Методические указания для студентовбакалавров 1го курса дневного отделения
 Скачать 350.5 Kb.
|
Part IILondon
1.17.Answer the following questions.
1.18.Read and learn the following words and word combinations.
1.19.Read and translate the text to learn more about the British capital. LondonLondon is the capital of Great Britain and is a very big city. It began life two thousand years ago as a Roman fortification. Around the town the Romans built a wall for defence. Today not many people live in the city centre but London has spread further outwards into the country including surrounding villages. Greater London now covers about 1600 square kilometres. The population of Greater London is about 12 million. It is difficult to speak about the centre of London as of one definite place. As a matter of fact it has a number of centres each with a distinct character: the financial and business centre is called the City, the shopping and entertainment centre is the West End, the government centre is Westminster, and the industrial part is the East End. The City of London is the oldest part of the capital. It is just a small area but it is the centre of trade and commerce. It is one of the biggest banking centres in the world. Here you will find the Bank of England and the banks of many nations. Nearby is the Stock Exchange, which is like a busy market where shares in commercial companies are bought and sold. A little further is Lloyd’s, the most famous insurance company in the world. The Central Criminal Court of the country is also to be found in the City. It is called the Old Bailey after the street in which it is situated. Fleet Street is famous as the home of the nation’s newspapers but, in fact, only two of them – the Daily Express and the Daily Telegraph – are still in Fleet Street. However, people still say Fleet Street when they mean the press. The East End is an industrial part of London. It grew with the spread of industry to the east of the City and the growth of the port of London. It covers a wide area, and there are many wharves and warehouses along the river banks. The East End markets are famous throughout the world. Petticoat Lane market takes place every Sunday morning and has become one of the sights of London. The West End is the name given to the area of central London. It includes Trafalgar Square, the main shopping areas of Oxford Street, Regent Street, Bond Street and the entertainment centres of Soho, Piccadilly Circus, Leicester Square and Shaftesbury Avenue. The name West End is associated with glamour and bright lights. Most of London’s big department stores are situated in Oxford Street and Regent Street. Trafalgar Square was built at the beginning of the 19th century to commemorate the Battle of Trafalgar. Admiral Lord Nelson’s statue stands on top of a column in the middle of Trafalgar Square. The large square is a traditional place for people to meet: all sorts of protest meetings are held there. Piccadilly Circus is the center of night life in the West End. To the north of Piccadilly Circus is Soho, which has been the foreign quarter of London since the 17th century. London is famous for its theatres. In the West End there are over thirty theatres. They offer a great variety of shows to choose from: opera, musicals, drama, comedies, whodunits, and so on. Every day, when people in the UK and overseas switch on their radio to listen to BBC radio news, they can hear one of the most famous sounds in London: the chimes of Big Ben on the tower of the Houses of Parliament. The Houses of Parliament occupy a magnificent building on the left bank of the Thames in a part of London called Westminster that has long been connected with royalty and government. Opposite the Houses of Parliament stands Westminster Abbey. A church has stood here since Saxon times. Since William the Conqueror’s times British monarchs have been crowned there, and since the 13th century they have been buried there. Many other famous people are also buried in Westminster Abbey. The street called Whitehall stretches from Parliament Square to Trafalgar Square. Whitehall is often associated with the government of Britain. Downing Street, which is a small side street of Whitehall, is the home of the Prime Minister who lives at number ten. 1.20.What new facts about London have you learned from the text?
1.21.Answer the following questions.
1.22.Are these statements true or false?
1.23.Give English equivalents of the following words and word combinations. Завоеватель, большое разнообразие цветов, достопримечательность, хоронить, страховая компания, широко распространенный, включать, вершина здания, известный по всему миру, величественный собор, связанный с историей города, покрывать, проводить митинг, фондовая биржа, бой башенных часов, акции, прилегающие деревни, в центре площади. 1.24.Fill in prepositions where necessary. Scotland Yard is the headquarters ... the Metropolitan Police ... London. ... most people, its name immediately brings ... mind the picture ... a detective – cool, collected, efficient, ready to track down any criminal. Scotland Yard is situated ... the Thames Embankment close ... the Houses ... Parliament and the familiar clock tower ... Big Ben. The name “Scotland Yard” originates ... the plot ... land adjoining Whitehall Palace where, ... the 14th century, the royalty and nobility ... Scotland stayed when visiting the English Court. The popular nickname ... the London policeman “bobby” is a tribute ... Sir Robert Peel, who introduced the police force ... 1829, and whose Christian name attached itself ... members ... the force. 1.25.Match the words in the left column with the definitions on the right.
