4 Краткий отчет о практике (приложение 1). Строки с таким выделением

• Название: Строки с таким выделением
• Дата: 22.11.2021
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• Имя файла: 4 Краткий отчет о практике (приложение 1).doc
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Создание листа рассылки

Выполним

LANG=C sudo newlist mailman

Enter the email of the person running the list:

Введем адрес администратора листа рассылки

[e-mail]

Initial mailman password:

Введем пароль, который будет использоваться при администрировании листа рассылки (замените на свой)



Hit enter to notify mailman owner…

Нажмите Enter.

Добавим в таблицу forwardings базы данных mail следующие записи:

source	destination
[e-mail]	[e-mail]
[e-mail]	[e-mail]
[e-mail]	[e-mail]
[e-mail]	[e-mail]
[e-mail]	[e-mail]
[e-mail]	[e-mail]
[e-mail]	[e-mail]
[e-mail]	[e-mail]
[e-mail]	[e-mail]
[e-mail]	[e-mail]

mysql -u mail_admin -p

Enter password:

Введем пароль



use mail;

INSERT INTO `forwardings` (`source`, `destination`) VALUES ('[e-mail]', '[e-mail] ');

INSERT INTO `forwardings` (`source`, `destination`) VALUES ('[e-mail]', '[e-mail] ');

INSERT INTO `forwardings` (`source`, `destination`) VALUES ('[e-mail]', '[e-mail] ');

INSERT INTO `forwardings` (`source`, `destination`) VALUES ('[e-mail]', '[e-mail] ');

INSERT INTO `forwardings` (`source`, `destination`) VALUES ('[e-mail]', '[e-mail] ');

INSERT INTO `forwardings` (`source`, `destination`) VALUES ('[e-mail]', '[e-mail] ');

INSERT INTO `forwardings` (`source`, `destination`) VALUES ('[e-mail]', '[e-mail] ');

INSERT INTO `forwardings` (`source`, `destination`) VALUES ('[e-mail]', '[e-mail] ');

INSERT INTO `forwardings` (`source`, `destination`) VALUES ('[e-mail]', '[e-mail] ');

INSERT INTO `forwardings` (`source`, `destination`) VALUES ('[e-mail]', '[e-mail] );

quit;

Перезапуcтим mailman

LANG=C sudo /etc/init.d/mailman stop

LANG=C sudo /etc/init.d/mailman start

Нам нужно вставить в DNS-зону для нашего домена запись типа

lists CNAME oban.aaa.ru.

чтобы у нас был доступ к нашим спискам рассылки через веб.

Не забудьте увеличить порядковый номер в записи SOA зоны

Теперь мы можем зайти с паролем администратора листа mailman браузером на http://lists.aaa.ru для дальнейшей настройки листа рассылки.

Прочие листы рассылки добавляются аналогично.

Установка автоответчика

Создадим файл ./autoresponse следующего содержания (отличие от варианта, лежащего на http://nefaria.com/project_index/autoresponse/ в том, что для совместимости с mailman мы используем -autoresponse вместо +autoresponse):

nano /autoresponse

#!/bin/bash

#+--------------------------------------------------------+

#|autoresponse 1.6.3 - an autoresponder script for postfix|

#| Charles Hamilton - [e-mail] |

#| This program is GNU/GPL software |

#+--------------------------------------------------------+

 

shopt -s -o nounset

shopt -s extglob

 

if [ "${#}" -eq "0" ]; then

printf "%s\n" "Autoresponse v. 1.6.2"

printf "%s\n" "Type -h for help"

exit 0

fi

 

declare RECIPIENT="unset"

declare SENDER="unset"

declare SASL_USERNAME="unset"

declare CLIENT_IP="unset"

declare AUTHENTICATED="unset"

declare AUTORESPONSE_MESSAGE="unset"

declare DISABLE_AUTORESPONSE="unset"

declare ENABLE_AUTORESPONSE="unset"

declare DELETE_AUTORESPONSE="unset"

declare SEND_RESPONSE="unset"

declare RESPONSES_DIR="/var/spool/autoresponse/responses"

declare SENDMAIL="/usr/sbin/sendmail"

declare RATE_LOG_DIR="/var/spool/autoresponse/log"

declare LOGGER="/usr/bin/logger"

#There are two different modes of operation:

# MODE="0" represents the actions that can not be executed from the command line

# MODE="1" represents the actions that can be executed from the command line

declare MODE="0"

#Time limit, in seconds that determines how often an

#autoresponse will be sent, per e-mail address (3600 = 1 hour, 86400 = 1 day)

declare RESPONSE_RATE="86400"

 

while getopts "r:s:S:C:e:d:E:D:h" SWITCH; do

case "${SWITCH}" in

r) #Set the recipient's address

RECIPIENT="`echo ${OPTARG} | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'`"

