английский. Конкурс Кращий навчальнометодичний посібник 2014
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Part IV (True/False)Text 1 Read the article on tourism. Decide which of sentences 1-8 are true (T) and which are false (F), according to the text. Getting off the Beaten Track Back in the 1980s and early 1990s, when Africans first realized that tourism might be a way out of poverty, they built big concrete hotels on the beaches of Kenya, South Africa and other countries. For some time numerous charter flights came from Germany and Italy. Tourists hoping to see lions in nature reserves - but also expecting to enjoy the comforts of home - packed into overcrowded resorts that were trying to look like the Mediterranean. That was then. Fortunately, a new kind of travel is in fashion now. Today’s tourists are leaving the European-style hotels for more authentic experiences, like horseback-riding through the bush. Sitting by the fire at night after a typical dinner of meat stew, pumpkin leaves and wild spinach, they listen to the local Xhosa people telling folk stries. This experience is not offered by a multinational tour operator but by the Xhosa themselves, through a small, locally run firm called Amadiba Adventures. The money they earn will provide the Xhosa tour guides with an income two and a half times the average local wage. In many ways, this off-the-beaten-track holiday represents the future of global tourism. Despite difficulties, international and domestic tourism is expected to grow fast over the next two decades. While a global recession and the terrorist attacks of 9/11 pushed down tourist numbers in 2001 for the first time since 1982, the impact was less than many had expected. Longer- term trends, including a rise in global wealth, improving transport technology, cheaper flights and the use of the Internet as a travel tool, will make it possible for more people around the world to travel than ever before. Last year there were 693 million international tourist arrivals. The World Tourism Organization expects that number to increase to more than 1 billion by 2010. Tomorrow’s tourists will come from new places; the number of Asian, and particularly Chinese, tourists is predicted to explode as that region becomes more integrated into the global economy. Future tourists will also want to do different things. While sun-and-sea tourism still dominates, overcrowding and time pressures mean that the standard two-week beach holiday is becoming less popular. Rather than spending two weeks on a beach, Americans and Europeans are now taking shorter but more varied trips, causing the rapid development of adventure travel, ecotourism, cultural tours, spa holidays, cruises and sports vacations in ever more distant places: China, the Maldives, Botswana, Western travelers who have ‘been there and done that’ choose more exotic, individualized experiences. Local governments and firms are trying hard to satisfy this new demand, which offers them the opportunity to make huge profits from tourism. Hotels built in Africa in the 1980s and early 1990s were totally different from European hotels. T / F Twenty years ago, tourists from Europe, while on holiday in Africa, expected the same conditions they were used to in their own countries. T / F There are no African agencies providing services to European tourists. T / F African tour guides earn less than people doing other jobs. T / F According to expectations, the tourist industry is facing a serious crisis in the near future. T / F The number of tourists from China is expected to grow fast. T / F Sunbathing at the seaside is still the most popular form of holiday. T / F There is little chance that new types of holidays, like adventure travel or cultural tours, will be offered in African countries. T / F Text 2 Read the article about shopping trends in Japan, and decide which of sentences 1-8 are true (T) and which are false (F), according to the text. BUSY LITTLE BUYERS It's a typical Sunday afternoon at Tokyo's Girl Is Girl store and customers crowd into this mecca of Japanese teen fashion. 11-year-old Chihiro holds up a lemon yellow shirt with hearts and stars and says longingly. This is so cute. The next time I'll come with Mum. Her two friends nod in agreement. Chihiro and her friends are no ordinary shoppers; they are about the only dynamic consumers left in the sluggish Japanese economy. Marketers call them 'bubble juniors': the 9- to 14- year-old daughters of Japanese women who spent lavishly as carefree twentysomethings during Japan's 'bubble' years of the 1980s. They are the potential trendsetters, like college girls in the 1980s and high-school girls in the 1990s. Since Japan entered its recession, the retail- clothing industry has been in a tailspin. Clothes sales at Japan's department stores have shrunk by almost 10% in the last five years. All the traditional market sectors - men's, women's and children's - have suffered. Only recently did Japanese clothing lines awaken to the purchasing power of the bubble juniors. The girls are a unique and profitable niche. They don't want to wear what's in the kids' section. Rather, they mix mature styles with bright colours and childlike frills. Last March an entire floor of one of Tokyo's biggest fashion shopping centres was renovated to serve the junior girls. Sales have since jumped 30%. The market expansion is all the more impressive given that the target age group is shrinking. While it may not be an endless supply of consumer energy, this bright spot in the national economy is enough to excite everybody from clothing designers to magazine publishers. Total financial dependence on their parents would seem to be a serious strike against these junior shoppers. But it's not a problem, say analysts. A girl often has a fashionable mum and two sets of doting grandparents. Bubble mums, unlike those of earlier generations, are comfortable spending a fortune on outfits that might be worn for only one season. Industry insiders are betting that the bubble- junior craze can be exported elsewhere in Asia. So far the signs look good. Nicola, a monthly magazine that is the bible for bubble juniors, printed 10,000 copies of an issue in Shanghai, China, and immediately sold out. The affluent middle class in China's coastal cities offers more young customers. Their increasing interest in fashion and the culture in which they take good care of their children is promising. Adapted from Newsweek 'Bubble juniors' are all Japanese children from a certain age group. T / F Young girls have been known to set fashion trends in Japan before. T / F Clothes sales in Japan have increased by 10% in recent years. T / F Japanese 9- to 14-year-old girls choose clothes that give them a mature look. T / F Analysts estimate the number of 'bubble juniors' in Japan will shrink. T / F Young girls’ mothers today are less willing than their grandparents to spend on their children's clothes. T / F Nicola magazine sells 10,000 copies each month. T / F Market trends emerging in China are similar to those in Japan. T / F |