англ. Методические указания и контрольные задания по английскому языку для студентов заочного обучения
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ВАРИАНТ 5. I. Прочитайте и перепишитеследующие предложения. Подчеркните в них инфинитив и определите его форму и функцию. Переведите предложения на русский язык. (См. образец выполнения 1 в варианте 1) 1. I hope to enter Moscow State University. 2. He was very sorry to have missed so many lessons just before the exam. 3. A celebration such as this was a chance not to be missed. 4. They waited in silence for their dinner to be served. II. Прочитайте и перепишитеследующие предложения. Подчеркните в них причастия I и II, определите их форму и функцию. Переведите предложения на русский язык. (См. образец выполнения 2 в варианте 1) 1. Having knocked twice and not having received an answer, they decided that there was nobody in. 2. Having been kept without water for a long time, the flowers faded. 3. Not having done the work in time, I had to apologize to them. 4. The news received yesterday impressed everybody greatly. III. Прочитайте и перепишитеследующие предложения. Подчеркните в них герундий, определите его форму и функцию. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. I got interested in the man who was responsible for arranging English parties. 2. I am looking forward to seeing you again. 3. I don’t feel like going for a walk. 4. He was fond of reading adventure books. IV. Прочитайте и перепишитеследующие предложения. Переведите данные предложения, обращая внимание на слова-заменители that и one. 1. The methods they use are not the ones that lead to success. 2. I think this show will be more interesting than the last one. 3. The properties of this material are the same as those of that one. 4. The quality of the goods sold in the market is lower than that of good produced by our company. V. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст. THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA The United States of America is the 4th largest country in the world after Russia, Canada and China. It occupies the central part of the North American continent. The United States of America is a federal republic, consisting of 50 states including the states of Alaska and Hawaii. Outlying areas include Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, and the US Virgin Islands. The northern boundary is partly formed by the Great Lakes and the St Lawrence River; the southern boundary is partly formed by the Rio Grande. United States also has a sea-border with Russia. The total area of the United States (including the District of Columbia) is about 9,809,000 sq km. The country is washed by 3 oceans: the Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. The country has many lakes, with the Great Lakes included. There are also many rivers on the US territory. The longest of them are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Columbia, the Rio Grande and some others. On the US territory there are mountains and lowlands. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Cordillera and the Sierra Nevada. The highest peak, Mount McKinley, is located in Alaska. The climate conditions are rather different. The country is rich in natural and mineral resources: oil, gas, iron ore, coal and various metals. The USA is a highly developed industrial and agricultural country. The main industrial branches are aircraft, rocket, automobile, electronics, radio-engineering and others. Americans are made up from nearly all races and nations. The country population is over 250 mln. The national symbol of the USA is its national flag «Stars and Stripes», having 50 white stars and 13 white and red stripes on its field, symbolizing the number of the original and present day states. Officially the country comprises 50 states and one District of Columbia. The states differ in size, population and economic development. Each state has its own capital. КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ 4 Для выполнения контрольного задания 4 необходимо проработать следующие разделы курса: 1. Сложные предложения. 2. Сложносочиненные, сложноподчиненные предложения (типы придаточных предложений). 3. Условные предложения. ВАРИАНТ 1. I. Перепишитеследующие предложения, содержащие независимый причастный оборот. Проанализируйте и определите тип придаточного предложения. Переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык. 1. The country having a budget deficit, inflation may follow. 2. John having left the room to ring for a taxi, Mary sat down again to wait for him. 3. But I was a little nervous, there being something to report. 4. The officer sat with his long fine hands lying on the table perfectly still. 5. He sat on the sofa, his legs crossed. II. Перепишитеследующие предложения, содержащие предикативный герундиальный оборот. Переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык. 1. I hope you don’t mind her being given two weeks’ notice. 2. He is aware of the fact of Mary getting married. 3. He couldn’t put up with the idea of our having to work there another six months. 4. We were happy of our working several years under the guidance of this well-know scientist. 5. The real reason for Mrs.Chievly returning to London was her personal interests in business. III. Перепишитеследующие предложения, содержащие инфинитивный оборот. Определите тип инфинитивного оборота. Переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык. 1. All I want is for Jack to get out of here. 2. There was no need for him to be economical. 3. He was listening attentively to the chairman speak. 4. This firm is said to receive high profits. 5. I believed her to be knitting in the next room. IV. Перепишитеследующие условные предложения. Определите тип условного предложения, переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык. If it didn’t rain now, we would go to the country. If you lied to me now, I would never believe you in future. You wouldn’t have made this mistake, if you had taken notice of my words then. If he were younger, he would go camping too. If labour resources are used properly, labour efficiency will grow. V. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст. TRANSPORT SYSTEM OF THE USA The development of transport facilities was very important in the growth of the United States. The first travel routes were natural waterways. No surfaced roads existed until the 1790s, when the first turnpikes were built. Besides the overland roads, many canals were constructed between the late 18th century and 1850 to link navigable rivers and lakes in the eastern United States and in the Great Lakes region. Steam railways began to appear in the East in the 1820s. The first transcontinental railway was constructed between 1862 and 1869 by the Union Pacific and Central Pacific companies, both of which received large subsidies from the federal government. Transcontinental railways were the chief means of transport used by European settlers who populated the West in the latter part of the 19th century. The railways continued to expand until 1917, when their length reached a peak of about 407,000 km. Since then motor transport became a serious competitor to the railway both for passengers and freight. Air transport began to compete with other modes of transport after World War I. Passenger service began to gain importance in 1920s, but not until the beginning of commercial jet craft after World War II did air transport become a leading mode of travel. During the early 1990s railways annually handled about 37.5 per cent of the total freight traffic; trucks carried 26 per cent of the freight, and oil pipelines conveyed 20 per cent. Approximately 16 per cent was shipped on inland waterways. Although the freight handled by airlines amounted to only 0.4 per cent of the total, much of the cargo consisted of high-priority or high-value items. Private cars about 81 per cent of passengers. Airlines are the second leading mover of people, carrying more than 17 per cent of passengers. Buses are responsible for 1.1 per cent, and railways carry 0.6 per cent of passengers. ВАРИАНТ 2. I. Перепишитеследующие предложения, содержащие независимый причастный оборот. Проанализируйте и определите тип придаточного предложения. Переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык. 1. A bank is a business, its owners and managers aiming to maximize profits. 2. The novel having been read, Jane put it aside. 3. The ship’s band did not play in the morning, it being Sunday. 4. I won’t speak with him staring at me like that. 5.The duster refolded and restored, he threw his legs across the saddle. II. Перепишитеследующие предложения, содержащие предикативный герундиальный оборот. Переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык. 1. Nobody objected to his being given the position of assistant. Who is interested in his changing his convictions? She was interested in Sir Robert refusing to make his report in Parliament. I couldn’t rely on his setting the matter in the right way? I don’t mind his helping you. III. Перепишитеследующие предложения, содержащие инфинитивный оборот. Определите тип инфинитивного оборота. Переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык. 1. It was difficult for him to do anything else. 2. The wall was too high for anything to be visible. 3. I know him to be an honest man. 4. The new business was believed to improve the situation in the market. 5. She hated her son to be separated from her. IV. Перепишитеследующие условные предложения. Определите тип условного предложения, переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык. 1. If we had booked tickets beforehand, we would not stand in a queue now to get them. He would certainly have translated this article, yesterday. If John were not so selfish, he wouldn’t have gone to the seaside alone last year. If studied thoroughly, market forces can help to increase profits. But for my smile, he would have believed me. V. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст. HISTORY OF ROBOTICS The concept of robots dates back to ancient times, when some myths told of mechanical beings brought to life. Such automata also appeared in the clockwork figures of medieval churches, and in the 18th century some clockmaker s gained fame for the clever mechanical figures that they constructed. Today the term automaton is usually applied to these handcrafted, mechanical (rather than electromechanical) devices that imitate the motions of living creatures. Some of the «robots» used in advertising and entertainment are actually automata, even with the addition of remote radio control. The term robot itself is derived from the Czech word robota, meaning «compulsory labour». It was first used by the Czech novelist and playwright Karel Chapek, to describe a mechanical device that looks like a human but, lacking human sensibility, can perform only automatic, mechanical operations. Robots as they are known today do not only imitate human or other living forms. True robots did mot become possible, however, until the invention of the computer in the 1940s and the miniaturization of computer parts. One of the first true robots was an experimental model designed by researchers at the Stanford Research Institute in the late 1960s. It was capable of arranging blocks into stacks through the use of a television camera as a visual sensor, processing this information in a small computer. Computers today are equipped with microprocessors that can handle the data being fed to them by various sensors of the surrounding environment. Making use of the principle of feedback, robots can change their operations to some degree in response to changes in that environment. The commercial use of robots is spreading, with the increasing automation of factories, and they have become essential to many laboratory procedures. Japan is the most advanced nation exploring robot technology. Nowadays robots continue to expand their applications. The home-made robots (горничная) available today may be one sign of the future. ВАРИАНТ 3. I. Перепишитеследующие предложения, содержащие независимый причастный оборот. Проанализируйте и определите тип придаточного предложения. Переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык. 1. Money has a number of functions with medium of exchange being the principal function. 2. John looked through the window, his glance travelling towards the bridge. 3. The work being finished, the two girls went into the shop. 4. Just now, with the harvest coming on, everything looks its richest. 5. We began to talk, but my attention distracted by my surroundings, I took small notice of him. II. Перепишитеследующие предложения, содержащие предикативный герундиальный оборот. Переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык. 1. I insist on your making the boy behave himself. 2. What is the real reason for his behaving in such a strange way? 3. Thank you for your letting me know about this fact. 4. We are tired of your complaining. 