFF – the party who begins an action, complains or sues. Истец - сторона, которая подает иск, жалобу или обращается в суд. COUNTERCLAIM – claim presented by a defendant in opposition to the claim of the plaintiff. Встречный иск – иск, предъявленный ответчиком в качестве возражений на иск истца. COMPLAINT – (crim.) formal written charge that a person has committed a criminal offence; (civ.) initial document filed by a plaintiff which starts the claim against the defendant. Жалоба – официальное письменное обвинение в совершении уголовного преступления; первичный документ, поданный истцом, с которого начинается предъявление иска к ответчику. Упражнение 8.Соотнесите английские выражения с их русскими эквивалентами.
Ответ: 1) evidence for the plaintiff - c) доказательства в пользу истца 2) judgment for the plaintiff - f) судебное решение в пользу истца 3) plaintiff’s claim - d) исковое требование 4) to appear for the plaintiff - e) свидетель, выставленный истцом 5) to call the plaintiff - a) вызывать истца в суд 6) witness by the plaintiff - b) выступать в суде в качестве адвоката истца Упражнение 5.Слово DEFENDANT имеет следующие значения: 1) ответчик civil defendant – ответчик 2) обвиняемый bailed defendant – обвиняемый или подсудимый, освобождённый (из-под стражи) под залог 3) подсудимый judgement for the defendant – судебное решение в пользу ответчика Соотнесите английские выражения с их русскими эквивалентами:
Ответ: 1) convicted defendant - b) осуждённый 2) defendant in custody - a) подсудимый, содержащийся под стражей 3) defendant’s record - c) досье подсудимого 4) defendant’s story - e) версия, выдвинутая обвиняемым 5) defendant’s witness - d) свидетель, выставленный ответчиком Упражнение 9. Напишите ответ на письмо (150-200 слов). Dear Rahul I am pleased to receive such a letter from you. I've been working for this position for a very long time. There were many trials. But I did it. Experience is still small. But everything will come in time. Thank you very much for your congratulations.I'm glad to hear that I inspired you. I hope to motivate you with my actions. I look forward to visiting you. Show you your computer skills. As soon as they get a promotion at work. I will definitely write. Best regards, Rahul  Упражнение 10. Выберите верный вариант ответа. If you ______ that expensive car, you ___ enough money to go on holiday. buy / won’t have bought / don’t have don’t buy / won’t have I know he speaks French, German and Italian so he ________ be Swiss. can’t could should Hundreds of trees were blown over in the night so the wind _______have been very strong. can’t could must “I’m not very sociable. ______.” I don’t So am I Neither am I “Sorry I’m late. __________ for a long time?” Have you waited Are you waiting Have you been waiting Could you tell me where __________? the library is is the library if the library I’m a studying Physics at the moment,_____________? am not I am I aren’t I John ______ your school, wasn’t he? was at went to wasn’t at The interviewer asked _____ drive. can I if I could if I was The dentist _______to make another appointment. told said to me told me You’ll need to ____ an answer to this problem. get on with run out of come up with I want to watch the television news. Could you _______, please? look it up turn it on look for it "There is too _______ traffic on the roads of New York." many much lots of Because of the bad economic situation, 200 workers _______ redundant last month. have been made were being made were made You mustn't _______ photographs inside this church. take make do When I was a boy I _______ live in Sydney. would did used to Don't answer _______ you really know that you are right! unless when с. in case If I won the national lottery, I _______ a sport car. would buy will buy would be bought "Look at that new book he's bought! He _______ spent a fortune on it!" must have must had must have had - Oh no! The phone's not working and I have to call my mother - it's her birthday today. - Is it? Don't worry. _______ you use my mobile. I am letting I'll let I'll be letting Printing _______ in ancient China has been invented was invented was been invented I _______ stop at the traffic lights because they were red. must had to should You look very tired! What __________? did you do have you done have you been doing It's Sunday and so _______ go to work. I don’t have to I mustn’t mustn’t to If I _______, I would have told you. have known know had known Tom and Sue _______ last May. Now she's getting married to Andrew. broke up broke off broke in I asked two people the way to the underground but _______ of them knew. none no neither |