Сочинение. 2 семестр ЗО ГГз-19-01. Грамматика Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий
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14. Переведите текст о Российской Федерации. THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Russia, also officially known as the Russian Federation, is the largest country in the world, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth’s surface. Its total area is over 17 million square kilometers. Our country is the world’s ninth most populous nation with nearly 144 million people. In the south Russia borders on China, Mongolia, North Korea, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the west it borders on Norway, Finland, the Baltic States, Poland, Belarus and the Ukraine. It also has sea borders with the USA and Japan. There is hardly a country in the world where such a variety of scenery and vegetation can be found. Here you can see numerous forests and fields, plains and steppes, taiga and tundra. The highest mountains on the Russian territory are the Altai, the Urals and the Caucasus. The largest mountain chain – the Urals – separates Europe from Asia. Russia is washed by 12 seas – the Black Sea, the Baltic and the Caspian Sea are among them; by more than two million rivers like the Volga, the Ob’, the Yenisey, the Lena, the Amur, and by 3 oceans – the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic. Our country is also rich in various lakes with the most beautiful, deepest and purest lake in the world – the Baikal. The Russian Federation spans ten time zones. On its vast territory there are various types of climate, from arctic in the north to subtropical in the south. In the middle of the country the climate is temperate and continental. Russia is one of the richest in natural resources countries in the world: oil, natural gas, coal, different ores, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, gold, copper, nickel and others. The Russian economy ranked tenth in nominal GDP and sixth in purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia’s extensive mineral and energy resources have made it one of the largest producers of oil and natural gas globally. According to the Constitution of Russia, our country is a federation and semi-presidential Republic, where the President is the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of the government. The Russian Federation is fundamentally structured as a multi-party representative democracy with the federal government composed of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The legislative power belongs to the Federal Assembly comprising two Chambers: the Council of Federation and the State Duma. The Federal Assembly adopts federal laws, declares war and approves treaties. It has the power of the purse and the power of impeachment of the President. The executive power is exercised by the government composed of the Prime Minister (the chairman of the government), deputy prime ministers and federal ministers. The judicial power belongs to the system of courts comprising the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and Federal Courts. The President is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. He can veto legislative bills before they become laws, appoints the government of Russia and other officers, who administer and enforce federal laws and policies. The President is elected by popular vote for a six-year term (eligible for a second term, but not for a third consecutive term). The national symbols of Russia are: a three-coloured flag (a white-blue-and-red banner), a national emblem (a two-headed eagle) and a national anthem. Russia is a great power and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, a member of the G20, the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organisation (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) and one of the 5 members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Moscow is the capital city of the Russian Federation. It is a main political, economic, cultural and scientific centre in Russia and one of the most beautiful cities on the globe. In 2014 Moscow was ranked ninth among the most expensive cities in the world, one of the world’s largest urban economies and fastest growing tourist destinations in the world. Its total area is 2,511 sq.km. The population of Moscow is more than 12 million people. The size and beauty of Moscow greatly impress the visitors and guests of the capital and it is always dear to the hearts of Russian people. Примечания к тексту: gross domestic product (GDP) – валовой внутренний продукт purchasing power parity – паритет покупательной способности adopt – (официально) принимать что-либо treaty – договор, соглашение, конвенция purse – денежный фонд, казна impeachment – импичмент (процедура привлечения к ответственности высших должностных лиц) administer – проводить в жизнь (законы) enforce – проводить в жизнь; придавать законную силу (правовому акту); осуществлять, приводить в исполнение popular vote – народное голосование eligible – имеющий право быть избранным (в должность) consecutive – последовательный; (непрерывно) следующий друг за другом term – срок, определенный период the United Nations Security Council – Совет безопасности ООН G20 (Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors) –«Большая двадцатка» – группа наиболее развитых индустриальных стран. officer – чиновник the Council of Europe – Совет Европы the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) – организация Азиатско-Тихоокеанского экономического сотрудничества (АТЭС) the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation – Шанхайская организация сотрудничества the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) – Организация по безопасности и сотрудничеству в Европе the World Trade Organization (WTO) – Всемирная торговая организация the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) – Организация Договора о коллективной безопасности the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) – Евразийский экономический союз 15. Найдите в тексте правильные английские соответствия для следующих русских выражений. 1) покрывать более 1/8 поверхности земли; 2) 9-я по численности населения нация в мире; 3) граничить с Грузией и Украиной; 4) иметь морские границы с Японией; 5) разнообразие пейзажа и растительности; 6) многочисленные равнины и степи; 7) отделять Европу от Азии; 8) охватывать 10 часовых поясов; 9) Россия омывается 12 морями и тремя океанами; 10) на ее обширной территории; 11) субтропический и умеренный климат; 12) различные руды, черные и цветные металлы; 13) согласно конституции; 14) федерация и полупрезидентская республика; 15) глава государства и глава правительства; 16) многопартийная представительная демократия; 17) законодательная, исполнительная и судебная ветви власти; 18) Федеральное Собрание включает в себя две Палаты; 19) осуществляется правительством; 20) возглавляемый премьер-министром; 21) Конституционный и Верховный Суд; 22) флаг, герб и гимн – национальные символы; 23) занимать 9-е место среди столиц; 24) главный политический, культурный и научный центр; 25) самое быстро развивающееся туристическое направление; 26) производить огромное впечатление на гостей. 16. Решите, являются ли утверждения верными / неверными, согласно информации из текста. The Russian Federation is one of the world’s smallest countries. Russia is the ninth most populous state on the globe. Our country has no sea borders with any foreign states. The Russian landscape is monotonous over the wholeterritory. The climate varies very much in different parts of the country. Russia is a constitutional monarchy. Our land is rich in various natural resources. The Russian President is the head of the government. The state anthem of Russia is one of its national symbols. Moscow is one of the provincial towns of our country. The President of the Russian Federation is elected for four years. Moscow doesn’t rank any leading place among other capital cities. Moscow belongs to one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world. Three Chambers compose the Federal Assembly. The Prime Minister can veto legislative bills. The Armed Forces are under command of the Supreme Court. 17. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту. What area does Russia occupy? How many people live in our country? What countries does it have borders with in the south? Does Russia border on any countries in the west? What are they? How can you characterize Russian nature? What are the highest mountain chains in Russia? What famous Russian rivers and lakes do you know? What oceans and seas is Russia washed by? How many time zones are there in the country? What types of climate can be found here? What natural resources does our land possess? What features Russia’s economy? How can you define the political system in the Russian Federation? Who is the head of the Russian state? Do you know his/her name? What is the structure of the legislative power? Who is the executive branch exercised by? What does the judicial power comprise? Who is the head of the Armed Forces in our country? What can the Russian President do? How is the President elected? How many consecutive terms can he serve? What are the national symbols of the Russian Federation? What role does Russia play in the global political system? How can you describe the capital city of Russia? What is the population and total area of Moscow? 18. Найдите в тексте правильные английские соответствия для следующих дефиниций. 1) the head of the government 2) the style and design of a building 3) to consist of particular parts, groups, etc. 4) the top layer of an area of water or land 5) the official line that separates two countries 6) the ability or right to control people or events 7) plants in general 8) to include all of a particular space or area 9) the group of people who govern a country or state 10) an occasion when people vote for someone to represent them 11) relating to the law, judges, or their decisions 12) having a large population in relation to its size 13) a picture, shape, or object that is used to represent a country, organization 14) the place that someone or something is going to 15) relating to towns and cities 16) about or related to science, or using its methods. ТЕМА: Башкортостан РАБОТА С ТЕКСТОМ И ЛЕКСИКОЙ 19. Выучите следующие слова и выражения.
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