МКК_КР2. Морозова_Контрольная №1. Контрольная работа 1 (лексика) студентка фзо 1202, Морозова Ксения Дмитриевна Тел 89065281132
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Контрольная работа №1 (лексика) Выполнила: студентка ФЗО 1-20-2, Морозова Ксения Дмитриевна Тел: 89065281132 Email:kseniamorozova993@gmail.com 2022 Раздел 1 Учебные материалы: Cambridge English vocabulary in use advanced Units 51-54 51.1 Anesthetist Cardiologist Paediatrician Ophthalmologist Obstetrician Dermatologist 51.2 I need to phone the surgery to make an appointment for a blood test. He suffers from chronic bronchitis – it comes back year after year. The doctor wrote me prescription for some painkillers. The GP decided to refer Alex to a specialist. Chris has a skin condition which is taking a long time to clear up. I saw a very nice locum because out normal GP was on leave. The heart is the organ which pumps blood around our bodies. Lydia had her appendix removed after an acute attack of appendicitis. 51.3 What is the name of your Is there are prescription In your country is there a similar structure of primary care and Do doctors often do Are there insurance When it comes to healthcare, do many people in your country How popular is Have you ever been to a specialist who practices some kind of 51.4 Our family dentist's name is Evgeny Georgievich. In our country, a doctor prescribes a prescription to everyone who needs it both within the framework of the CHI system and within the framework of providing paid medical services. In my country, there is not only primary and secondary medical care, but also emergency and palliative care. The doctor does home visit to the patient only when the patient himself goes to the ambulance. Yes, there are. Yes, in my country, the number of private sectors is growing every year and, accordingly, the quality of healthcare is improving. I rarely come across such a concept as complementary medicine in my life, so, unfortunately, I do not have this information. Yes, as a child I had problems with my legs, so my parents decided to refer to a chiropractor. 52.1 She was feeling under the weather and a bit feverish, so she took the day off. I felt really off colour yesterday and my head was throbbing, so I took a painkiller. I felt a bit out of sorts and seemed to have more aches and pains than usual. Maria has backache after carrying that heavy suitcase of yours. Freddie has been fighting off a cold for the last few days. I’m sorry I won’t make it to your party because I’ve come down with flu. Do you suffer from any allergies? How did you get all those cuts and bruises? 52.2 I was feeling quite feverish. The smell of paint always made her feel nauseous. I felt dizzy, so I went and lay down for an hour. My nose was bunged up, so I got a spray from a chemist. I got a stiff neck from driving for a long time in an awkward position. Laura was shivery and looked unwell, so I told her to go to bed. My knee hurts today because I twisted it getting out of Andrei’s sports car yesterday. I had a sleepless night last night. 52.3
*In the keys, "fight off" was attributed to both a negative and a positive group. I still attributed it to the positive. Ex. Fight off – избавиться, отогнать Fight off a cold – избавитьсяотпростуды - This is a positive outcome. 52.4 Hello, Dan, good to see you back on your feet again. I won’t be in today, I’ve come down with a cold. Oh, I’m OK. I’m over the worst now. I still feel bad, but I should be out within a week or so. Don’t worry, darling. Everyone has a cold now and then. You’ll get over. I’m trying to fight off the flu, but nothing seems to help. I don’t think I’ll be at work tomorrow. Lily was quite ill last week, but she’s on the mend now and should be back at work on Monday. I feel a bit under the weather today, but I’m sure I’ll be fine tomorrow. I used to suffer from a dust allergy, but I don’t think I do any more. 53.1 Anorexia is a serious eating disorder in which a person tries to eat as little as possible. The doctor asked me a lot of question about my medical history. Far more children these days are allergic to nuts than ever before. It is important not to exceed the number of pills the doctor tells you to take. Talk to your pharmacist if you suffer any adverse reactions to the tablets. My grandfather had a stroke last year. Doctors use the word stool but children talk about poo. If you vomit, you are sick. Disorientation can be the results of a bang on the hand. Maria is not allowed to drive for the duration of her treatment. 53.2 Excitement Although industry is doing well in the north of the country, in the south it is The manager said that there had been a Unfortunately, she is still The problems we have experienced in our neighborhood are symptomatic What do you think the I voted for the Green Party because they seem The business has been I’m afraid I have rather a jaundiced 53.3 The country has been paralysed by the latest rail strike, with no rail services at all running today. The railway services has been ailing for some time, but if today’s action is prolonged it may prove fatal to the rail industry. The Minister Transport commented: «The country has been suffering from a rush of local strikes since the first one in Nortown last month. It was contagious and one strike led to another. Things reached fever pitch last week and we can only hope that this disease will come to an end soon. The minister’s prognosis is that things will only start to improve once people appreciate the seriousness of the situation. 