учебник по английскому. УЧЕБНИК. Сборник упражнений по всем разделам английской грамматики. Упражнения основаны на несложной лексике. Они содержат достаточно материала для запоминания основных грамматических форм и выработки навыков их применения.
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Упражнение 521 Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальные глаголы must, may, mightили can't. Они, должно быть, работают за границей. Они, может быть, работают за границей. Может быть, они и работают за границей (хотя едва ли). Не может быть, что они работают за границей. Они, должно быть, работали за границей. Они, может быть, работали за границей. Может быть, они и работали за границей (хотя едва ли). Не может быть, что они работали за границей. Он, должно быть, на работе. Он, должно быть, был на работе. Он, может быть, на работе. Он, может быть, был на работе. Может быть, он и на работе (хотя едва ли). Может быть, он и был на работе (хотя едва ли). Не может быть, что он на работе. Не может быть, что он был на работе. Упражнение 522 Перепишите сначала все предложения, в которых модальный глагол may (might) выражает разрешение, а затем предложения, в которых он выражает предположение. Переведитепредложениянарусскийязык. 1. May I come and see you some day? 2. We asked the teacher if we might use dictionaries. 3. Children may borrow books from the school library. 4. I may show him your reports later. I don't know. 5. Your hair is getting rather thin, sir, may I advise to change your parting1? 6. Mother, may I have a glass of light beer? 7. I may have wrecked my own life, but I will not let you wreck yours. 8. Justice may be slow, mother, but it comes in the end. 9. He may have written the letter, but the signature is certainly not his. 10. It might have been worse. Упражнение 523 Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальный глагол may. • E.g. Possibly you left your book behind. You may have left your book behind. 'parting — пробор 1. Perhaps Nick has left his exercise book at home. 2. Perhaps you left your umbrella in the bus. 3. Perhaps he went to the cafe to wait for us. 4. Perhaps it was Helen who rang you up. 5. Perhaps they came by plane. 6. Perhaps she had a very good English teacher. 7. Perhaps it was too cold for the children to go out. 8. It is possible that he took his children to the zoo. 9. Possibly they did not see us in the crowd. 10. Perhaps Robert used a dictionary. 11. Possibly Mary misunderstood you. 12. Perhaps Henry waited for us there. 13. Possibly Ann returned very late last night. 14. Possibly they have seen the new play. Упражнение 524 Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальный глагол may. 1. Perhaps he is at home, but I am not sure he is. 2. It is possible that we studied at the same school, but I don't remember her. 3. Perhaps she was proud of her knowledge, but she never showed it to her classmates. 4. Perhaps there was a chance for him to win the match. 5. Perhaps Peter was as capable as the old workers, but he was given no chance to show his skill. 6. Perhaps they will come home very soon: be ready. 7. Perhaps the question was too difficult for her. 8. Try this delicious drink: perhaps you will like it. 9. Why didn't Nick ring us up? — It is possible that he forgot about it. 10. It is possible that your brother has never heard about this singer. 11. Perhaps she tried to enter the university, but failed. 12. It is possible that you asked the wrong people, that's why you didn't get the right answer. 13. Perhaps our friends will arrive here tomorrow. Упражнение 525 Вставьтемодальныйглагол may или might. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива. 1. ... I (to ask) you to take off your hat? 2. She asked me if she ... (to turn) on the light. 3. I am afraid it ... (not to stop) raining by the morning. Don't scold her: the task ... (to be) too difficult for her, that's why she made rather many mistakes. If they don't miss the train, they ... (to arrive) in time. 6. Why isn't he here yet? What has happened? — Oh, he ... (to miss) the train. 7. He ... (to do) very hard work. That's why he looks so tired now. 8. Don't throw the rest of the birthday cake. He ... (to want) it for dessert. 9. It's raining cats and dogs. ... I (to borrow) your umbrella, please? 10. Do you know where I left the car keys? — You ... (to leave) them in the garage. 11. They don't know where the money has gone. It ... (to steal). Упражнение 526 Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол may. 1. Может быть, это неправда. 2. Может быть, он занят. 3. Может быть, они знают. 4. Может быть, он все еще за границей. 5. Может быть, она опоздает. 6. Может быть, он сдаст экзамен. 7. Может быть, мы поедем на Волгу. 8. Может быть, она придет завтра. 9. Может быть, я куплю эту книгу в Москве. 10. Возможно, она пришлет нам телеграмму. 11. Возможно, они забудут принести газету. 12. Может быть, он уже сделал уроки. Может быть, моя сестра уже поговорила с ними. Возможно, они уехали за границу. 15. Возможно, мой брат забыл позвонить вам. 16. Возможно, она уже купила билеты. 17. Может быть, бабуш- 424 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ Модальные глаголы 425 ка спит. 18. Может быть, дети играют у реки. 19. Возможно, они сейчас как раз обсуждают этот вопрос. 20. Возможно, они как раз сейчас обедают. 21. Может быть, он сейчас лежит на траве и смотрит на облака. Упражнение 527 Перепишите сначала все предложения, в которых модальный глагол mustвыражает долженствование, а затем предложения, в которых он выражает предположение. Переведитепредложениянарусскийязык. 