психотерапия. статьяИбрагимова мак011. Ю. И. Ибрагимова Студентка филологического факультета Международного казахскотурецкого университета имени Ходжи Ахмеда Яссави
 Скачать 32.3 Kb.
|
|
МРНТИ 17.07.21 Менталитет в женском образе английских и казахских писателей начала 21-го века. ХХІ ғасырдың басындағы ағылшын және қазақ жазушыларының әйел бейнесіндегі менталитет Mentality in the female image of English and Kazakh writers of the early 21st century. Ю.И.Ибрагимова Студентка филологического факультета Международного казахско-турецкого университета имени Ходжи Ахмеда Яссави Казахстан, Туркестан Қазақстан, Түркістан Kazakhstan, Turkistan yulduz.ibragimova@ayu.edu.kz Аннотация В статье исследуется культурологический аспект создания образа женщины в произведениях современных казахских и английских авторов. Целью исследования является подтверждение гипотезы об отражении национальных идей и культурных ценностей в героях произведений письменного народного творчества. Научная новизна работы заключается в определении влияния основных элементов менталитета на характеристику литературных персонажей. В ходе исследования применялись следующие методы: дискурсивный анализ, экспликация смысла, интерпретация, классификация, научно-методологическая идентификация текста, что в дальнейшем легло в основу построения выводов. Литературные анализы и сравнительно-сопоставительная систематизация позволяют выявить примеры зарождения феминистических идей о гендерном равноправии и роли женщины в обществе в трудах отечественных и зарубежных авторов. Отражение национальной идентичности в литературном персонаже, в частности, в феминных образах, является неоспоримым фактом взаимосвязи культуры и языкознания. Несомненно, менталитет «западной женщины» и «восточной женщины» отличаются рядом влияющих факторов, однако в работе приведены и общие черты, присущие представительницам обеих культур. В результате выделены и охарактеризованы важнейшие сходства и различия образа женщины в казахской и английской литературе нашего времени, что направлено на формирование целостного видения национальной культуры и может быть использовано в качестве теоретического материала для лингвокультурных дисциплин филологических факультетов. Ключевые слова : художественный образ, характеристика, менталитет, феминизм, литература. Аннотация Мақалада қазіргі қазақ және ағылшын авторларының еңбектерінде әйел бейнесін жасаудың мәдени аспектісі қарастырылған. Зерттеудің мақсаты - ұлттық идеялар мен мәдени құндылықтардың жазба халық шығармашылығы еңбектерінің кейіпкерлеріндегі көрінісі туралы гипотезаны растау. Шығарманың ғылыми жаңалығы менталитеттің негізгі элементтерінің әдеби кейіпкерлердің сипаттамаларына әсерін анықтауда. Зерттеу барысында келесі әдістер қолданылды: дискурсты талдау, мағынаны түсіндіру, интерпретация, жіктеу, мәтінді ғылыми-әдістемелік сәйкестендіру; кейінірек қорытынды жасауға негіз болды. Әдеби талдаулар мен салыстырмалы жүйелеу отандық және шетелдік авторлардың еңбектеріндегі гендерлік теңдік және әйелдердің қоғамдағы рөлі туралы феминистік идеялардың пайда болуының мысалдарын анықтауға мүмкіндік береді. Ұлттық бірегейліктің әдеби кейіпкерде, атап айтқанда әйелдік бейнелерде көрініс табуы - бұл мәдениет пен тіл білімінің арақатынасының даусыз фактісі. «Батыс әйелінің» және «шығыс әйелінің» менталитеті бірқатар әсер етуші факторлармен ерекшеленетіні сөзсіз, бірақ зерттеу екі мәдениеттің өкілдеріне тән ортақ белгілерді де ұсынады. Нәтижесінде филология факультеттерінің лингвомәдени пәндер үшін теориялық материал ретінде қолданыла алатын ұлттық мәдениеттің тұтас көзқарасын қалыптастыруға бағытталған қазақ және ағылшын әдебиетіндегі әйел образындағы маңызды ұқсастықтар мен айырмашылықтар анықталды және сипатталды. Тірек сөздер: көркем образ, сипаттамалар, менталитет, феминизм, әдебиет. Annotation The article examines the culturological aspect of creating the image of a woman in the works of modern Kazakh and English authors. The aim of the study is to confirm the hypothesis about the reflection of national ideas and cultural values in the heroes of works of written folk art. The scientific novelty of the work lies in determining the influence of the main elements of mentality on the characteristics of literary characters. In the course of the study, the following methods were used: discourse analysis, explication of meaning, interpretation, classification, scientific and methodological identification of the text, which later formed the basis for drawing conclusions. Literary analyzes and comparative-contrastive systematization allows to identify examples of the emergence of feminist ideas about gender equality and the role of women in society in the works of domestic and foreign authors. The reflection of national identity in a literary character, in particular, in feminine images, is an indisputable fact of the relationship between culture and linguistics. Undoubtedly, the mentality of a “western woman” and “an eastern woman” differs in a number of influencing factors, but the work also provides common features inherent in representatives of both cultures. As a result, the most important similarities and differences in the image of a woman in Kazakh and English literature of our time were identified and characterized, which is aimed at forming a holistic vision of national culture and can be used as theoretical material for linguocultural disciplines of philological faculties. Key words: artistic image, characteristics, mentality, feminism, literature. Introduction For a long time, the guideline of anthropological realism won in logic, agreeing to which a individual, his thought processes of behavior and being itself were considered as it were as a sign of cognizant