Артикль

• Название: Артикль
• Дата: 26.11.2018
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• Имя файла: [Golicuensky_YU.B.,Golicuenskaya_N.A.]_Grammatika_(BookFi.org).doc
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Упр. 479. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами can, mayили must.

1. 
   What ... we see on this map? 2. ... you speak Spanish? — No, unfortunately I... 3. At what time ... you come to school? 4. ... I come in? 5. You ... not smoke here. 6. ... take your book? — I am afraid not: I need it. 7. He ... not speak English yet. 8. I have very little time: I ... go. 9. They ... not go to the park today because they are busy. 10. You ... read this text: it is easy enough. 1л
   

TO HAVE TO — ТО BE TO

Необходимость

ТО HAVE TO — вынужденная необходимость

ТО BE TO¹ — необходимость по договоренности, плану или приказу

I have to go there. — должен (вынужден)

I amtogo there. — должен, предстоит, (договорились, или такое расписание)

I had to go there — пришлось

I was to go there — предстояло

Упр. 480. Переведите на русский язык.

1. I was to wait for her at the railway station.

2. We were to go to the cinema that afternoon.

3. They were to start on Monday. 4. He was to telephone the moment she was out of danger.

5. Roses were to be planted round the pond.

6. There was to be a discussion later on. 7. We were to get there before the others. 8. He was to tell her where to find us. 9. She was to graduate that year. 10. She was to wear that dress at the graduation party. 11. He is to come here at five o'clock. 12. The train was to leave at five-fifteen.

¹ TO BE может употребляться как модальный тлагол только в двух временах: PresentSimpleи Past Simple.

Упр. 481. Перефразируйте следующие пред­ложения, употребляя модальный глагол tobeto.

E.g. 1) The lecture is supposed to begin at eight. The lecture is to begin at eight. 2) I expect her to come and help. She is to come and help. 3) It was planned that we should wait for them at the door. We were to wait for them at the door. 4) It was arranged that he should meet her at the station. He was to meet her at the station. 5) Who will take care of the children? Who is to take care of the children? 1. What am I supposed to do if they come too early? 2 It was arranged that the youngest chil­dren would play on the beach. 3. We expect you to show the place to her. 4. I am expected to leave tomorrow at the latest. 5. Where am I supposed to be taken? 6. This is Dora. It is arranged that she will share the room with you. 7 And who will do the cooking? 8. It is expected that two more apart­ment houses will be built here. 9. It was arranged that the cup final would be played that afternoon. 10. Who will meet you at the station?

Упр. 482. Вставьте модальные глаголы to have to или to be to.

1. She ... to send a telegram because it was too late to send a letter. 2. They decided that she ... to send them a telegram every tenth day. 3. You ... to learn all the new words for the next lesson. 4. Do you know this man? He ... to be our new teacher of history. 5. Who ... to go to the library to get the new books? — I was, but I couldn't be-

cause I ... to finish some work at the phonetic^ laboratory. 6. It is raining. You ... to put on your raincoat. 7. "The patient ... to stay in bed for a few days," ordered the doctor. 8. The child had stomach trouble and ... to take castor oil. 9. I told her she ... to open the window for a while every day. 10. The agreement was that if Johnny White could not repay the money he had borrowed, then Luke Flint ... to have the right to sell the land. 11. If I don't ring up before six o'clock, then you ... to go to the concert hall alone and wait for me at the entrance. Is that clear? 12. The planters ... to gather their cotton at once, as they had been warned that heavy rains were expected. 13. I ... io wear glasses as my eyesight is very weak. 14. John­ny White ... to borrow from Luke Flint at a high interest, for there was no one else in the district who lent money. 15. "Cheating is a very nasty thing,"' said the teacher, "and we ... to get rid of it."

Упр. 483. Вставьте модальные глаголы Iо have to или to be to.

1. Where ... the lecture to take place? — I sup­pose in the assembly hall. 2. So, our plan is as follows: I ... to go to the library and bring the books. You ... to look through all the material here. Later we ... to work together. 3. "You ... to do it alone, without anybody's help," she said sternly. 4. I ... to help my friends with this work now, so I cannot go with you. 5. It was raining hard and we ... to wait until it stopped raining. 6. 1 ... to ask him about it tomorrow, as today he has already gone. 7. Why didn't you tell me that I ... to buy the books? 8. According to the order of the school­mistress all the pupils ... to return the library books before the twenty-third of May. 9. As we had agreed

before, we ... to meet at two o'clock to go to the stadium together. But Mike did not come. I waited for another half-hour, but then I ... to leave as I was afraid to be late. 10. The meeting ... to begin at five o'clock. Don't be late.

Упр. 484. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальные глаголы tohavetoили tobeto.

