Пособие по обучению практике устной и письменной речи (начальный этап) на английском языке Под ред. О. В. Серкиной
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1. My ________’s name is Carol. a) father b) mother c) brother
a) father b) grandmother c) husband
a) families b) parents c) siblings
a) spouse b) father-in-law c) step-father
a) niece b) cousin c) sister
a) elder b) aged c) older
a) younger sibling b) youngest c) younger brother
a) sister-in-law b) step-sister c) younger sister
a) grandparents b) great-grandparents c) forefathers
a) grand-grandparents b) great-grandparents c) greatparents
a) grandsister b) niece c) aunt
a) grandbrother b) uncle c) aunt
a) niece b) nephew c) cousin
a) niece b) nephew c) cousin
a) cousin b) niece c) grandsister
a) grandson b) uncle c) nephew
a) uncle b) nephew c) cousin
a) brother-in-law b) step-father c) uncle
a) uncle b) step-father c) father-in-law
a) step-daughter b) niece c) granddaughter 2.3. Fill out these charts in English.
2.4. In English there are special words to describe different stages of human life. Find the Russian equivalent to each stage and think of a relative or friend to match each stage. Age Stage 0-1 approximately a baby 1-2 a toddler 2-12 approximately a child – this period is your childhood 13-17 approximately a teenager (14=early teens) 18+ an adult (a person comes of age) 20-30 in your twenties (24-26= mid-twenties) 30-40 in your thirties (38= late thirties) 40+ people are middle-aged; in middle age 60 or 65 retirement (= when people stop work; they are retired) 75+ old age (you can also say elderly) Note: For boys, the period between 14-17 approximately (slightly younger for girls) is called adolescence, i.e. you are an adolescent. In law you are an adult at the age of 18, but many people think of you as an adult when you leave school.
date approve mature attracted romantic keen break off go out relationship drift apart Ann was a very (a)________ girl who often dreamed of love and marriage. She was especially (b) ______ to a young man called Michael, who worked in the same office as she did, and he was very (c) ______ on her too. They became friendly and one day Michael asked her to go out with him. Their first (d) _________ was a visit to the cinema, and they both enjoyed the evening so much that they decided to (e) __________ together regularly. Michael was a bit untidy and rather young, and Ann’s parents didn’t (f) ______ of him at first, but Ann was a sensible, (g) ______ girl and they had a lot of confidence in her. For a year or so everything went well, but then somehow they slowly began to (h) ____________, until finally they decided to (i) _____________ their (j) ___________.
bride engaged bridegroom consent wedding civil reception honeymoon propose toast One evening, although he was nervous, Joe decided to (a) _____ to his girlfriend, Linda. She accepted his proposal, they became (b) ___________ and he gave her a ring. After a year they had saved enough money to get married (they were both over 18 so they did not need their parents’ (c) __________. Some people have a religious ceremony with a priest, but Joe and Linda decided on a (d) ___________ ceremony in a registry office. On the day of the (e) ______ Linda, the (f) _______, was very calm, but Joe, the (g) ________, was nervous. Afterwards, at the (h) __________, speeches were made and the guests drank a (i) _______ to the happy couple, who finally left for a (j) ____________ in Spain.
in with out to of
b) When can a young person get married in Britain? Is the age of getting married different from that in Russia? What are the main steps a young person should make from getting engaged to getting married in England? In Russia? At the age of 21, persons of both sexes in England come of age. Boys and girls are permitted to become “engaged” or betrothed when still in their ‘teens’. A boy can, with his parents’ consent, propose to a girl and then marry her before he is twenty-one years of age. As a pledge of good faith he presents his bride-elect with an engagement ring, which is worn on the third finger of the left hand. In ordinary speech, a man who is engaged but not yet married to a lady, when speaking of her, will say: “My intended,” or “My fiancée”. The young lady, on a similar occasion, will say almost the same “My fiancé.” Generally, English girls receive no marriage portion (wedding dower) on marrying, as a man is obliged to maintain his wife and children himself. On the day of the wedding, the bridegroom and the bride with the best-men and bridesmaids, family and friends, go to church for the wedding service. There they are joined in matrimony by the clergyman. After both have said individual vows like “I, (Bride/Groom), take you (Groom/Bride), to be my (wife / husband), to have and to hold from this day forward, for better or for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish; from this day forward until death do us part.”, they may wish to say something in unison such as: “Entreat me not to leave you, or to return from following after you, For where you go I will go, and where you stay I will stay. Your people will be my people, and your God will be my God. And where you die, I will die and there I will be buried. May the Lord do with me and more if anything but death parts you from me.” Then they exchange wedding-rings, slipping them on each other’s ring-finger. These rings are to be worn for the rest of their life. When the ceremony is over, all go back to the house, where the lady has been living, to the wedding breakfast. The prominent feature of the wedding breakfast is a highly-decorated “wedding-cake” (in some places of the US you can ‘rent’ a wedding cake now!). After the guests have drunk the bride’s and bridegroom’s healths, the happy newly-married couple (newly-weds) take leave and depart on their honeymoon or to their new home. According to an old English custom, they get pelted at the moment of leaving the room with handfuls of rice or with old shoes and slippers which is supposed to bring them good luck. 2.10. a) Read the introduction to a magazine article about how your position in the family affects your personality. Then read the paragraphs. b) Write all the adjectives of personality from the text in the chart after the text.  Family FortunesScientists and psychologists agree that although many factors contribute to forming your personality, for example, your sex, class, culture, or lifestyle, one of the most important is your position in the family. So how have you been affected? Are you a first child, a middle child, the youngest, or an only child? First-born children. If you are a first-born child, you are probably self-confident and a good leader – you came first, after all. You may also be bossy and even aggressive if you don’t get what you want. You are ambitious, and good at communicating, because you learned to speak from your parents, not from your brothers and sisters. On the other hand, you are the oldest and so you have to be the most responsible, and this can make you the kind of person who worries a lot. Middle children are usually independent and competitive. You had to fight with your brothers and sisters to get what you wanted. You are also co-operative as you always had to negotiate with either your elder or your younger brothers and sisters. You are sociable, as you always had someone to play with. On the other hand, you may be jealous and insecure or moody if you felt that your parents preferred your elder brother or sister. Youngest children are often very charming. You learned very quickly that you could get exactly what you want by being charming – and this can make you manipulative. You are usually affectionate and relaxed because when you arrived, your parents were more relaxed themselves. But you are often not very independent, as you always had so many people to help you. This makes it hard for you to take decisions. And you may be lazy, because your parents probably pushed you less and were less strict with you than with your elder brothers and sisters. Only children are often quite selfish. You had the wonderful luxury of not having to share your parents’ attention with anybody else. In fact, you received so much attention as a child that you find it difficult to be interested in other people. On the other hand, you are usually organized and responsible, and quite imaginative. But you may find it difficult to communicate with others, and are very sensitive to criticism.
