Unit 3 времена группы continuous active and passive
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UNIT 3 ВРЕМЕНА ГРУППЫ CONTINUOUS ACTIVE AND PASSIVE Уже из названия этой группы времен видно, что основным грамматическим значением является длительность, процесс действия. Глагол, который употребляется в форме Continuous означает, что действие происходит определенный момент времени. В зависимости от времени протекания действия различают: Present Continuous – настоящее продолженное (настоящее длительное), употребляется для выражения действия, события, которое происходит в настоящий момент. На это могут указывать такие слова, как now, at the moment. Past Continuous – прошедшее продолженное (прошедшее длительное), употребляется для выражения определённого действия, протекавшего в определённый момент в прошлом (ни начало, ни конец действия не известны). Future Continuous – будущее продолженное (будущее длительное), употребляется для выражения действия в определённый момент в будущем, на это могут указывать слова tomorrow, next year и т.д.
ВРЕМЕНА ГРУППЫ PERFECT ACTIVE AND PASSIVE Времена группы Perfect используются для обозначения действий, которые уже завершились к какому-то периоду времени. Совершенное время подразумевает наличие результата, который сохраняется к моменту его упоминания. Present Perfect используется для обозначения действия, которое завершилось к настоящему: Ihave just opened the book. – Я только что открыл книгу; когда действие относится к прошлому, но имеет связь с настоящим: IhaveneverbeentoJapan. – Я никогда не был в Японии; когда имеется незавершённый отрезок времени: IhaveseenJanethisweek. – Я видел Джейн на этой неделе. У времен группы Present Perfect также своеобразные «маркеры времени», которые определяют завершенность действия: never (никогда), ever (когда-либо), already (уже), just (только), since (с тех пор), yet (ещё), for (в течение). Past Perfect используется для обозначения действия, которое совершилось до определённого момента или до другого действия в прошлом, например: Kate had done her report, when John came). У времен группы Perfect также своеобразные «слова-подсказки», которые определяют завершенность действия: never (никогда), ever (когда-либо), already (уже), just (только), since (с тех пор), yet (ещё), for (в течение). Future Perfect используется для обозначения действия, которое будет закончено к определённому моменту или другому действию в будущем. I will have finished my report tomorrow by 6 o’clock. – Я закончу завтра доклад к 6 часам.
Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на время и залог сказуемого. 1. Sandra is working hard today. 2. We are building our own house. 3. The economic situation is getting worse. 4. Helen is not playing a new piano. 5. Rosie is talking about her relatives. 6. The children not (to read) books at all. 7. She (to drink) water. 8. I (to water) flowers twice a week. 9. Her husband (to work) every day. 10. When she (to clean) the flat. 11. Our grandmother (to live) in the village. 12. My mother (to cook) very tasty. 13. You are skating now. You aren’t playing snowballs now. 14. The cat is running after the mouse. 15. Are you looking through the papers? — No, Гm not. I’m writing a report for the conference now. Образуйте форму Participle I от следующих глаголов. to travel, to prepare, to look, to begin, to stop, to read, to make, to look, to speak, to eat, to get, to wash, to smile, to sleep. Образуйте форму Participle II от следующих глаголов. to choose, to paint, to understand, to play, to swim, to translate, to write, to see, to listen. Раскройте скобки, употребив Present Continuous, Past Continuous или Future Continuous. 1.I (to study) German online from 5 till 6 tomorrow evening. 2. The sun (to shine) brightly now. 3. I (to write) a lot of Christmas card tomorrow evening. 4. We (to sit) in the garden at 3 o’clock yesterday afternoon. 5. My mother (to plant) flowers in the garden last May. 6. The secretary (to type) a contract now. 7. She wrote she (to arrive) on Sunday. 8. Nick and Susan will be driving to Berlin at this time next Monday. 9. His father (not to watch) TV at the moment. 10. Who (to make) breakfast for you now? 11. My little sister (to sleep) at this time yesterday. 12. This time next week (to cross) the Pacific Ocean. Составьте предложения. Обращайте внимание на порядок слов. 1. are / My grandparents / in /gathering / the garden / fruits. 2. was / a book / He / reading / came / they / came. 3. I / for / was / At weekend/ preparing / my exams. 4. computer / at the moment / playing / The children / are / games. 5. in / I / Southern America / August / travelling / will be. 6. were / The children / walking / it / when / rain / started. 7. are/ together / not / working / We. 8. now / the article / is / The student / writing. 9.at / for / will be / I / waiting / 5 o’clock / you. 10. bread / for / to / am / I / going / the store. Прочитайте предложения и переведите. Проанализируйте сказуемое (залог, время). She will have finished her resume by Monday. Have we been to the theatre? A new website had been created by a developer by the last week. I had finished the cleaning before he returned. We will have translated the article before the teacher comes. After we had discussed all details on the phone I wrote a letter about it. Have the new words been written down? My test has already been checked by the teacher. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в форме Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future Perfect. Предложения переведите. 1. Jane (lose) her keys. She can’t open the door. 2. He (to be) to London many times. 3. When the man woke up in the evening, the rain already (stop). 4. I hope I (finish) my work by night. 5. My friend was so happy because his dream (come) true. 6. We (return) just from the journey. PART II. SPEAKING Прочитайте и выучите следующие слова к тексту 3 A. Обратите внимание на произношение.