1. You must take a taxi if you want to catch that train. 2. You must tell your mother about it. 3. But she must have seen him! 4. Oh, John, think how she must be suffering! 5. Is she waiting? She must have been waiting for an hour. 6. "Oh, Auntie," he answered, "you mustn't talk like that." 7. And remember, you must come and see the baby as soon as you can. 8. You must go home now, Georgie. 9. You must be a fool to think so. 10. The work must have been carried out in secret for quite a long time. 11. The question must be solved before we begin doing anything. 12. Mind, you mustn't spend all the money. Упражнение 528 Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальный глагол must. • E.g. Probably I left my textbook in the classroom. I must have left my textbook in the classroom. 1. Probably you left your exercise book at school. 2. Evidently she has left the town. 3. Probably Mike has gone to the teachers' room. 4. Probably Tom and Nick are playing football. 5. Probably Helen has got a bad mark. 6. Evidently they have solved the prob- lem. 7. Evidently the pupils have finished writing their composition. 8. Obviously he forgot to warn them. 9. Evidently the meeting was cancelled. Evidently he forgot to send them a telegram. Evidently there was something wrong with the tape recorder. 12. Probably I left my bag in the canteen. 13. Probably you left your umbrella in the bus. 14. Probably Mary forgot to call me. 15. Probably mother took my umbrella. 16. Probably I have seen you before: your face is familiar to me. Упражнение 529 Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальный глагол must. 1. I think it is time for the bell to ring. 2. I am almost sure they have this book in the library. 3. Probably he recognized you by your photo in the papers. 4. He is sure to be in at this time. 5. Of course, she is trying to help you. 6. She is certain to be waiting for you at home. 7. Probably he was already ill. 8. There is little doubt that the first experiment failed. 9. No doubt, she knew what she was going to do. 10. I am sure she is fond of the child. They are sure to have taken the wrong turning. Probably he was taken there by car. Упражнение 530 Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальный глагол must. 1. Probably they have changed the school curriculum. My granddaughter knows a great deal more than I did when I was her age. 2. It is probably a very difficult rule. 3.1 am sure it is pleasant to spend summer in such a picturesque place. 4. You have probably read books of this author before. 5. I feel sure 426 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ Модальные глаголы427 they are preparing a surprise for us. 6. These old legends were probably composed about a thousand years ago. 7. It is probably nine o'clock now. 8. He is very old. I think he is nearly eighty. 9. It is probably time to go now. 10. You have been absent very long. I am sure you feel hungry. 11. Where are the children? — They are at the river with Nick. I am sure they are having a very good time. 12. He has probably worked very hard to finish his book. 13. She is a very experienced doctor. I am sure she has been working at this hospital for at least fifteen years. 14. Look! Helen's windows are open. I feel sure she is at home. 15. The Smiths have always been great football fans. I am sure they are at the stadium watching the football match. Упражнение 531 Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива. 1. She must (to be) mad if she thinks he is going to lend her any more money. 2. They must (to be) upset when they heard the news. 3. You must (to come) and (to visit) us soon. It would be so nice to see you again. 4. It's the third time he's been playing the piano today. He must really (to enjoy) it. 5. Oh, look how white and clean everything is! It must (to snow) at night. 6. Oh, you are all in snow, you look like a snowman. It must (to snow) heavily. 7. Look, what huge snowdrifts there are everywhere, and the path is covered with knee-deep snow. It must (to snow) for several hours already. 8. You look fresh! You must (to have) a good sleep at night. 9. You look very tired. You must (to have) a good sleep at night. 10. He knows mathematics much better than he did last year. He must (to work) a lot in summer. 11. Your mathematics is very poor. You must (to work) at it in summer. 12. Where is Peter? — Oh, he must (to read) in the library. He is getting ready for a very difficult exam. 13. You must (to study) English for several years already. Your language is very good. Упражнение 532 Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол must. 1. Должно быть, он знает несколько иностранных языков. 2. Должно быть, он сейчас работает над своим новым романом. 3. Наверное, они сейчас наслаждаются прекрасной погодой. 4. Наверное, она пытается найти старые письма. 5. Вероятно, они сейчас любуются красотой южной природы. 6. Вероятно, он уже вернулся с юга. 7. Наверное, она потеряла мой адрес. 8. Должно быть, они уже закончили свою работу. 9. Вероятно, он все рассказал на суде. 10. Должно быть, она все приготовила заранее. 11. Должно быть, он еще здесь. 12. Должно быть, они только что пришли. 13. По-видимому, он унес бумаги с собой. 14. Очевидно, здесь уже кто-то был. 15. Вероятно, они над ним смеются. 16. Должно быть, они тогда жили здесь. 17. Должно быть, идет дождь. 18. Вероятно, это здесь. Обратите внимание: Не hadtogo. — Ему пришлось уйти. Не musthavegone. — Он, должно быть, ушел. Упражнение 533 Переведите на русский язык. 1. Не must be trying to find the lost stamp. 