5. The child was afraid of his friend, being punished instead of him. III. Перепишитеследующие предложения, содержащие инфинитивный оборот. Определите тип инфинитивного оборота. Переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык. 1. For me to hear him was disturbing. 2. He had said enough for me to be alarmed. 3. She believed him to have left for San Francisco. 4. The practice has been found to require new capital investments. 5. I’d love you to come with me too. IV. Перепишитеследующие условные предложения. Определите тип условного предложения, переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык. 1. If it hadn’t been so cold yesterday we might have gone to the skating-rink. 2. If he could ski he wouldn’t have stayed in town when we went to the woods. 3. I could have lended you money, yesterday if you had asked me for it. 4. If I were you, I would have told him the truth long ago. 5. Unless entirely reliable, information cannot make a basis for sound decisions. V. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст. PERSONAL COMPUTERS Personal computers are also called microcomputers or home computer. The most compact are called laptops. They are portable and work on built-in batteries. Personal computers are designed for use at homes, schools, and offices. At home they can be used for home management (balancing the family finances, for example) and for playing computer games, watching films or listening to music. Schoolchildren can use computers for doing their homework and many schools now have computers for independent learning and computer-literacy studies. In the office personal computers may be used for word processing, bookkeeping, storage and handling of necessary information. Personal computers were made possible by two technical innovations in the field of microelectronics: the integrated circuit, or IС, which was developed in 1959 and the microprocessor that first appeared in 1971. The IС permitted the miniaturization of computer-memory circuits, and the microprocessor reduced the size of a computer's CPU to the size of a single silicon chip. Because a CPU calculates, performs logical operations, contains operating instructions, and manages data flows, a complete microcomputer as a separate system was designed and developed in 1974. In 1981, IBM Company offered its own microcomputer model, the IBM PC that became a necessary tool for almost every business. The PC's use of a 16-bit microprocessor initiated the development of faster and more powerful personal computers, and its use of an operating system that was available to all other computer makers led to a standardisation of the industry. In the mid-1980s, a number of other developments were especially important for the growth of personal computers. One of these was the introduction of a powerful 32-bit CPU capable of running advanced operating systems at high speeds. New voice-controlled systems are now available, and users are able to use the words and syntax of spoken language to operate their personal computers. ВАРИАНТ 4. I. Перепишитеследующие предложения, содержащие независимый причастный оборот. Проанализируйте и определите тип придаточного предложения. Переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык. 1. In the next 25 years or so the average age in the USA increasing, problems of the aged rather than young people will be of importance. 2. Mabel hurried out of the car and walked away, tears streaming down her face. 3. Ice having been broken, the two former rivals grew still more affectionate. 4. The next day I observed you, myself unseen for half an hour. 5. She went on reading, her eyes fixed on the pages of the book. II. Перепишитеследующие предложения, содержащие предикативный герундиальный оборот. Переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык. 1. We rely on your keeping your engagements. 2. What is the reason for your being so upset? 3. Everything depends on the contract being cancelled in time. 4. Nobody is interested in his concealing these facts. 5. I disapprove of your missing lectures. III. Перепишитеследующие предложения, содержащие инфинитивный оборот. Определите тип инфинитивного оборота. Переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык. 1. I don’t think I should care for it to be known. 2. No one has ever heard her cry. 3. I always liked him to sing. 4. This company proved to contribute a lot to the pension fund. 5. I hated him to be sent away. IV. Перепишитеследующие условные предложения. Определите тип условного предложения, переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык. 1. We could go to the skating-rink if it were not so cold. 2. If I were you, I would ring him up myself. 3. If you gave me the article tomorrow, I would give it back to you on Saturday. 4. But for the rain, the children would have slept in the open air. 5. If changed market factors result in demand changes. V. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст. THE FUTURE OF THE ENGINEERING PROFESSION Among various recent trends in the engineering profession computerization is the most widespread. The trend in modern engineering offices is also towards computerization. Computers are increasingly used for solving complex problems as well as for handling, storing, and generating the enormous volume of data modern engineers must work with. Scientific methods of engineering are applied in several fields not connected directly to manufacture and construction. Modern engineering is characterized by the broad application of what is known as systems engineering principles. Engineers in industry work not only with machines but also with people, to determine, for example, how machines can be operated most efficiently by workers. A small change in the location of the controls of a machine or of its position with relation to other machines or equipment, or a change in the muscular movements of the operator, often results in greatly increased production. This type of engineering work is called time-study engineering. A related field of engineering, human-factors engineering, also known as ergonomics, received wide attention in the late 1970s and 1980s when the safety of nuclear reactors was questioned following serious accidents that were caused by operator errors, design failures, and malfunctioning equipment. Human-factors engineering seeks to establish criteria for the efficient, human-centered design of, among other things, the large, complicated control panels that monitor and govern nuclear reactor operations. |