Задание. Дз англ от 16.04.22. Ex. 5 Перевод текста
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Д/з от 16.04.2022 года. Ex.5 Перевод текста: Glimpses of History of Money. At different periods of time and in different parts of the world many different commodities have served as money. These commodities were cattle, sheep, furs, leather, fish, tobacco, tea, salt, shells etc. The experts underline that to serve effectively as money; a commodity should be fairly durable, easily divisible, and portable. None of the above-mentioned commodities possessed all these qualities, and in time they were superseded by precious metals. First they were superseded by silver and later by gold. When a payment was made the metal was first weighed out. The next stage was the cutting of the metal into pieces of definite weight and so coins came into use. Paper money first came into use in the form of receipts given by goldsmiths in exchange for deposits of silver and gold coins. After goldsmiths became bankers their receipts became banknotes. That's how the first banknotes came into existence. At first coins were worth their face value as metal. But later token coins of limited value as legal tender were issued. Now smaller denomination coins are made from bronze and are often referred to as coppers. Bigger denomination coins are made from cupronickel and are usually called silver. Проблески истории денег. В разные периоды времени и в разных частях мира многие различные товары служили деньгами. Этими товарами являлись: крупный рогатый скот, овцы, меха, кожа, рыба, табак, чай, соль, ракушки и т.д. Эксперты подчеркивают, что для эффективного использования в качестве денег товар должен быть достаточно долговечным, легко делимым и портативным. Ни один из вышеупомянутых товаров не обладал всеми этими качествами, и со временем они были вытеснены драгоценными металлами. Сначала они были заменены серебром, а затем золотом. Когда производился платеж, металл сначала взвешивался. Следующим этапом: была резка металла на куски определенного веса, и так в обиход вошли монеты. Бумажные деньги впервые вошли в обиход в виде расписок, выдаваемых ювелирами в обмен на депозиты серебряных и золотых монет. После того, как ювелиры стали банкирами, их квитанции превратились в банкноты. Так появились первые банкноты. Сначала монеты стоили своей номинальной стоимости как металл. Но позже были выпущены токены ограниченной стоимости в качестве законного платежного средства. Сейчас монеты меньшего номинала изготавливаются из бронзы и их часто называют копами. Монеты большего номинала изготавливаются из мельхиора и обычно называются серебряными. Ex.6 Ответы на вопросы. What commodities served as money in the past? - Какие товары служили деньгами в прошлом? Ответ: These commodities were cattle, sheep, furs, leather, fish, tobacco, tea, salt, shells etc. The experts underline that to serve effectively as money; a commodity should be fairly durable, easily divisible, and portable. What are the requirements of a commodity to serve as money? - Каковы требования к товару, чтобы он служил деньгами Ответ: The experts underline that to serve effectively as money; a commodity should be fairly durable, easily divisible, and portable. Why did precious metals start to serve as money? - Почему драгоценные металлы начали служить деньгами? Ответ: None of the goods had long-lasting qualities, and over time they were replaced by precious metals. What precious metal was used first to serve as money? - Какой драгоценный металл был впервые использован в качестве денег? Ответ: At first, the goods were replaced with silver. What precious metal was used then? - Какой драгоценный металл использовался тогда? Ответ: And then the silver was replaced with gold. How did coins come into existence? - Как появились монеты? Ответ: When a payment was made the metal was first weighed out. The next stage was the cutting of the metal into pieces of definite weight and so coins came into use. How did paper banknotes come into existence? - Как появились бумажные банкноты? Ответ: Paper money first came into use in the form of receipts given by goldsmiths in exchange for deposits of silver and gold coins. After goldsmiths became bankers their receipts became banknotes. What coins are called silver? - Какие монеты называются серебряными? Ответ: Bigger denomination coins are made from cupronickel and are usually called silver. What are coppers? - Что такое копы? Ответ: Smaller denomination coins are made from bronze and are often referred to as coppers. Ex.7 Перевод: face value – номинальная стоимость legal tender – законное платежное средство a new issue – новый выпуск cutting of the metal into pieces - резка металла на куски paper money – бумажные деньги in exchange for deposits – в обмен на депозиты bigger denominations coins – монеты большего номинала Ex.8 Вставить слова по смыслу. When a payment was made the metal was fist weighed out. But later token coins of limited value as legal tender were issued. Now smaller denomination coins are made from bronze. In time they were superseded by precious metals. First they were superseded by silver and later by gold. |