Part IV British Economy
Before you start.
1.52.Answer the following questions.
What do you know about British economy?
What fields of industry are best developed in the UK?
Vocabulary list.
1.53.Read and learn the following words and word combination.
coal deposits – угольное месторождение, залежи угля
surface – поверхность
mine – месторождение, шахта
wool – шерсть
cattle-farming – скотоводство
dairy-farming – молочное животноводство
Reading.
1.54.Read and translate the text to learn more about British economy.
British Economy
The United Kingdom was the first country in the world which became highly industrialized. During the rapid industrialization of the 19th century, one of the most important factors was that coal deposits were situated near the ground surface, which made mining easy. Coal mining is one of the most developed industries in Great Britain. The biggest coal and iron mines are in the north-east of England, near Newcastle, in Lancashire and Yorkshire; in Scotland near Glasgow, in Wales near Cardiff and Bristol.
Until recent times, Britain’s heavy industry was mainly concentrated in the centre of England and in the London region. Such towns as Birmingham, Coventry and Sheffield produced heavy machines, railway carriages and motor-cars. In the 20th century new branches of industry appeared: electronics, radio and chemical industries and others.
Of great importance for Britain is ship-building industry. It is concentrated in London, Glasgow, Newcastle, Liverpool and Belfast.
Great Britain produces a lot of wool, and woollen industry is developed in Yorkshire. British woolen products are exported to many countries.
Sea-ports play a great role in the life of the country. London, Liverpool and Glasgow are the biggest English ports, from which big liners go to all parts of the world. Great Britain exports industrial products to other countries and imports food and some other products.
Sheep-farming, cattle-farming and dairy-farming are also important branches of Great Britain’s economy. Chicken farms produce a great number of chickens and eggs for the population.
1.55.What new facts about British economy have you learned from the text?
Comprehension check.
1.56.Answer the following questions.
What is the most developed industry in Great Britain?
Where was Britain’s heavy industry mainly concentrated until recent times?
What branches of industry appeared in the 20th century?
What towns and cities is ship-building industry concentrated in?
Where is woollen industry concentrated?
Do sea-ports play a great role in the life of Great Britain?
Which are the biggest sea-ports of the country?
1.57.Are these statements true or false?
The United Kingdom was the first country in the world which became highly industrialized.
Great Britain produces a lot of silk.
Heavy industry in Britain was mainly concentrated in Scotland and Wales.
There are a lot of sea-ports in the UK.
In the 20th century some new branches of industry appeared in Great Britain.
The UK exports mainly food to other countries and imports industrial products.
One of the most important British industries is ship-building.
Nowadays sheep-farming, cattle-farming and dairy-farming stopped to play an important role in Britain’s economy.
Vocabulary exercises.
1.58.Give English equivalents of the following words and word combinations.
Горнодобывающая промышленность, скотоводство, промышленные товары, крупный рогатый скот, изделия суконной промышленности, кораблестроение, высоко развитая промышленная страна, железнодорожный вагон, овцеводство, земная поверхность, быстрое развитие, молочное животноводство, залежи железной руды, новые отрасли промышленности, ферма, появляться, главным образом.
1.59.Complete the following sentences using the right words.
Great Britain is rich in ... (oil, gold, copper, silver, iron ore, zinc, coal).
Great Britain has to import ... (coal, agricultural products, electrical goods, chemicals, electronic equipment, oil, various metals, food products, cotton, timber, tobacco, wheat, fruit).
When the world demand for the products of Britain’s main industries – textiles, coal, machinery – decreased, it began seeking compensation in new engineering products, such as ... (cars, atomic power reactors, electrical goods, electronic equipment).
It is characteristic of Britain’s industry to produce ... (semi-finished goods, cheap articles, raw materials, high quality expensive goods, articles requiring skilled labour, precision instrument, electronic equipment).
The main products of Britain’s industry are ... (precision instruments, high quality consumer goods, electronic equipment, chemicals, textiles, ready-made clothing, manufactured goods, petrol).
A great number of new industries were added to the traditional ones such as ... (the aircraft industry, the textile industry, the electronic industry, the shipbuilding industry, the automobile industry, mining, engineering).
The main crops grown in Britain are ... (cotton, wheat, barley, tobacco).
In Britain they breed ... (cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, goats, deer, rabbits).
Speaking.
Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country.
Sea-ports play a great role in the life of the UK.
In the 20th century new branches of industry appeared: electronics, radio and chemical industries and others.
1.61.Answer the questions and compare the facts with the British equivalents.
What fields of industry are best developed in Russia?
What new fields of industry appeared in Russia in the 20th century?
What products does the Russian Federation export and import?
Is Russia as famous for its woolen products as Great Britain?
Do sea-ports play a great role in the life of Russia?
1.62.Role play.
The group of students is divided into two teams. The first one represents businessmen from England, Wales and Scotland. The other one – journalists from Russia. They are interviewing the businessmen about the industries developed in their countries.
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