life. But, since advanced times, the issue of the oblivious has taken an expanding put in philosophical human studies. Creators such as Leibniz, Kant, Kierkegaard, Hartmann, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, from distinctive points and positions, start to analyze the part and noteworthiness of mental forms that are not realized by man. The word "mentality" has gotten to be one of the foremost utilized in later a long time. This term has long been included within the expressed utilize of Western science. It starts from the Latin “mens”, “mentis”, i.e. mind, considering, reason, way of considering, etc. Within the English logical dialect, the term "mentality" has been utilized since the center of the 19th century, in German scientific phrasing - since the moment half of it. (Jordanian, 1992). The mindset within the understanding of foreign researchers incorporates sentiments, likes and detests, propensities, thoughts around an individual and his put within the world. All representations are related not as it were with awareness, but with the intuitive - in the event that awareness controls considering, at that point attitude controls behavior. It must be conceded that for numerous a long time Soviet science has given a parcel of exertion and time to the illustration of socio-economic, lesson and party variables that influence human behavior in certain conditions (Smith, 2011). With respect to the contrasts in Western and Eastern considering, there was, for illustration, the taking after point of view: "Both within the West and within the East there were determined endeavors principal contrasts, nearly" incongruence "between Eastern and Western considering: the Eastern is characterized by capitulation to the inevitable, theory, devout - the supernatural soul, and the Western judicious approach, add up to logic, etc. In our conclusion, this can be a projection / cognizant or oblivious - in this case it does not matter / belief systems that are outsider to us. " (Madariaga, 2003) Residential science has small examined the noteworthiness of such mental components as sentiments, sensitivities, slants, in spite of the fact that some of the time they cannot as it were have a noteworthy effect on the course of verifiable occasions, but indeed decide them. Thus, a more profound ponder of mental components will contribute to the enhancement of our science, will permit a broader introduction of the chronicled picture of the past, which is able offer assistance to anticipate human behavior in different circumstances. Material and methods By taking part in the cycles of intercultural cooperation, an individual demonstration in informative circumstances as a sender or beneficiary of etymological, verbal and non-verbal messages (Mihalkov, 2003). The level of his interest in these cycles relies upon informative conduct and open awareness. A bunch of individual qualities of human connections portrays the informative conduct of these individuals. The expression "open conduct" was introduced by I.A.Sternin. Through informative conduct, he comprehends a bunch of standards and customs of correspondence between individuals, social, youth, proficient and different gatherings, just as people (Mihalkov, 2003). It is this action of an individual or a get-together of people (verbal and non-verbal reinforcement) during the time spent correspondence oversaw by the norms and customs of society. Authors utilize an immediate type of mental picture and essentially similar techniques: - the story is led by the primary individual; the creator's "I" shows up in the content as a hero and simultaneously as a viewpoint on the world; - thoughtfulness and mental examination; - inward speech. Alongside the above strategies, the creators in the examined works additionally utilize explicit methods for portraying the inward world: outer subtleties; the formation of twofold characters, and so forth • Based on the conviction that the principle and innovative power in the development of the saint's character is the family, that the establishment of the spirit is laid in the family, the creators of the considered works depict the legend's family members and their connections. In the climate of affection, seeing, all the saints of the works develop. • The method of turning into an individual is portrayed through the activities and offense of the legends, through the delight and torment of individuals with whom destiny brings. A significant part in this is played by the picture of mental battle, inward sentiments and contemplations, the enlivening of a basic disposition towards oneself, that is, an interior clash. • The capacity to adore for creators of works is probably the most noteworthy measure for assessing an individual. Nearly from the lips of every saint we hear encouraging statements and appreciation to family members, nature, local land. Unmistakable highlights of the considered works of Kazakh writing are: - maxim of the language (in the truisms there is a good instructive potential); - the mediation of a grown-up legend in the story (a grown-up saint, remarks, dissects, analyzes, while cautiously working out regular subtleties that come clean with about an individual's way to); - the image of the impact of biological catastrophe on the improvement of the personality of the legend. There is no vulnerability that the subject of character course of action will be moreover advanced in progress of present day Kazakhstani writers. Subsequently, the theory that the arrangement of communication we created with center school understudies through Kazakh writing that we created will add to the tasteful advancement of understudies. Literature review Professor Leslie