1.26.Translate from Russian into English. 1. Лондон – один из самых больших и интересных городов мира. 2. В Лондоне и его пригородах проживают около 12 миллионов человек. 3. Западная часть Лондона – самая богатая часть города с прекрасными проспектами, фешенебельными магазинами, ресторанами и отелями. 4. Лондон известен своими архитектурными памятниками и бесценными коллекциями произведений искусства. 5. Букингемский дворец – Лондонская резиденция королевской семьи. 6. Смена караула у ворот Букингемского дворца – пышное зрелище, привлекающее внимание не только туристов, но и жителей Лондона. 7. Собор Святого Павла – прекрасный образец архитектуры эпохи Возрождения. 8. Биг Бен – это название колокола на одной из башен Британского парламента. 9. В течение многих столетий Тауэр был крепостью, дворцом, тюрьмой и королевской сокровищницей. 10. В Гайд-парке туристы могут прогуляться вдоль тенистых аллей, посидеть на траве и посмотреть на прекрасных лебедей и уток, плавающих в пруду. 11. В самом центре Сити, напротив главного банка Англии, стоит статуя Веллингтона – знаменитого английского генерала и государственного деятеля XIX в. 12. Мост Ватерлоо, один из красивейших мостов через Темзу, был назван так в честь победы под Ватерлоо в 1815г.
1.27.Read the texts below to get more interesting information about sights of London. Royal LondonWhen you are in London, you are always reminded of the city’s close connection with the Crown. There are royal palaces, royal parks and colourful ceremonies. The most important building in London, though not the most beautiful, is Buckingham Palace, which is the official residence of the Queen. It stands in St.James’s Park. St.James’s Park is one of the so-called royal parks situated in or near London. These parks officially belong to the Crown but are open to the public free of charge. These large parks are very good places for people to escape from traffic jams, crowded shops and the city noise. Each park has its own character. Hyde Park was originally a hunting forest, and it is still popular. Regent’s Park, which was also originally a hunting park, is now the home of London Zoo, and an open-air theatre which stages Shakespeare’s plays. Notes:
Answer the questions.
Windsor CastleWindsor Castle, standing on a rock overlooking the River Thames, was founded by William the Conqueror and was later fortified and enlarged by almost every monarch since the Norman Conquest. William and his early successors needed to secure their military position. William put the castle to guard the river crossing at Windsor. Henry II built the Massive Round Tower, and his grandson Henry III added some fortifications. Later, the famous St.George’s Chapel was added by the kings Edward IV, Henry VII and Henry VIII. Henry VIII also added a fortified gateway. Charles II and later monarchs continued to make alterations to suit the needs and fashions of the day, including the laying out of the Great Park as their personal estate. Nowadays Windsor Castle is a comfortable country place within an hour’s drive from the capital, where the Royal family can relax. Notes:
Answer the questions.
KnightsbridgeKnightsbridge is a part of London where you can find many foreign embassies, large glamorous hotels, and the department store that is a symbol of expensive and high-class living – Harrods. People say you can buy anything in Harrods, including wild animals. They even have a zoo which will sell you lion cubs as well as more common pets such as dogs, cats or parrots. Another place of interest here is the Albert Hall, a huge concert hall which gives concerts of popular classical music every summer. Three of London’s most interesting museums – the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Science Museum and the Natural History Museum – are also in this area. The Natural History Museum has exhibits of birds, animals and reptiles, as well as life-size reconstructions of prehistoric animals. The Victoria and Albert Museum includes exhibits from almost every place and period including theatre costumes and paintings. The Science Museum covers every aspect of science and technology, and its collections are constantly being enlarged. The museum is always crowded. In many rooms there are machines and computers which visitors can work themselves. Answer the questions.
1.28.Answer the questions and compare the facts with the British equivalents.
1.29.Comment on the following statements.
1.30.Describe the most fascinating place in London, in your native city, or in any city you have visited. 1.31.Imagine the situation when you are in London on a tour. Ask a passer-by to recommend you the most interesting places to visit. 1.32.Comment on the following proverbs and sayings. (Explain their meaning, give their Russian equivalents.)
1.33.Role play. A group of guides suggests possible sightseeing routes about London to their office director commenting on the peculiarities of different historical places. Each one speaks in favour of his/her suggestion trying to convince both the director and the guides that the route is the best. In the end the participants of the talk choose the most appropriate route. |