1. Вам предстоит выучить это стихотворение к среде. 2. Мне задали выучить это стихотворение к среде. 3. Мне пришлось выучить это стихотво­рение к среде. 4. Мне придется выучить это сти­хотворение к среде. 5. Ему приходится учить это стихотворение сегодня, так как он не выучил его вчера. 6. Вам не придется учить это стихотворе­ние. 7. Мне не пришлось учить это стихотворе­ние. 8. Так как он выучил это стихотворение вче­ра, ему не нужно учить его теперь. 9. На этой неделе нам предстоит встретиться с выдающимся ученым. 10. Выхода не было, и ему пришлось заплатить штраф. 11. Мне было задано написать сочинение о творчестве Пушкина, а для этого мне пришлось перечитать некоторые из его произве­дений, которые я плохо помнил. 12. Мне придет­ся посидеть дома это дни. Врач говорит, что я не должен никуда выходить, пока температура не будет нормальной. 13. Посидите здесь, пока он занят. Я думаю, вам не придется долго ждать. 14. Спектакль должен был начаться в семь часов. 15. Мы должны были отложить поездку, так как погода испортилась. 16. Если вы хотите хорошо овладеть языком, вы должны очень много читать. 17. По новому расписанию у нас будет пять уро­ков английского языка в неделю. 18. Мы реши­ли, что все должны принять участие в концерте. 19. Рано или поздно вам придется пойти к врачу. 20. В будущем году мы должны начать изучение астрономии. 21. Чтобы разработать новую тео­рию, ученые должны были провести бесчислен­ные опыты.

NEED

NEED NOT — отсутствие необходимости

(можно не ...)

NEED...? —надо...?

You need not do it. — можете не делать Need I do it? — надо?

Сравните:

Ты не можешь делать этого. —

You cannot do it.

Ты можешь не делать этого. —

You need not do it.'

Обратите внимание:

You need not have done it —

могли и не делать (а сделали)

Упр. 485. Переведите на русский язык.

1. My sister cannot write this letter: she is verv busy. 2. My sister need not write this letter: I shall phone them. 3. She cannot buy bread. 4. She need not buy bread. 5. You cannot read so many books. 6. You need not read so many books. 7. Nick cannot go to school today. 8. Nick need not go to school today. 9. They cannot translate this article. 10. They need not translate this article. 11. They could not write the composition. 12. They need not have writ­ten the composition. 13.1 could not go to the library. 14. I need not have gone to the library. 15. He could not stay there for the night. 16. He need not have stayed there for the night. 17. We could not do all this work. 18. We need not have done all this work. 19. She could not cook such a big dinner. 20. She need not have cooked such a big dinner.

Упр. 485. Перефразируйте следующие пред­ложения, употребляя модальный глагол need.

E.g. 1) It is not necessary to go there.

You need not go there. 2) It was not necessary to go there. You need not have gone there.

1. There was no necessity for her to do it her­self. 2. There is no reason for you to worry: he is as strong as a horse. 3. There is no need for you to be present. 4. Is it any use our going into all that now? 5. Why did you mention all these figures? The situation was clear as it was, 6. Why do you rant to press the skirt? It is not creased at all. . It was not necessary for you to remind me about her birthday. I remember the date very well. Why do you want to do it all today? 9. It was not necessary for mother to cook this enormous dinner: we have brought all the food the children may want. 10. It is not necessary to take the six-thirty. A later train will do as well.

Упр. 486. Переведите на английский язык, ютребляя модальный глагол need.

1. Мне нужно тебе помогать? — Нет, спасибо, все сделаю сам. 2. Вы можете не ходить туда.

3. Ему незачем беспокоиться о ней. 4. Я могу и не спрашивать его: он сам мне все расскажет. 5. Вам не обязательно звонить мне: я не забуду о своем обещании. 6. Надо ли ей покупать такую массу продуктов? 7. Она может не ходить в биб­лиотеку: я дам ей книгу. 8. Вы могли и не брать зонт: я уверен, что дождя не будет.

Упр. 487. Вставьте модальные глаголы may, mustили need.

1.... we hand in our compositions tomorrow? — No, you ... not, you ... hand them in after Sunday. 2. ... John really do this today? — No, he ... not, he ... do it tomorrow if he likes. 3. You ... not let this cup fall: it ... break. 4. ... I help you with your coat on? 5. ... I take this book for a little while? — I am sorry, but I ... return it to the library at once. 6. Alec ... practise this sound spe­cially, but the other pupils ... not: they all pro­nounce it properly. 7. They ... come at any time they like between ten and twelve in the morning, but they ... not come if they don't want to. 8. ... I go there right now? — Yes, you ....

Упр. 488. Вставьте модальные глаголы can, may, mustили need.