Bender, one of the leading cultural feminists, argues that our current tort law system is the product of a masculine spirit of justice. She suggests that if society listened to a different voice of a woman, it would lead to different basic and corrective rules. She states: “We need to move from a human rights focus to care and rights / justice, from power to power, from prioritizing the market and money to prioritizing personal relationships, health, safety and human dignity in resolving trauma disputes. The solution is not to replace one paradigm with another, but to create a new paradigm that brings together the valuable components of both approaches” (Judith, 2012). Professor Bender argues that if the system reflected the feminine spirit of caring, with its central values of connectedness and responsibility, it would lead to different ground rules. For example, she notes that “from a feminist perspective, the duty of care required by the negligence law may mean “To act towards others to avoid harm, with concern for the human consequences of our actions or inaction. She believes that in order to empower the unemployed, the tort law could be amended in such a way that the filing of a mass tort lawsuit would raise the rebuttable presumption of liability against the corporate defendant. Cultural feminists have also noted that ethical principles can change commercial law (Beljanin, 2008). For example, Professor Teresa Gabaldon believes that the existing doctrine of corporate law on limited liability is incompatible with cultural feminist values, since this doctrine distancing people from the consequences of their investments, thereby reducing their recognized personal responsibility (Dale, 2012). According to Professor Gabaldon, the system of corporate laws developed by feminists will reflect the relationship between everyone, investor and consumer, as well as our mutual responsibility towards each other. Such a system of laws, she argues,will not include the doctrine of limited liability as one of its features. Extremist women's liberation offers another method of beating this shamefulness - changing social jobs and, eventually, dispensing with sexual orientation thusly, if just friendly disparity is accepted under sex (Hawkesworth, 2006). This should be possible twoly. To begin with, by developing the alleged bisexuality in ladies, yet in addition in men. The ideal of hermaphrodism assumes a mix of the alternate extremes of female and solid standards in very much the same individual, be it a man or a lady. For this situation, sex won't be doled out to agents of some sex, furthermore, individuals will seem who naturally join both manly and female qualities. Fortitude will be joined with delicacy, and sympathy with request. Social woman's rights likewise recommends another way, as per which it is important not to confound jobs, yet to raise the situation with customarily female jobs related with the generally ladylike characteristics of delicacy, care, humility, sympathy, erotic nature, and peacefulness. As needs be, it is important to bring down the situation with jobs related with the male characteristics of forcefulness, inflexibility, soundness, unbiasedness. The vast majority of the jobs of the advanced world, which have the most noteworthy status, require exactly these characteristics, which is the quintessence of the issue. In the event that society figures out how to esteem female characteristics and, as needs be, ladylike jobs, male control will reach a conclusion. Another sort of social women's liberation isn't content with even this, contending that it is likewise important to rethink what is called female characteristics. They ought get a higher status, yet additionally be resolved autonomously and undistorted, that is, continuing from the undistorted idea of ladies. Results and discussion Effective intercultural correspondence requires information on an unknown dialect, sufficient comprehension of the open conduct of another culture, just as the readiness of members to acknowledge different sorts of open activity, to uncover its disparities and changes in culture (Smith, 2011). The way in to any relationship is understanding. Language isn't only a methods for passing on types of discourse; this makes conditions for intercultural correspondence. Understanding intercultural correspondence is a confusing strategy of interpretation related with a mix of phonetic and non-etymological elements (Maslova, 2003). In order to achieve understanding in intercultural correspondence, its individuals should not simply pro the grammar and language of a particular language, yet moreover know the social piece of the word, the reality of distant culture. The certifiable use of words, the genuine production of talk is regularly directed by data on the socio-social presence of the neighborhood language (Madariaga, 2003). Language isn't past culture, that is, a great deal of judicious capacities and contemplations that portray a way of life. Since language structures rely upon socio-social designs, in order to adequately use language as a technique for correspondence, it is critical to know the universe of language as significantly as conceivable (Smith, 2011). Enlightening behavior can be depicted in three unique manners. The open side is the language and social shows of a particular organization, the exchanging of information between people. The delayed consequence of this level is divided appreciation among people. The natural side of open lead prompts the establishment of explicit relationship between communicators subject to the impression of individual qualities and people's attitudes towards one another (Jordanian, 1992). The level