54.1 Eggs and shellfish are nutritious. Cholesterol-rich foods are fine eaten in moderation. These foods do not necessarily pose a danger to health. The most important thing is not to impede the flow of blood. Fatty plaque can clog the arteries. Scientists recommended a high-fibre diet. Running is a good form cardiovascular exercise. Brisk walking is also good for you. Jogging is a great way to burn calories. To do enough of this kind of exercise, you don’t have to be sporty. 54.2 A heart attack and stroke. High-fibre; High-energy; high calorie. Protein-rich; vitamin-rich. Because they are hich-fibre and hich-fibre foods cause less fat to be absorbed by the blood vessels. He is intent on doing more exercise. Diabetics might be interested in helping their insulin to work more effectively. BMI Metabolism. 54.3 Football Football Football Horse racing Horse racing Skating Sailing 54.4 Elsa sailed through her exam I wish he’d stop skating around the point. I’ve been told that I am in the running for the job of supervisor. I scored an own goal when I offered to help with the washing up so I could borrow Dad’s car. Now my parents expect me to do it every night. It is hardly a level playing field when 18-year-olds take the same exam as 15-year-olds. It’s hard to know what to do when the goalposts are constantly being moved. The two candidates are neck and neck in the race to become President. 54.5 How much exercise do you do every week? In general, I try to do exercise every day to stretch all my muscles. And also twice a week I want to go to the pool. What type of exercise do you do? I perform stretching of the whole body for proper muscle tone. Do you know how many calories you burn? I believe that it is not necessary to count calories at all. Most often, this leads to disorders and various breakdowns against the background of the fact that you are not happy with your result. What about diet? Now I consider my diet to be ideal. I try to consume more fiber and limit myself to foods that are cholesterol- rich. Recently, I have become very fond of vegetable protein and whole grain cereals. 2. Fraze it In the running: She will raise her difficulty level, and she will be in the running for the top. Она повысит свой уровень сложности и будет бороться за первое место. The same three teams are in the running for DHs Vladimir Guerrero and Jim Thome. Те же три команды претендуют на Dh Владимира Герреро и Джима Тома. The Plan B song She Said is in the running for most performed work of last year. Песня Plan B, по ее словам, претендует на звание самой исполняемой работы прошлого года. National insurance National insurance which was intended to pay for the service, has just gone up. Государственное страхование, которое предназначалось для оплаты этой услуги, только что подорожало. National insurance contributions are paid by both employers and employees. Взносы на государственное страхование уплачиваются как работодателями, так и наемными работниками. National insurance has nothing to do with the NHS, which is funded from general taxation. Национальное страхование не имеет ничего общего с Национальной службой здравоохранения, которая финансируется за счет общего налогообложения. To fight off a cold Is there evidence that a supplement would be useful in helping fight off a cold? Есть ли доказательства того, что пищевая добавка была бы полезна в борьбе с простудой? Having a bottle of fruit cordial in the cupboard and making a hot drink could help fight off the symptoms of festive cold and flu. Наличие в шкафу бутылки фруктового ликера и приготовление горячего напитка могут помочь справиться с симптомами праздничной простуды и гриппа. The men are believed to have lit a can filled with used motor oil to fight off the cold, but about 11 p.m. Monday the can tipped over, spreading the flaming oil onto the floor. Считается, что мужчины подожгли банку, наполненную использованным моторным маслом, чтобы избавиться от простуды, но около 11 часов вечера в понедельник банка опрокинулась, и горящее масло растеклось по полу. To get over I'd advise you unhelpfully to get over it, but even that's not going far enough. Я бы бесполезно посоветовал вам смириться с этим (преодолеть это), но даже этого недостаточно. This year, however, that was a low bar to get over, so I adjusted the threshold. Однако в этом году это была низкая планка, которую нужно было преодолеть, поэтому я скорректировал порог. The way I look at it, the way to get over a bad outing is to take a good shower. С моей точки зрения, способ преодолеть неудачную прогулку - это принять хороший душ. Pose a danger Flooding may pose less of a danger to the hospital's power supply in the future. В будущем наводнение может представлять меньшую опасность для электроснабжения больницы. The jellyfish in the photos didn't look like they'd pose a danger to swimmers. Медузы на фотографиях не выглядели так, как будто они представляли опасность для пловцов. Their soft sides pose a danger because a child could lean over and fall in head-first. Их мягкие бока представляют опасность, потому что ребенок может наклониться и упасть головой вперед. To