Методичка по-английскому языку Great Britain. Методические указания для студентов всех форм обучения Волгоград, 2000г. Ббк ш 143. 21 92. Великобритания
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Exercise 2. Find English equivalents in the text. Избирательный округ; представить законопроект; оставаться у власти; быть сторонником чего-либо; наследственный принцип; ограниченные полномочия; достигать соглашения; представлять на выборах; судебная функция; подписывать документы; государственные дела. Exercise 3. Complete the following sentences.
2) Prime Minister is the leader of the party that … 3) The role of the monarch is … 4) The executive power in the UK belongs to … 5) The House of Lords can not reject bills that … 6) A “Shadow Cabinet” is formed by … 7) Members of the Government are not elected by the House of Commons, they are…
10) MPs have holidays which last … . Exercise 4. Agree or disagree to the following. Give your comments.
Exercise 5. Discuss the following points.
Exercise 6. Divide the text into several logical parts and think of the title for each part of the text. Exercise 7. Translate into English.
Exercise 8. Find some additional information on one of the following topics and describe it.
Read and translate. Text B. The Political Parties. The British democratic system depends on political parties and there has been a party system of some kind since the 17th century. The Conservative and the Liberal parties are the oldest and until the last years of the 19th century they were the only parties elected to the House of Commons. The Conservatives, often called the Tories, have always been the party of the Right, the party of big business, industry, commerce and landowners. It can broadly be described as the party of the middle and upper classes although it does receive some working class support. The party represents those who believe in private enterprise as opposed to state-owned undertakings. The Tories are the most powerful party and are often called a party of business directors. (The word “Tories” is an Irish name for thieves and was applied to the Conservatives by their opponents, but later they adopted the name to describe themselves). The Tories were opposed by the Whigs, a rude name for cattle drivers. In the middle of the 19th century the Liberal Party (or the Whigs) represented the trading and manufacturing classes. Its slogan of that time was “Civil and Religious Liberty”. During the second half of the 19th century many working people looked at the Liberal Party as an alternative to the Conservatives and their policy. At the end of the 19th century and in the first two decades of the 20th century, the Liberals lost the support of working – class voters. Around 1900 the Labour Party was formed as the political arm of the trade unions. It was the party that drew away working people’s support. The Labour Party has always had strong links with the trade unions and receives financial support from them. While many Labour voters are middle-class or intellectuals, the traditional Labour Party support is still strongest in industrial areas. There are also some other parties: the Social Democratic Party, the Liberal Democrats. The Green Party, The Communist Party, the National Front, the Scottish National Party and the Welsh National Party. Exercise 1. Turn the following verbs into nouns denoting the doer of the action. To support; to vote; to manufacture; to own; to oppose; to believe; to elect; to win; to defend; to direct; to represent; to preside. Exercise 2. Rearrange the sentences putting the words in the correct word order.
Exercise 3. Answer the following questions.
Exercise 4. Imagine that you are a reporter of the Russian newspaper “Izvestija”. Interview the Conservative party member (the Labour party member) on the aims of their national and local policies. Exercise 5. Translate into English. Политическая партия в Великобритании – это организация людей, разделяющих одинаковые взгляды на методы управления страной и пытающихся добиться власти, чтобы воплотить эти взгляды в реальность. Цель любой британской политической партии состоит в том, чтобы добиться избрания как можно большего числа своих кандидатов в парламент, поскольку партия, добившаяся большинства, формирует правительство. Из 650 кандидатов, прошедших в парламент, несколько человек войдет в правительство, а остальные будут заседать в парламентских комитетах. Премьер-министром становится лидер победившей на выборах партии. Таким образом, в Великобритании на выборах большее значение приобретает политика, и меньшее – обаятельность кандидатов – в отличие, скажем, от Америки. Exercise 6.Role play. Work in two groups, one - acting MPs supporting the bills to be introduced the other – rejecting it. Discuss all pros and cons of the bills given below, and give your arguments:
UNIT III. Economic Outline of the UK. Read and translate. Text A. The UK is a highly-developed country. It lives by manufacture and trade. For every person employed in agriculture eleven people are employed in mining, manufacturing and building. The United Kingdom is one of the world’s largest exporters of manufactured goods per head of population. Apart from coal and iron ore Britain has very few natural resources and mostly depends on imports. Its agriculture provides only half of the food it needs. The other half and most of the raw materials for its industries such as oil and various metals (copper, zinc, uranium ore and others) have to be imported. Britain also has to import timber, cotton, fruit and farm products. Britain used to be richly forested, but most of the forests were cut down to make more room for cultivation. The greater part of land is used for cattle and sheep breeding, and pig raising. Among the crops grown on the farms are wheat, barley and oats. The fields are mainly in the eastern part of the country. In the past century Britain secured a leading position in the world as manufacturer, merchant and banker. After World War I the world demand for products of Britain’s traditional industries - textiles, coal and machinery - fell off, and Britain began expanding trade in new engineering products and electrical goods. The crisis of 1929-1933 brought about mass unemployment and Britain’s share in the world industrial output decreased. World War II brought about a further weakening of Britain’s might. It has lost its colonies which used to supply it with cheap raw materials. The original basis of British industry was coal-mining, and the early factories grew up not far from the main mining areas. Glasgow and Newcastle became great centers of engineering and shipbuilding. Lancashire produced cotton goods and Yorkshire woolen, with Sheffield concentrating on