Тема 10.2. Phonetics Sound
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Т 10.2 PHONETICS: Sound [ð]. Во избежание образования звука [v], зубы должны быть обнажены так, чтобы нижняя губа не касалась верхних зубов. Во избежание образования звука [z], кончик языка должен находиться между зубами, а сам язык оставаться плоским, особенно его передняя часть. Ex.1 Practice reading: These brothers gather with their mother, Those brothers gather with their father. If these brothers didn’t gather with their mother, Would those brothers gather with their father? GRAMMAR Функции инфинитива и способы перевода
Ex. 2 Translate the following sentences. 1. То obey the laws is everyone’s duty. 2. I didn’t see the new production of our drama theatre. 3. She hoped to get tickets for the concert. 4. То smoke is harmful. 5. I shall go to the Crimea. 6. Our plan is to work during our summer vacation and then buy a tape player and some cassettes. 7. She asked me to buy five carnations for our mother for the 8th of March. 8. I have no desire to order these books. 9. He worked hard not to lag behind the other people. 10. The captain was the last to leave the ship. NB! Одной из трудностей для перевода является инфинитив в функции обстоятельства цели, e.g. To solve this crime you are to know much. Чтобы раскрыть это преступление, вы должны много знать. Или: You are to know much to solve this crime. Вы должны много знать, чтобы раскрыть данное преступление. Признаком данной функции инфинитива являются: а) местоположение инфинитива в начале или в конце предложения, а также наличие другого слова, выполняющего функцию подлежащего в предложении, б) союзы in order to (чтобы; для того, чтобы; с целью) или so that (так, чтобы), e.g. In order to solve this crime you are to know much. Инфинитив в функции обстоятельства цели переводится придаточным предложением с союзом «чтобы» или существительным с предшествующим ему предлогом «для», «с целью». Ex. 3 Translate the following sentences. 1. То obey the laws is everyone’s duty. 2. I didn’t see the new production of our drama theatre. 3. She hoped to get tickets for the concert. 4. То smoke is harmful. 5. I shall go to the Crimea. 6. Our plan is to work during our summer vacation and then buy a tape player and some cassettes. 7. She asked me to buy five carnations for our mother for the 8th of March. 8. I have no desire to order these books. 9. He worked hard not to lag behind the other people. 10. The captain was the last to leave the ship. Ex. 4 Read the text to learn about the international police organization Interpol. What is Interpol? For years, smugglers and thieves could commit crimes in one European country and escape across the border to gain immunity within a neighbouring state, before any authorities could apprehend them. The complex structures of modern societies and the constant growth of international exchanges provide more and more opportunities for international criminal activity, which has now reached alarming proportions.Because ofthese problems, police departments in different countries must work together to combat international crime successfully. Interpol (the International Criminal Police Organization) is the largest international police organization in the world. It was set up in 1923 at the meeting of police officers from 20 countries in Vienna to facilitate cross-border criminal police cooperation and today has 182 member countries spread over five continents. It supports and assists all organizations, authorities and services whose mission is to prevent or combat international crime. Article 5 of the Interpol Constitution stipulates that «The International Criminal Police Organization – Interpol shall comprise: the General Assembly, the Executive Committee, the General Secretariat, the National Central Bureaus and the Advisers». The General Assembly meets once a year, makes decisions regarding strategy and policy and approves finances, working methods, instruments of cooperation and programmes of activities. The Executive Committee, which normally meets three times a year, prepares the agenda for the General Assembly, approves the programmes of activities, etc. Interpol’s General Secretariat provides a fast and reliable communication system that links police around the globe. Its priority activities concern public safety and terrorism, criminal organizations, drug-related crimes, financial and high-tech crimes, trafficking in human beings, and fugitive investigation support. Each Interpol member country maintains a National Central Bureau (NCB) staffed by national law enforcement officers. The NCB gives assistance with overseas investigations and the location and apprehension of fugitives. One of Interpol’s most important tasks is to place member countries on alert about people who are being detected by police forces worldwide but it is a member country’s domestic police who make a request to place criminals on the Interpol wanted list and it is domestic police who, for the most part, must track and arrest them. Interpol is the sum of its constituent parts, but the General Secretariat in Lyon is the essential coordinating mechanism that gives its members access to international databases of criminal information as well as a global view on specific crimes, patterns and trends. Ex. 5. Find the English equivalents in the text. постоянный рост международных обменов; бороться с международной преступностью; принимать решения; предупреждать международные преступления; финансовые преступления и преступления в сфере высоких технологий; обеспечить быструю и надежную систему связи; оказывать помощь в зарубежных расследованиях; список разыскиваемых преступников; доступ к международной базе данных. Ex. 6. Answer the following questions: 1. What factors provide more and more opportunities for international criminal activity? 2. What makes police departments in different countries work together in combating international crime successfully? 3. What does the word «Interpol» mean? 4. Where and when was Interpol set up? 5. What are Interpol’s priority activities? 6. Who makes a request to place the criminals on the Interpol wanted list? Who must track and arrest them? 7. What can you say about the role of General Secretariat as the essential coordinating mechanism? 8. Russia became the 151st member of Interpol. When did it happen? Ex.7. Compare the role of a militia officer in Russia and the role of a policeman in the American society. An American policeman is supposed to solve family disputes, enforce hundreds of laws, identify the suspected criminal, etc. Does a militia officer have to do the same? What other things does he have to do? In the USA the work of a policeman requires a, variety of skills and abilities. What skills and abilities does the work of a militia officer require? A police man is a guardian of law and order and he has the greatest responsibility in the American society. Does a militia officer have the same responsibility in Russia? It is very difficult for an American policeman to perform his functions and maintain the image of respect and friendliness. Does a Russian militia officer have similar problems in maintaining the image respected by public? In America they believe that a police officer should be courteous, possess broad knowledge, be truly interested in the welfare of others. Do you think that a Russian militia officer should possess the same features? What other features should a militia officer possess to become a professional? Ex. 8 Read and translate the following dialogue:
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