intent on Had this couple been intent on causing harm, they certainly had the opportunity. Если бы эта пара намеревалась причинить вред, у них, безусловно, была такая возможность. Worse, the Legislature seems intent on weakening current growth-management laws. Хуже того, законодательный орган, похоже, намерен ослабить действующие законы об управлении ростом. A bystander with Ruger intent on ending the violence almost shot the wrong guy. Случайный прохожий с "Ругером", намеревающийся положить конец насилию, чуть не застрелил не того парня. Neck and neck If it is not the best play of its genre ever, it is neck and neck with the best. Если это и не лучшая пьеса в своем жанре, то она идет рука об руку с лучшими. To be sure, growth and value stocks have been running neck and neck this year. Будь уверен, темп роста и стоимость акций в этом году идут рука об руку. As the campaign draws to a close, the two candidates are virtually neck-and-neck. По мере того как кампания подходит к концу, два кандидата практически идут рука об руку. 3. The pieces of advice relating to diet and fitness If you are trying to maintain your weight or reduce it, then don’t score a goal in your own goal and don’t eat a huge amount of foods that disrupt metabolism. These are products such as: flour products, sugar, jam and chocolates. With increased insulin, you should skate around such products as: sugar, mayonnaise, fried meat, yeast bread and other products that negatively affect the composition of our blood. Develop a sporty spirit in yourself: do physical jerks, play outdoor sports and harden up; and then you will sail through health problems. Reduce in your diet foods that are cholesterol-rich — they provoke the appearance of vascular plaques. Try to eat more vegetables and fruits: they are high-fibre and impede the development of vascular problems. Do not get carried away with excessive physical exertion, especially on an empty stomach, it poses a danger to the normal functioning of our body. Раздел 2 Features of the UK healthcare system
Раздел 3 The Queen's lifelong love of animals from 11.09
Putin orders mass mobilisation and issues nuclear warning - BBC News from 22.09
Раздел 4 The Guardian 24.09.2022 by Camilla Stoddart Want to get a good night’s sleep? First of all, stop trying As a sleep coach, I regularly meet people who have “tried everything” to get more sleep. They have read every article on the subject and devoured every tip on the internet and then adjusted and readjusted their routines based on the advice they have found. Many of them are doing all the right things – spending time winding down before bed, curbing screen time, meditating – but still they struggle. The problem is that when it comes to sleep, unlike almost every other area of life, effort is not rewarded. In fact, it is actively punished. The more you try, the less you are likely to succeed. This is because sleep is a passive process, like breathing or digesting. It cannot be controlled and nothing we can do can force it to happen. If we can stop trying, sleep will naturally follow. But not trying to sleep is extremely hard, especially when you are exhausted and desperate. Instead, I get my clients to shift their attention towards the main causes of sleeplessness: lack of sleep drive and hyper arousal. Tackling these two factors (which happily respond very well to a bit of effort) can then create the right conditions to allow sleep to happen all on its own. The more scientifically sound advice addresses these factors too, but it also unintentionally gives the false impression that you are able to make yourself sleep by doing certain things and so creates a frustrating cycle that is difficult to break. Insomnia is like a Chinese finger trap which grips tighter the more you pull your finger away. The only way out of the trap is to go against your instincts and push. Sometimes you have to do things differently to get a different outcome. Here are seven ways to improve your sleep that might just work, as long as you don’t try too hard. Give up trying to sleep tonight As brutal as it sounds, there is nothing you can do between now and bedtime to guarantee that you will sleep tonight. There is, however, plenty you can start doing to improve your chances of sleeping well next month. It takes time to optimise your sleep drive and reduce hyper arousal, and there are no quick fixes, so instead of worrying about the night ahead, make sleeping well a long-term goal and expect to see progress in a few weeks rather than tomorrow. Breathe less According to James Nestor, author of Breath: The New Science of a Lost Art, modern humans tend to over-breathe, which can raise blood pressure and keep us in a state of constant nervous arousal. Slowing your breathing down from our regular 12–20 breaths per minute to four or five breaths per minute engages the parasympathetic nervous system which counteracts this arousal. To boost your chances of better sleep, consciously slow your breathing down for at least 10 minutes a day (breathe in for roughly five seconds and out for around seven seconds). Do this sitting comfortably, focusing on each breath, though it works just as well if you do it during regular activities like watching TV, hanging out the washing or working at your desk. Don’t do it just before bed, however, because