SEND_RESPONSE="1"

;;

s) #Set the sender's address

SENDER="`echo ${OPTARG} | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'`"

SEND_RESPONSE="1"

;;

S) #If SASL_USERNAME exists then the user was authenticated

SASL_USERNAME="${OPTARG}"

if [ -z "${SASL_USERNAME}" ]; then

AUTHENTICATED="0"

else

AUTHENTICATED="1"

fi

;;

C) #IP address of client (sender)

CLIENT_IP="${OPTARG}"

;;

e) #Set the filename of the user's autoresponse message

#This is used for creating/editing new autoresponse messages

AUTORESPONSE_MESSAGE="${OPTARG}"

MODE="1"

;;

d) #Disable an existing autoresponse message

DISABLE_AUTORESPONSE="${OPTARG}"

MODE="1"

;;

E) #Enable an existing autoresponse message

ENABLE_AUTORESPONSE="${OPTARG}"

MODE="1"

;;

D) #Delete an existing autoresponse message

DELETE_AUTORESPONSE="${OPTARG}"

MODE="1"

;;

h|*) #Print the help dialog and exit

echo -e "\n${0} [-r {recipient email} -s {sender email} -S {sasl username} -C {client ip}] [-e {email address}] [-d {email address}] [-E {email address}] [-D {email address}] [-h]\n"

echo -e " -r, -s, -S, and optionally -C must be used together to specify a recipient, sender, sasl username, and client IP of an autoresponse message."

echo -e " Normally you configure these in postfix's \"master.cf\" but they can be used from the terminal as well (only for testing purposes!)."

echo -e " If this is executed from a terminal, you'll need to hit CTRL-D when you are finished typing your autoresponse message.\n"

echo " -e is used to create a new autoresponse or edit an existing one for the specified user."

echo -e " If a disabled autoresponse message exists, it will be ignored and a new message will be created.\n"

echo -e " -d is used to disable an existing active autoresponse message.\n"

echo " -E is used to enable an existing autoresponse message. If both a disabled AND and an active autoresponse message exist,"

echo -e " the active message will be overwritten by the disabled one.\n"

echo -e " -D is used to delete an existing autoresponse message, it will not delete disabled autoresponse messages.\n"

echo -e " -h prints this help menu\n"

exit 0

;;

esac

done

 

#If a SASL authenticated user wants to set their autoresponse message via e-mail...

if [ "${AUTHENTICATED}" = "1" ] && [ "${RECIPIENT/@*/}" = "${SENDER/@*/-autoresponse}" ] && [ "${MODE}" = "0" ]; then

if [ -f "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${SENDER}" ]; then

#Delete a user's existing autoresponse message.

(${0} -D "${SENDER}")

if [ ! -f "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${SENDER}" ]; then

${LOGGER} -i -t autoresponse -p mail.notice "Autoresponse disabled for address: ${SENDER} by SASL authenticated user: ${SASL_USERNAME} from: ${CLIENT_IP}"

(echo -e "From: ${RECIPIENT}\nTo: ${SENDER}\nSubject: Out of Office\n\n"

echo "Autoresponse disabled for ${SENDER} by SASL authenticated user: ${SASL_USERNAME} from: ${CLIENT_IP}") | ${SENDMAIL} -i -f "${RECIPIENT}" "${SENDER}"

else

${LOGGER} -i -t autoresponse -p mail.notice "Autoresponse could not be disabled for address: ${SENDER}"

fi

elif [ ! -f "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${SENDER}" ]; then

#Read from STDIN and save this as the user's autoresponse message.

#This will overwrite any pre-existing autoresponse messages!

cat > "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${SENDER}"

if [ -f "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${SENDER}" ]; then

${LOGGER} -i -t autoresponse -p mail.notice "Autoresponse enabled for address: ${SENDER} by SASL authenticated user: ${SASL_USERNAME} from: ${CLIENT_IP}"

(echo -e "From: ${RECIPIENT}\nTo: ${SENDER}\nSubject: Out of Office\n\n"

echo "Autoresponse enabled for ${SENDER} by SASL authenticated user: ${SASL_USERNAME} from: ${CLIENT_IP}") | ${SENDMAIL} -i -f "${RECIPIENT}" "${SENDER}"

else

${LOGGER} -i -t autoresponse -p mail.notice "Autoresponse could not be enabled for address: ${SENDER}"

fi

fi

#Log any unauthenticated shenanigans. We're attempting to prevent two scenarios here:

#

#(1) A user sends an e-mail to [e-mail] from [e-mail] through an open relay

# in an unauthorized attempt to set an autoresponse for the real [e-mail]. The open relay

# will relay the message but because it will not authenticate with the mail server for domain.tld

# AUTHENTICATED will equal 0 and the user portion of the recipient address will equal user-autoresponse.

# Since we do not allow unauthenticated users to set autoresponse messages, we log this attempt as

# suspicious and exit cleanly so that postfix doesn't generate a bounce message.

#

#(2) A user sends e-mail to [e-mail] from [e-mail] through a mail server

# that requires authentication, (but allows relaying) and has autoresponse configured. This will result in

# an autoresponse toggle message being sent to the real [e-mail], notifying them that their

# autoresponse message has been enabled or disabled when in fact it has not. This scenario is rarer

# than the first and it is mainly meant to protect against compromised accounts and/or potential abuse

# by legitimate users of the rogue mail server.

#

elif [ "${AUTHENTICATED}" = "0" ] && [ "${RECIPIENT/@*/}" = "${SENDER/@*/-autoresponse}" ] || [ "${SENDER/@*/-autoresponse}" = "${RECIPIENT/@*/-autoresponse-autoresponse}" ] && [ "${MODE}" = "0" ]; then

${LOGGER} -i -t autoresponse -p mail.warning "Unauthenticated attempt to set autoresponse message for ${SENDER/-autoresponse/} from ${CLIENT_IP}!"

exit 0

#Finally, if the user recipient address does not equal user-autoresponse then we assume that it's

#just a normal message. We check to see if the recipient has an autoresponse message set; if one

#has not already been sent to the sender within our timeframe, we send it and then we deliver the

#original message to the original recipient.

elif [ "${RECIPIENT/@*/}" != "${SENDER/@*/-autoresponse}" ] && [ "${MODE}" = "0" ]; then

rate_log_check() {

#Only send one autoresponse per e-mail address per the time limit (in seconds) designated by the RESPONSE_RATE variable

if [ -f "${RATE_LOG_DIR}/${RECIPIENT}/${SENDER}" ]; then

declare ELAPSED_TIME=`echo $[\`date +%s\` - \`stat -c %X "${RATE_LOG_DIR}/${RECIPIENT}/${SENDER}"\`]`

if [ "${ELAPSED_TIME}" -lt "${RESPONSE_RATE}" ]; then

${LOGGER} -i -t autoresponse -p mail.notice "An autoresponse has already been sent from ${RECIPIENT} to ${SENDER} within the last ${RESPONSE_RATE} seconds"

SEND_RESPONSE=0

fi

fi

}

if [ -f "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${RECIPIENT}" ]; then

rate_log_check

#If SEND_RESPONSE still equals "1" after the rate_log_check function, send an autoresponse.

if [ "${SEND_RESPONSE}" = "1" ] && [ "${RECIPIENT}" != "${SENDER}" ]; then

(cat "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${RECIPIENT}") | sed -e "0,/^$/ { s/^To:.*/To: <${SENDER}>/ }" -e '0,/^$/ { /^Date:/ d }' | ${SENDMAIL} -i -f "${RECIPIENT}" "${SENDER}"

mkdir -p "${RATE_LOG_DIR}/${RECIPIENT}"

touch "${RATE_LOG_DIR}/${RECIPIENT}/${SENDER}"

${LOGGER} -i -t autoresponse -p mail.notice "Autoresponse sent from ${RECIPIENT} to ${SENDER}"

fi

fi

exec ${SENDMAIL} -i -f "${SENDER}" "${RECIPIENT}"

fi

#Check to see if we are editing or creating a new autoresponse for a user.

#This should only be used from the command line unlike -D, -d, and -E which

#could be used via postfix pipe or in other areas where no user interaction

#is required.

if [ "${AUTORESPONSE_MESSAGE}" != "unset" ] && [ "${MODE}" = "1" ]; then

#Check to see if an autoresponse message exists for the email address specified by the "AUTORESPONSE_MESSAGE" parameter, if one exists

#then edit the existing one, if one does not exist, create a new one. This action will ignore any disabled autoresponse messages.

if [ -f "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${AUTORESPONSE_MESSAGE}" ]; then

vi "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${AUTORESPONSE_MESSAGE}"

elif ! [ -f "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${AUTORESPONSE_MESSAGE}" ]; then

vi "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${AUTORESPONSE_MESSAGE}"

if [ -f "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${AUTORESPONSE_MESSAGE}" ]; then

#Insert our mail headers; people who will be setting autoresponses from the command line

#hopefully will know better than to screw with these when editing an existing autoresponse.

sed -i "1i\From: ${AUTORESPONSE_MESSAGE}\nTo: THIS GETS REPLACED\nSubject: Out Of Office\n\n" "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${AUTORESPONSE_MESSAGE}"

fi

fi

if [ -f "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${AUTORESPONSE_MESSAGE}" ]; then

chown autoresponse.autoresponse "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${AUTORESPONSE_MESSAGE}"

chmod 600 "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${AUTORESPONSE_MESSAGE}"

else

echo "Editing ${RESPONSES_DIR}/${AUTORESPONSE_MESSAGE} aborted!"