2.11. a) Read the passage and answer the questions that follow. Try to explain the meaning of the bold-faced words without consulting a dictionary. b) Answer the questions after the text. China: The Changing Family Looking at the People’s Republic of China before 1949, when the Communist Party under Chairman Mao took control of the country, and today, we see vast changes in the family, especially in the cities. Traditionally the desirable family was a big extended one, the ideal family having five generations and as many as one hundred people under one roof. Although rich landowners, merchants, and government officials could afford to support such a large family, the common people lived in much smaller units in either a nuclear or limited extended pattern. Only men were expected to work outside the home, and the eldest male had complete authority over the household. Marriages were most often arranged by the parents. Today the family unit is a smaller one although there may often still be a grandparent present. The government’s attention to family planning, including the campaign launched in 1979 for the one-child family, has naturally reduced the size of the family. The Communist government encourages women to contribute politically, socially, and professionally, so women are no longer expected to stay at home. Indeed, almost all adults in China have a job. Relations between parents and children are more democratic than in the past, and children, especially in the cities, are more likely to marry the person of their choice, but probably after consulting their parents. Change is normal in any society, but these changes in the Chinese family are noteworthy for how quickly they have occurred since the revolution. Questions:
1. Mr. and Mrs. Smith live at home with their two children. They are a typical example of a modern __________ family. a. extended b. nuclear c. compact 2. Mr. and Mrs. Popayan live at home with their aged parents, children and grandchildren. They are a typical example of a traditional __________ family. a. nuclear b. enlarged c. extended
a. single-parent b. mother-only c. mono-parent
a. bring down b. bring about c. bring up
a. upbringing b. upraising c. uplifting
a. divorced b. divided c. diverged
a. childhelp b. childcare c. childaid
a. convalescence b. adolescence c. convergence
a. creative years b. formulating years c. formative years
a. birth rate b. baby rate c. born rate
a. dependants b. dependers c. dependents
a. junior crime b. juvenile delinquency b. minor crime 2.13. Match sentence 1-12 with a second sentence A-L. 1. Mr. and Mrs. White are very authoritarian parents. 2. Mr. Bowlers is considered to be too lenient. 3. Mr. and Mrs. Harris lead separate lives. 4. Billy is a well-adjusted kid. 5. The Mannings are not very responsible parents. 6. My parents are separated. 7. Parents must look after their children, but they shouldn’t be very over-protective. 8. Professor Maynard has made a study of the cognitive processes of young children. 9. I’m afraid my youngest son is running wild. 10. She looks quite different from her siblings. 11. There are several different and distinct stages in development in a child’s life. 12. Tony was raised by a foster family when his own parents died.
2.14. Fill in the gaps with a suitable word. In some cases, more than one answer may be possible. You may need to change some of the word forms. Bob’s problems began during his (1)_______years. His parents got (2) _________ when he was young, and neither of his parents wanted to raise him or his brother and sister, so he was (3) ___________ by a (4) ___________ chosen by his parents’ social worker. Unfortunately, his foster father was a strict (5) _________ and often beat him. Bob rebelled against this strict (6) ____________, and by the time he was eight, he was already (7) ______________, stealing from shops and playing truant. By the time he reached (8) ___________________, sometime around his thirteenth birthday, he had already appeared in court several times, charged with (9) ___________. The judge blamed his foster parents, explaining that children needed (10) ___________ parents and guardians who would look after them properly. The foster father objected to this, pointing out that Bob’s (11) _________ - his two brothers and sister – were (12) ____________ children who behaved at home and worked well at school. This has raised some interesting questions about the modern family system. While it is true that parents should not be too (13) __________ with children by letting them do what they want when they want, or be too (14) _____________ by sheltering them from the realities of life, it is also true that they should not be too strict. It has also highlighted the disadvantages of the modern (15) ___________ family, in which the child has only its mother and father to rely on (or the (16) ___________ family, in which the mother or father has to struggle particularly hard to support their (17) ___________________). In fact, many believe that we should return to traditional family values and the (18) _______________ family: extensive research has shown that children from these families are generally better behaved and have a better chance of success in later life.
b) Describe your family, using as many boldfaced expressions from the texts as possible. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||