relaxation techniques can be the opposite of relaxing when you desperately want them to send you to sleep. In fact, tackling hyper arousal should be thought of as a 24-hour project rather than something you do only in the run-up to bedtime. Introducing a breathing exercise every morning, for example, will not only help you to feel calmer during the day, it will also reduce the amount of hyper arousal you have to deal with at night. Have a late night The only thing that generates sleep-drive is being awake, in the same way that the only thing that generates hunger is not eating. Adults need to be awake for at least 16 hours to generate enough sleep-drive to sleep for eight hours at night. However sensible it seems, having an early night can mean you won’t be sleepy enough to fall asleep quickly and easily, which can lead to frustration and anxiety about sleeping. If you have been having trouble falling asleep, get up at roughly the same time every day, including at weekends, and make your earliest bedtime roughly 16 hours later. But don’t obsess about the exact times or the hours of sleep you are getting – the details don’t matter. And don’t take naps in the day – they take the edge off your appetite for sleep, like having a snack just before sitting down to a three-course meal. Wind up your wind-down routine If you have an elaborate wind-down routine that takes up your whole evening but doesn’t often lead to a good night’s sleep, maybe it’s time to try something different. Ask yourself which elements of your routine you enjoy and which elements you put yourself through purely because you think they will help you sleep. For example, if you look forward to having a bath at the end of the day, then have a lovely hot bath. However, if you don’t enjoy having a bath but feel anxious that you won’t sleep if you don’t have one, then stop. Instead, reclaim your evenings and spend the time doing relaxing things you actually like doing, such as watching TV in bed or scrolling through Instagram reels. It isn’t the blue light from the screen that is keeping you awake, it is anxiety about whether you will sleep or not. Doing something you enjoy is the best way to overrule this anxiety and will help you look forward to bedtime rather than dread it. Embrace being awake One of the things that perpetuate insomnia is a fear of being awake. This triggers the body’s fight or flight response, with its accompanying cocktail of stress hormones. To retrain your brain to not react this way, you need to make friends with being awake. Hard as this sounds, try to accept it as part of your night and instead of spending the time worrying and getting more anxious, do something that genuinely gives you pleasure like listening to a comedy podcast or an audio book, watching old family videos or doing Wordle. Stay in bed if you can remain relaxed there, but, if not, get up and find a cosy spot elsewhere until you feel sleepy enough to go back. If this seems too gentle and slow an approach, try facing the fear of being awake head on by keeping your eyes open for as long as possible. Doing the exact opposite of what you want to happen reduces the pressure to fall asleep and stops you trying so hard. This is called paradoxical intention and it was developed by the Austrian neuroscientist and psychiatrist Viktor Frankl who said: “Sleep [is like] a dove which has landed near one’s hand and stays there as long as one does not pay any attention to it; if one attempts to grab it, it quickly flies away.” Trying to stay awake at night might just help you fall asleep. Smile more A quick way to counteract stress hormones is to crack a smile. Smiling releases serotonin, dopamine and endorphins, all of which reduce hyper arousal and promote relaxation. As you turn the light out at night, try to think of something funny or imagine someone you love and smile to yourself in the dark. Likewise when you wake up in the middle of the night. It doesn’t have to be a genuine, heartfelt smile; even a fake smile is enough to send a message to the brain that reduces stress and lowers your heart rate. It may feel like the last thing you want to do when you’ve woken up yet again, but it can be an incredibly powerful way to change your mood and retrain the brain to be comfortable with being awake, thereby reducing hyper arousal and allowing sleep to follow. As a former insomniac myself, I do this when stress occasionally wakes me up in the early hours and it works brilliantly – however bleak or anxious I am feeling at 3am, I can usually fall back to sleep quickly and easily. Furthermore, my clients report that it helps them feel less alone in the night, more positive about their sleep and less likely to let their thoughts spiral downwards. Stop reading articles about sleep Colin Espie, professor of sleep medicine at Oxford University, defines insomnia as a “preoccupation with sleep”, and when you are having trouble sleeping, it’s very easy to become obsessed by it. But none of the researching, monitoring or analysing actually leads to better sleep. In fact, constantly looking for a solution is undoubtedly making things worse. So give sleepless of your attention. Make this the last article you read on the subject, then go and find something more interesting to think about.
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