Прочитайте имена собственные к тексту 3 А. Обратите внимание на произношение. Dormition Cathedral – Успенский собор the Chokana Valikhanova Street – улица Чокана Валиханова Plumber Stepanych Monument – памятник сантехнику Степанычу Lyuba Monument – статуя «Люба» Irtysh Embankment – Иртышская Набережная Natural Park “Bird Harbor – природный парк «Птичья гавань» Omsk Drama Theatre – Омский Драматический театр the Theatre of young Spectators – театр юного зрителя the Musical Theatre – Музыкальный театр the Puppet Theatre – кукольный театр the Fifth Theatre – Пятый театр Omsk State Museum of History and Local Lore – Омский государственный историко-краеведческий музей Omsk State University – Омский государственный университет Omsk State Pedagogical University – Омский государственный педагогический университет Omsk State Agrarian University – Омский государственный аграрный университет Omsk State Technical University – Омский государственный технический университет Siberian State Automobile and Highway Academy – Сибирская государственная автомобильно-дорожная академия Sibirian State Academy of Physical Culture – Сибирская государственная академия физической культуры Прочитайте текст и переведите его. Текст 3 А Omsk is located in southwestern Siberia and it is the administrative center of Omsk Region. It was founded in 1716 as a fortress by a colonel of regiment Ivan Bukholts (Johann Buchholz). The first Omsk fortress was built on the left bank of the river Om. Tourists can walk along the Chokana Valikhanova Street – a pedestrian street located in the historic part of Omsk. The street is decorated with abstract architectural forms, flower beds, wrought-iron lanterns. The walking area ends with an observation deck with a picturesque view of the Irtysh River. Our city has a special charm thanks to the original sculptures: Plumber Stepanych Monument, Lyuba Monument. It has a real prototype – Lyubov Gasford, the wife of the Governor-General of Siberia, who lived in Omsk in the 19th century and died at a young age due to illness. One of the streets of Omsk and the park are named in her memory. She is a local symbol of femininity and beauty. An example of the old architecture is a fire-lookout tower in the center of Omsk. Perhaps, in the past there were many of suchlike buildings, but nowadays the tower looks out of the ordinary. Irtysh Embankment – the main walking street of Omsk with a picturesque view of the Irtysh River. You can walk here on foot, ride rollerblades or a bike. Natural Park “Bird Harbor” – a specially protected area located on the path of bird migration in the central part of Omsk. During autumn flights, up to 3 thousand birds stop here for rest. It is a great place to enjoy nature and observe the life of birds. Omsk is a real cultural center. There are many sights in Omsk: beautiful churches, historic buildings, theatres. Dormition Cathedral – the largest church in Omsk is located in the very center of the city. The Drama Theatre is the leading city theatre and a masterpiece of architecture. It was built in 1905. Omsk Drama Theatre is famous not only in Siberia, but all over the country. There is the Theatre of young Spectators, Musical Theatre, the Puppet Theatre, and the Fifth Theatre and so on. One can visit many interesting museums, for example one of the oldest museums in Siberia Omsk State Museum of History and Local Lore. It was founded in 1878 and has over 200 thousand various objects of cultural, historical and artistic value. If you are interested in fine arts, you can go to the Picture Gallery in the center of the city. One of the largest museums of fine arts in Siberia is Omsk Regional Museum of Fine Arts named after M.A. Vrubel. It has collections of foreign and Russian art from antiquity to the present day. Those who come to Omsk as tourists will see old and modern buildings, the past and the present are mixed together. There are a lot of plants and factories in Omsk. One of them is the oil refinery plant. Light industry is also developing in our city. Many notable citizens were lived in Omsk: Explorer of Siberia Grigory Potanin, Dmitry Karbishev, Poet Timophey Beloserov, actor Michael Ul'yanov, rhythmic gymnasts Irina Tchachina and Evgeniya Kanaeva, boxer Aleksei Tishchenko. Omsk is a city of students. There are many institutions of higher learning and several universities: Omsk State University, Omsk State Pedagogical University, Omsk State Agrarian University, Omsk State Technical University, Siberian State Automobile and Highway Academy, Sibirian Academy of Physical Culture and other. There are many green streets, parks, yards, flower-beds. Millions of flowers and trees are planted every year. Charming fountains in the parks and squares make our city more beautiful. Соотнесите прилагательные из текста с существительными. Переведите словосочетания.
Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты словосочетаний. Юго-западная Сибирь, административный центр, на левом берегу, в исторической части, живописный вид, особый шарм, символ женственности, кататься на велосипеде, наслаждаться природой, наблюдать за жизнью птиц, самая большая церковь, шедевр архитектуры, культурная, историческая и художественная ценность, переплетается прошлое и настоящее, прекрасные фонтаны. Прочитайте и выучите следующие слова к тексту 3 В. Обратите внимание на произношение.
Прочитайте и переведите текст. Text 3 В Moscow is the most famous city of Russia, the capital of Russian Federation. Moscow is located in the center of the European part of Russia. The city is located on "the seven hills" on both banks of the Moscow River. It was founded in the middle of the 12th century. A large number of people from different countries come here every year. Both foreigners and citizens of Russia have different purposes of his trip: business, job, education, tourism. More than twelve million people live and work in Moscow. It has an interesting history and plays a great role in economics and politics of the world. Moscow is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. There are a lot of beautiful places of interest in Moscow: the Red Square, the Arbat, the State Tretyakov Gallery, Gorky Central Park, Tverskaya Street, Clean Ponds. It houses many attractive parks and squares, great architectural wonders and countless places of interest. Red Square is the Beauty of Russia, a major historically and politically significant object of our country. There are the most famous monuments of the city on its territory. The Moscow Kremlin is a historical, cultural and religious complex in the centre of the city, an ancient fortress with an unique ensemble of monuments, as well as the official residence of the Russian president. The Kremlin is located on the left bank of the Moskva River, on Borovitsky Hill. The Arbat is one of the most famous streets in Moscow. Everybody knows that the Arbat is a pedestrian street with lots of cafes, restaurants, musical performers and souvenir shops. Every tourist when he comes to Moscow tries to visit this street. Ostankino TV Tower is the tallest building in Moscow. Don’t forget to visit its observation deck with glass floor. You will be fascinated by the breathtaking views over the city. Moscow’s transport network is really extensive. There are three major airports and nine railway stations. Visitors can also use the metro, buses, trolley-buses or taxis. The Moscow Metro is considered one of the main sightseeing of the capital. Metro is the most popular form of transport in Moscow due to its high-speed. Moreover, you can use metro and don’t be afraid to be late because of traffic-jams. Moscow is an important educational and scientific center. A great number of universities and research objects can be found here. Students not only from Russia but also from the entire world come to Moscow to get higher education. There are more than 200 universities, including 60 state universities in the city. The most popular universities among foreign students are: people’s friendship university, Moscow University, School of Economics, the first medical university of Moscow. There are a lot of theatres, museums and exhibitions to satisfy every taste. Worldwide-known are the Bolshoi Theatre, the Maly Theatre, the Moscow Art Theatre, the Theatre in Taganka and many others. Muscovites are proud of their museums: the Tretyakov Art Gallery, the A. S. Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Historical Museum. Crowds of people visit Tretyakov Gallery admiring beautiful pictures of Russian painters. Moscow attracts millions of travelers and lovers of Russian traditions and customs every year. The guests of the capital of the country can enjoy the magnificent architecture of the central part of the city with many historical monuments. They can visit the beautiful parks and gardens and other interesting places. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты словосочетаний. Самый известный город, в центре европейской части, на семи холмах, в середине 12 века, как иностранцы, так и граждане России, различные цели, играть большую роль, многочисленные достопримечательности, исторически значимы объекты, древняя крепость, пешеходная улица, самое высокое здание, стеклянный пол, захватывающий вид, большое количество людей.
1. The most famous city ____ Russia; 2. To be located ___ both banks of the Moscow River; 3. A large number ___ people ___ different countries; 4. To play a great role ___ economics of the world; 5. An ancient fortress ___ an unique ensemble of monuments; 6. To be fascinated ___ the breathtaking views; 7. Students ___ the entire world; 8. The most popular universities ___ foreign students; 9. To be proud ___ their museums. Соотнесите глаголы из текста с существительными
Скажите верно или неверно утверждение по тексту. 1. Moscow is located in the center of the Asian part of Russia. 2. It was founded in the middle of the 15th century. 3. Both foreigners and citizens of Russia have different purposes of his trip: business, job, education, tourism. 4. Red Square is a major historically and politically significant object of our country. 5. The Moscow Kremlin is a modern fortress with a unique ensemble of monuments. 6. The Arbat is a pedestrian street. 7. Ostankino TV Tower has observation deck with glass floor. 8. The guests of the capital of the country can enjoy the magnificent architecture of the central part of the city. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||