of perception grants people to get familiar with each other and be close, assistants to recognize each other, to choose the state of the relationship. Open perception aptitudes are reflected in the ability to control a person's acknowledgment, to "read" the perspective of assistants on verbal and non-verbal ascribes, to appreciate the psychological effects of acumen and to decrease contortion (Madariaga, 2003). A person's instructive development depends upon open capacity, which contains a particular course of action of data to which it is related, the data outwardly world, which an individual gets dependent on his own agreement and key data on the world. This is a result of the way that ethnic get-togethers have a spot with certain public, ethnic, social, severe, capable and various get-togethers. Connections are extraordinary exercises emerging from the laws, standards and rules of relations, socially critical standards and assessment frameworks received in a specific culture (Smith, 2011). It plans to impart, give, search, store and update semantic and evaluative data. The component of coordination of correspondence exercises is common arrangement. The open conduct of the questioner is controlled by demonstrations of understanding that interface the activity plans of various members and connection focused on activities to a solitary and community communication. Habermas builds up these principles in the idea of open activities, and in informative activities the subjects additionally attempt to accomplish the objective, yet there is common assent, fairness, shared comprehension of the subjects and understanding between them (Maslova, 2003). Because of this methodology, correspondence guarantees shared comprehension between individuals with various perspectives, members consider the perspectives and estimations of others, there is "cooperation of others", "such individuals are not treated similarly, yet to somebody's character " (Madariaga, 2003). The arrangement cycle is pointed toward arriving at an understanding that gives all members the option to communicate and legitimize their perspectives. All members in the correspondence cycle have an equivalent chance to communicate their perspectives, to legitimize them or to dismiss the positions, perspectives, emotions and expectations of others (Smith, 2011). Psychological and semantic cognizance additionally decides the informative conduct of the person. Psychological awareness isn't phonetically something similar, in light of the fact that not all that exists in the overall image of the world is communicated through language (Jordanian, 1992). Intellectual awareness has a huge layer of qualities normal to the entirety of mankind or gatherings of societies. Without this, understanding between various countries would be for all intents and purposes incomprehensible (Madariaga, 2003). Phonetic awareness has similar implications for speakers of various dialects. Phonetic information gives a type of intellectual insight of an activity, like discourse control. It shapes an individual during the time spent dominating the language and improves all through life, as it supplements information on the principles and standards of the language, new words, implications, as relational abilities in different fields improve, new dialects acclimatize. Human discourse itself is an indispensable piece of a wide idea; it is an individual's open action (Maslova, 2003). In such manner, the issue of recognizing phonetic and informative mindfulness emerges. Open awareness is a mix of open information and open components that give the entire range of an individual's open action. This is an open relationship of awareness, a bunch of mental informative classifications, just as a bunch of socially acknowledged standards and rules of correspondence. The overall informative awareness of individuals in the solidarity of the etymological and absolutely open segments is an indispensable piece of the intellectual information on the country and an essential piece of the overall psychological information on individuals (Madariaga, 2003). Certain activities, realities, occasions, activities of the target world procure social imagery in a specific culture in the personalities of individuals. Every one of these wonders have a specific representative significance in the personalities of individuals, are explicit and all inclusive for the entire society or a specific gathering of people (Smith, 2011). Social imagery is a fundamental part of public thought. Accordingly, for viable cinteraction, communicators must, initially, have an overall information on the language utilized, and besides, an overall information on the world as pictures of cognizance. Every particular ethnic gathering has its own novel ethnic picture of the world, which is communicated through language - a critical factor in deciding enrollment in a specific ethnic gathering. Language as a specialist of a particular ethnic organization partakes in the game plan of a person's perspective on the world, shapes an objective thought about his overall environmental factors, structures and conveys an idea, assembles information accumulated by mankind during the time spent its improvement (Smith, 2011). During the time spent intercultural correspondence, each individual meanwhile deals with two critical issues - the hankering to shield their social character and penetrate outside social orders. Any culture uncovers its quintessence during the time spent intercultural association when it meets different societies. Intercultural correspondence mirrors the character and uniqueness of societies, the acknowledgment of their semantic potential. During the time spent