1. I ... not go out today: it is too cold. 2. ... I take your pen? — Yes, please. 3. We ... not carry the bookcase upstairs: it is too heavy. 4. We ... not carry the bookcase upstairs ourselves: the workers will come and do it. 5. When ... you come to see us? — I ... come only on Sunday. 6. Shall I write a letter to him? — No, you ... not, it is not neces­sary. 7. ... you cut something without a knife? 8. Peter ... return the book to the library. We all want to read it. 9. Why ... not you understand it?

it is so easy. 10. ... we do the exercise at once? Yes, you do it at once. 11. ... you pronounce this sound? 12. You ... not have bought this meat-we have everything for dinner.

MUST — MAY — MIGHT — CAN'T

в значении предположения

MUST — должно быть

MAY - может быть

MIGHT — может быть (но маловероятно)

CAN'T — не может быть

Упр. 489. Произнесите вслух все возможные предложения, используя приведенные подстано­вочные таблицы. (Упражнение на выработку ав­томатизма речи)

Переведите каждое предложение на русский язык.

Не	must may might can't	know your sister be busy be ill be tired be hungry
Не	must may might can't	be	sleeping working hard watching TV having dinner playing football

He	must	have	forgotten your address
	may		lost your book
	might		missed the train
	can't		caught cold
			fallen ill
			left the country
			sold his piano
			bought a car

Упр. 491. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальные глаголы must, may, mightили can't.

1. Они, должно быть, живут в Санкт-Петербурге.

2. Они, может быть, живут в Санкт-Петербурге.

3. Может быть, они и живут в Санкт-Петербур­ге (хотя едва ли).

4. Не может быть, что они живут в Санкт-Пе тербурге.

5. Они, должно быть, жили в Санкт-Петербурге.

6. Они, может быть, жили в Санкт-Петербурге.

7. Может быть, они и жили в Санкт-Петербурге (хотя едва ли).

8. Не может быть, что они жили в Санкт-Петер­бурге.

9. Он, должно быть, на работе.

10. Он, должно быть, был на работе.

11. Он, может быть, на работе. 12.Он, может быть, был на работе.

13. Может быть, он и на работе (хотя едва ли).

14. Может быть, он и был на работе (хотя едва ли).

15. Не может быть, что он на работе.

16. Не может быть, что он был на работе.

Упр. 492. Перепишите сначала все предлож ния, в которых модальный глагол may (might) выражает разрешение, а затем предложения в которых он выражает предположение. Переве­дите предложения на русский язык.

1. Children may borrow books from the school li­brary. 2. I may show him your reports later. I don't know. 3. Your hair is getting rather thin, sir, may I advise to change your parting¹? 4. Mother, may I have a glass of light beer? 5. I may have wrecked my own life, but I will not let you wreck yours. 6. Jus­tice may be slow, mother, but it comes in the end. 7. He may have written the letter, but the signature is certainly not his. 8. It might have been worse. 9. May I come and see you some day? 10. We asked the teacher if we might use dictionaries.

Упр. 493. Перефразируйте следующие пред-|ложения, употребляя модальный глагол may. E.g. Possibly you left your book behind. You may have left your book behind.

1. Perhaps you left your umbrella in the bus.

2. Perhaps he went to the cafe to wait for us.

3. Perhaps it was Helen who rang you up. 4. Per­haps they came by plane. 5. Perhaps she had a very good English teacher. 6. Perhaps it was too cold for the children to go out. 7. It is possible that he took his children to the zoo. 8. Possibly they did not see us in the crowd. 9. Perhaps Rob­ert used a dictionary. 10. Possibly Mary misun­derstood you. 11. Perhaps Henry waited for us there. 12. Possibly Ann returned very late last night. 13. Possibly they have seen the new play. 1 4. Perhaps Nick has left his exercise-book at home.

Упр. 494. Перефразируйте следующие пред­ложения, употребляя модальный глагол may.

1. Perhaps he is at home, but I am not sure he is. 2. It is possible that we studied at the same school, but I don't remember her. 3. Perhaps she was proud of her knowledge, but she never showed it to her classmates. 4. Perhaps there was a chance for him to win the match. 5. Perhaps Peter was as capable as the old workers, but he was given no chance to show his skill. 6. It is possible that your brother has never heard about this singer. 7. Perhaps she tried to enter the university, but failed. 8. It is possible that you asked the wrong people, that's why you didn't get the right an­swer. 9. Perhaps our friends will arrive here to­morrow. 10. Perhaps they will come home very soon: be ready. 11. Perhaps the question was too difficult for her. 12. Try this delicious drink: perhaps you will like it. 13. Why didn't Nick ring us up? — It is possible that he forgot about it.