2. You must try to find the lost stamp. 3. He must 428 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ Модальные глаголы 429 have taken it. 4. Не had to take it. 5. She must be the youngest child in this group. 6. If you want to become a good football player, you must be an all-round athlete. 7. I had to read the letter twice before I understood it. 8. He must have read the letter many times. 9. What must you think of me? 10. They must be talking about us. Упражнение 534 Переведитенаанглийскийязык, употребляямодальныеглаголы must или to have to. Употребляйте tohaveto только в тех случаях, когда must употребить нельзя. 1. Я должна прочесть эту книгу. 2. Она, должно быть, читает эту книгу. 3. Мама была больна, и мне пришлось вести сестру в школу. 4. Они, должно быть, играют во дворе. 5. Я должен был пойти в аптеку купить лекарства. 6. Должно быть, она пошла в аптеку. 7. Вы должны поговорить с ней. Должно быть, они сейчас разговаривают об этом. Мне пришлось написать об этом сестре. 10. Она, должно быть, написала сестре. 11. Он действительно плохо себя чувствует (в плохой спортивной форме). Он должен побольше двигаться. 12. Ты, должно быть, Анина подруга. 13. Дети все еще не дома. — Их, должно быть, задержали в школе. 14. Мне пришлось самой решать свои проблемы. 15. Мы должны были оставить свой дом. 16. Он, должно быть, шутит! Упражнение 535 Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальные глаголы must, tohaveto или tobeto. 1. Должно быть, он очень умен. 2. Должно быть, он вас узнал. 3. Ему предстояло пойти к директо- ру и объяснить свое поведение. 4. Вам придется поговорить с ней. 5. Им пришлось очень долго идти пешком. 6. Ему не придется переписывать сочинение. 7. Должно быть, он пишет ее портрет. 8. Вероятно, они уже ушли. 9. Ему предстояло совершить удивительное открытие. 10. Мне предстоит сделать много работы сегодня. 11. Мне пришлось идти туда самому. 12. Вам придется немного подождать. 13. Когда он должен прийти? (как вы договорились?) 14. Поезд должен был прибыть через несколько минут. 15. К сожалению, они не смогли пойти на вечеринку. Маме пришлось ждать водопроводчика. Папе пришлось работать допоздна в офисе. Тете пришлось позаботиться о маленьких детях. Дяде пришлось ремонтировать машину. Не повезло! Обратите внимание, что в вопросительных предложениях глагол CAN может выражать недоумение (неужели...?) Can she have spent all the money? — Неужели она истратила все деньги? Упражнение 536 Произнесите вслух все возможные предложения, используя приведенные ниже подстановочные таблицы. (Упражнение на выработку автоматизации речи.) Переведите каждое предложение на русский язык.
ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ Модальные глаголы 431
Упражнение 537 Перепишите сначала предложения, в которых модальный глагол сап выражает возможность, затем предложения, в которых он выражает вежливую просьбу, затем предложения, в которых он выражает недоумение, и, наконец, предложения, в которых модальный глагол can'tимеет значение „не может быть." Переведитепредложениянарусский 1. "But they can't be as bad as he!" 2. Can you tell me the way to the nearest post office? 3. A little bit of boiled fish can't hurt you, you know. 4. Could you help me with the translation of this article? I am afraid I cannot do it alone. 6. He shut himself up in the study for the whole day, and I could see through the window that he was writing busily. 6. Can she have been waiting for us all this time? 7. She can't come tomorrow because they will be working the whole day. 8. I simply could not refuse: they would have been hurt. 9. He was not old. He couldn't have been more than forty. 10. Could you leave the boy here for half an hour? I want him to help me. 11. "Oh!" she cried in surprise, "it's impossible! You can't have done it!" 12. The island can be reached by boat or even on foot when the tide is low. Упражнение 538 Скажите, что, на ваш взгляд, эти события не могли произойти. • E.g. Yesterday I saw Pete in the assembly hall. You can't have seen Pete in the assembly hall yesterday. 1. The teacher permitted us to use the dictionary. 2. Nick got up at seven and did his morning exercises. 3. It was Kate who aired the room. 4. There were a lot of pupils in the library yesterday. 5. It was John who broke the radio set. 6. I saw Ann in the library yesterday. 7. Boris was in the canteen five minutes ago. 8. Robert took two bags with him. 9. That was Ann who plugged in the tape recorder. 10. Nick has been doing the recording for two hours already. 11. It was Mary who rewound the tape. 12. The teacher let me take the tape home. Упражнение 539 Скажите, что, на ваш взгляд, эти события не могли произойти. • E.g. This old bracelet was found in Africa. This old bracelet can't have been found in Africa. 1. This car was produced twenty years ago. 2. These photographs were taken in the north. 3. This tape recording was done last week. 4. James was given an excellent mark in history. 5. Ann was given an excellent mark for her geometry test. 6. This house was built at the beginning of this century. 432 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ Модальные глаголы 433 7. This tower was built in the 9th century. 8. This book was written by a very good writer. 9. This film was made by a very good director. 10. This play was written by a very clever playwright. 11. This film has been shot in a fortnight. 12. This book was translated into Russian in the 19th century. 13. This castle was built in the 15th century. 14. This picture was painted by an Italian artist. 15. This computer was built ten years ago. |