intercultural correspondence, it is important to be more mindful of the social contrasts that have emerged while regarding other social qualities and standards (Maslova, 2003). The ID of an individual culture with a specific culture, subculture is set up in the semantic cognizance of an individual and is reflected in his open conduct. Social character impacts the interaction of intercultural correspondence, which permits just those parts of intercultural correspondence that advance shared agreement and stay away from circumstances that can prompt clash (Smith, 2011). To effectively defeat intercultural strains, it is essential to build up relations with agents of different societies, in light of the acknowledgment of various social implications, distinctive perspectives. Along these lines, the viability of intercultural correspondence relies upon the open conduct of members dependent on acknowledgment of social contrasts, acknowledgment of the total estimation of social variety, acknowledgment of the privilege to life, endurance and improvement of different societies (Madariaga, 2003). Intercultural correspondence is an essential condition for the collaboration of delegates of various societies. Conclusion The improvement of open and human-centric etymology has added to the developing interest in understanding individuals' public character. A few standards portray individuals' informative conduct as regulating or non-standardizing. I.A. Sternin characterizes the accompanying standards of open conduct: general social, bunch, situational and singular standards (Bakhtin, 2007). The overall social standards of informative conduct are regular to all public societies of the world and incorporate the by and large acknowledged principles of discourse behavior and social relations, which are utilized in various circumstances. They rely upon individuals' sex, age, societal position, specialization in proficient exercises, and so on Instances of basic social standards are good tidings and goodbyes, discussions, gatherings, consideration, conciliatory sentiments, calls, composed messages, good tidings, etc (Bakhtin, 2007). Situational standards rely upon the particular language circumstance, which may rely upon the circumstance of the subject of correspondence. They are explicit to every country: for instance, the more established age has more straightforward contact with more youthful individuals in a Muslim country than in European nations; According to European practices, the connection between a man and a lady is even in the condition of correspondence, and in Muslim culture - vertical. Gathering standards are explicit to connections, subcultures, proficient societies and gatherings of people (Blagdon, 2011). Highlights of informative conduct of men, ladies, educators, developers, attorneys, specialists, "humanists", "professionals", Muslims, Buddhists, youngsters, guardians and others are appeared. Singular standards of informative conduct portray the way of life and correspondence, mirrors the experience of the individual and the individual impression of the overall social and situational open standards in the semantic character (Gosse, 2019). Open conduct is controlled by the public attitude and is a vital piece of the public culture accommodated in public standards and rules of lead. The construction of open conduct can be partitioned into the accompanying segments: the public character of communicators as a bunch of mental attributes of an individual having a place with a specific country; contingent upon the public character of the speakers and the agents of specific individuals on the subject of correspondence, the synthesis of communicators, paying little mind to the highlights of correspondence that are obvious in all open circumstances (Kabdolov, 2002). Verbal informative conduct, which incorporates a bunch of rules and customs of verbal correspondence in a specific correspondence circumstance and is reflected in ethnic generalizations; non-verbal open conduct, including outward appearances, motions, the overall situation of the conversationalists, actual associations in correspondence; public social imagery, for example a bunch of target ordinary activities of individuals associated with the open interaction (Nurdauletova, 2011). References Bakhtin M. M. (2007) Jazyk v hudozhestvennoj literature [Language in artistic literature]. Sobraniye sochineniy, vol. 5. Beljanin V. P. (2008) Psiholingvisticheskie aspekty hudozhestvennogo teksta [Psycholinguistic aspects of a literary text]. Moskva: Nauka. Blagdon F.W. (2011) Characteristic Sketches of Human Nature and Modern Manners. General View of Literature. Ginn’s. Dale E. (2012) National life and character in the mirror of early English literature. Мedeus. Eleukenova G. (2008) Kazahskij hudozhestvennyj rasskaz: Filologicheskij analiz teksta [Kazakh artistic story: Philological analysis of the text]. Almaty: Zhibek zholy. Gosse E. A. (2019) Short history of modern English literature. Collier . Harwood B.J. (2018) Class and Gender in Early English Literature. Indiana University Press. Jordanian V. (1992) Ethnicity and nation. World Economy and International Relations, vol. 3. Kabdolov Z. (2002) Soz onerі [The art of word]. Almaty: Sanat. Madariaga S. (2003) English, French, Spaniards. Collier. Maslova V.A. (2003) Vvedenie v kognitivnuju lingvistiku [Introduction to cognitive linguistics]. Flinta, Nauka, vol. 4. Mihalkov, B.D. (2003) Geroika i literature [Heroics and literature]. M.: Molodaja Gvardija. Nurdauletova B.I. (2011) Kognitivtі lingvistika [Cognitive Linguistics]. Almaty. Smith G.Th. (2011) Reflections On the Character and Objects of All Science and Literature. Edinburgh. |