iron and steel. Birmingham developed light engineering. The structure of industry changed substantially in the last half of the 20th century. As coal production declined, oil production replaced it as a major industry. Motor vehicle production became a significant part of the industrial base. British industrial production also expanded into communications equipment, including fiber optics, computers, computer-controlled machine tools, and robots. The so-called Silicon Glen between Glasgow and Edinburgh is the site of many overseas computer firms. Scotland and Northern Ireland are still noted for their production of whiskey and textiles, especially linen from Northern Ireland and tweed from Scotland. Nowadays Britain remains an important manufacturing country. Britain mostly produces articles requiring skilled labour, such as precision instruments, electronic equipment, chemicals and high quality consumer goods. It produces and exports cotton and woolen goods, leather goods and articles made of various kinds of synthetic (man-made) materials. The leading traditional manufacturing regions of England are Greater London and the cities and regions around Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, and Newcastle upon Tyne. Britain has a large and sophisticated service sector. The service industries include finance, retailing, wholesaling, tourism, business services, transport, insurance, investment, advertising, public relations, market research, education, administration, and government and professional services. Telecommunications has become a dynamic growth industry, particularly with telex, facsimile, and e-mail communications. Exercise 1.Give the Russian equivalents of the following. Employ, be employed in industry (agriculture), mining, building, trade, manufactured goods, per head of population, apart from, raw materials, provide, timber, used to be, used to do smth., cattle and sheep breeding, demand, bring about, unemployment, share, articles, precision instruments, high quality consumer goods, retailing, wholesaling, insurance, advertising, public relations, government, particularly. Exercise 2. Find in the text the English equivalents of the following. Обрабатывающая промышленность, горно-добывающая промышленность, торговля, промышленные товары, строевой лес, крупный рогатый скот, сельскохозяйственная культура, пшеница, ячмень, овес, торговец, изделия текстильной промышленности, квалифицированный труд, сырье, кожа, обслуживающие отрасли промышленности, зарубежные фирмы. Exercise 3. Complete the following sentences using the right words:
Exercise 4. Answer the questions.
Exercise 5. Translate into English. Великобритания имеет высокоразвитую промышленность. Большая часть ее населения занята в промышленности, и только небольшая часть - только 8% населения - занимается сельским хозяйством. В Великобритании не много полезных ископаемых и ей приходится ввозить сырье из других стран. Характерной чертой Британской промышленности является производство товаров высокого качества, требующих квалифицированного труда. Традиционными отраслями английской промышленности являются машиностроение, текстильная, судостроительная и угольная промышленность. Однако после первой мировой войны спрос на продукцию традиционных отраслей промышленности сократился, и Великобритания начала развивать новые отрасли промышленности, такие как химическая, авиационная, автомобильная и др. Exercise 6. Suppose you are to give a lecture on the current state of British economy. Here are some phrases to introduce the subject of your lecture: I will concern myself with... I will try to outline briefly some recent data on... This is an attempt to introduce you to the... I will speak about... Exercise 7. Role play. The group of students is divided into two teams. The first one represents businessmen from England, Wales and Scotland. The other one – journalists from Russia. They are interviewing the businessmen about the industries developed in their countries. Text B. Read and translate Dialogue. This is the dialogue between Anna Smirnova, a Russian teacher of English, and Bernard Law, a London University lecturer. Anna is leaving London for Edinburgh next Saturday morning. Anna: Bernard, could you do me a favour? Bernard: Year, sure. I’ll be glad to if I can. A.: Next Saturday morning I’m going to Edinburgh by car. What cities would you advise me to see on my way there? B.: Well, it’s going to be a long journey. When are you expected in Edinburgh? A.: Next Tuesday afternoon. B.: Then you should try to see Northern England with Manchester, Leeds and Bradford and Midlands with Birmingham, Coventry and Sheffield. They are the most northwest industrial cities. A.: What are they famous for? B.: Well, the wool industry is centred in Bradford and Leeds. Other industries of these cities include the making of locomotives, agricultural implements, heavy iron and steel goods of all kinds, chemicals, glass, leather goods, artificial silk and pottery. A.: And what about Manchester? B.: You see, it’s the centre of cotton industry with a population of nearly one million. The University of Manchester, founded in 1880, is famous for its modern studies. A.: Ah... that’s worth knowing. And I’ve heard that the district of Birmingham is known as the Black Country. Is it really so heavily industrialized? B.: Oh, sure. It is a land of factories and mines and it owes its importance to iron industry. Iron goes to the steel, heavy machinery and shipbuilding industries of Newcastle and other cities. A.: I wonder how they transport all these goods to other cities and countries? As far as I know Birmingham doesn’t have outlet on the sea-coast and doesn’t stand on any great river. B.: You’re right. The nearest port is Liverpool - the main port of western England. It is first in Great Britain in export and comes second after London in imports. But most of the goods are transported to London and then distributed to different parts of the world. A.: Bernard, you’ve mentioned Coventry as one of the industrial cities of Midland and I’d love to do the sights of this town to tell my friends about this Volgograd’s twin city. B.: I have never heard about it. How interesting! What do they have in common? A.: Don’t you know? Both Volgograd and Coventry were badly destroyed during World War II. Nowadays these cities exchange delegations and their contribution to Russian-British cooperation is appreciable. B.: Then you should try to visit this city. I suggest you should spend at least a few hours in Coventry and see the Cathedral. A.: I certainly will. Oh, I’m afraid I’ve taken up too much of your time. Thank you very much. I really appreciate your help. B.: My pleasure. Enjoy your stay in Britain. |