exit 1

fi

#Are we disabling an existing autoresponse message?

elif [ "${DISABLE_AUTORESPONSE}" != "unset" ] && [ "${MODE}" = "1" ]; then

if [ -f "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${DISABLE_AUTORESPONSE}" ]; then

mv -i "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${DISABLE_AUTORESPONSE}" "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${DISABLE_AUTORESPONSE}_DISABLED"

elif ! [ -f "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${DISABLE_AUTORESPONSE}" ]; then

echo "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${DISABLE_AUTORESPONSE} does not exist thus, it cannot be disabled!"

exit 1

fi

#Are we enabling an existing autoresponse message?

elif [ "${ENABLE_AUTORESPONSE}" != "unset" ] && [ "${MODE}" = "1" ]; then

if [ -f "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${ENABLE_AUTORESPONSE}_DISABLED" ]; then

mv -i "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${ENABLE_AUTORESPONSE}_DISABLED" "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${ENABLE_AUTORESPONSE}"

elif ! [ -f "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${ENABLE_AUTORESPONSE}_DISABLED" ]; then

echo "There is no disabled autoresponse for ${ENABLE_AUTORESPONSE}"

exit 1

fi

#Are we deleting an existing autoresponse message (this does not delete disabled autoresponse messages)?

elif [ "${DELETE_AUTORESPONSE}" != "unset" ] && [ "${MODE}" = "1" ]; then

if [ -f "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${DELETE_AUTORESPONSE}" ]; then

rm "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${DELETE_AUTORESPONSE}"

elif ! [ -f "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${DELETE_AUTORESPONSE}" ]; then

echo "${RESPONSES_DIR}/${DELETE_AUTORESPONSE} does not exist thus, it cannot be deleted!"

exit 1

fi

fi

#===КОНЕЦ ФАЙЛА===

Выполним

sudo useradd -d /var/spool/autoresponse -s `which nologin` autoresponse

sudo mkdir -p /var/spool/autoresponse/log /var/spool/autoresponse/responses

sudo cp /autoresponse /usr/local/sbin/

sudo chown -R autoresponse.autoresponse /var/spool/autoresponse

sudo chmod -R 0770 /var/spool/autoresponse

Откроем файл /etc/postfix/master.cf

sudo nano /etc/postfix/master.cf

и найдем строку

smtp inet n - - - - smtpd

сразу после нее вставим

-o content_filter=autoresponder:dummy

(она должна начинаться хотя бы с одного пробела)

В конце файла вставляем

autoresponder unix - n n - - pipe

flags=Fq user=autoresponse argv=/usr/local/sbin/autoresponse -s ${sender} -r ${recipient} -S ${sasl_username} -C ${client_address}

(это две строки, причем вторая строка должна начинаться хотя бы с одного пробела)

Выполняем команды

sudo postconf -e 'autoresponder_destination_recipient_limit = 1'

sudo postconf -e 'recipient_delimiter = - '

и перезагружаем postfix

sudo /etc/init.d/postfix restart

Теперь для того, чтобы при Вашем отсутствии на работе (например, отпуск) всем, кто послал Вам письмо, автоматически отправлялось сообщение о Вашем отсутствии, нужно послать по адресу <ваш логин>[e-mail] то письмо, которое Вы хотите установить в качестве автоответчика, например [e-mail] (здесь и далее замените aaa.ru на Ваш домен).

Если все прошло нормально, Вы получите ответ с темой «Out Of Office» следующего содержания: «Autoresponse enabled for [e-mail] by SASL authenticated user: [e-mail] from: x.x.x.x», где x.x.x.x - IP-адрес хоста, с которого было отправлено письмо.

Теперь при посылке Вам письма все автоматически в ответ будут получать то письмо, которое вы установили в качестве автоответчика, сами письма будут сохраняться у Вас в папке «Входящие» как обычно.

Для того, чтобы убрать сообщение автоответчка, пошлите еще раз любое письмо на адрес <ваш логин>[e-mail] и Вы получите в ответ письмо с темой «Out Of Office» следующего содержания: «Autoresponse disabled for [e-mail] by SASL authenticated user: [e-mail] from: x.x.x.x», где x.x.x.x - IP-адрес хоста, с которого было отправлено письмо.

Каждому корреспонденту автоответ будет отсылаться не чаще, чем раз в сутки, даже если он пошлет Вам несколько писем.

Письма для включения/выключения автоответчика должны быть посланы с Вашего адреса, иначе они не «сработают».