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Text 2. ShoppingRead the text and do the exercises that follow it.Study the following vocabulary before reading the text: not fun any longer – больше не забава a consumer – потребитель a department store – универсальный магазин a supermarket – большой магазин самообслуживания should – должен‚ следует When we want to buy something, we go to a shop. In Oleg’s early childhood going shopping was a holiday for him, especially when his Granny took him with her. He knew for sure, he would get a sweet or a bar of chocolate or an ice-cream, all the things he enjoyed greatly. Recently, shopping is not fun any longer, but his daily duty. As all duties it is tiresome sometimes. He tries to be rational and economical. Once in a TV programme titled “A Consumer’s Basket” he heard some rules of behaviour while shopping and since then he tries to follow them. Here they are. First of all it is necessary to make a shopping list of what we need. Then we should calculate how much our purchases will cost and take this very sum of money with us. The third rule tells that we shouldn’t be hungry while shopping, a hungry person buys the things his or her stomach dictates to buy, not thinking about prices or rational nutrition. And we shouldn’t go shopping immediately after we have got our salary, when we feel impressed by a large sum of money and don’t think it’s for a long month to last, not for a short moment when we feel rich and almighty. Everyday shopping is rather traditional: some white and brown bread, some milk, butter, sugar, salt, eggs, some sausage of frankfurters. But it’s not necessary to visit different provisional shops such as bakery, grocery or butchery to buy food for some days because we can buy foodstuffs in a supermarket. Different goods are sold under one roof, so customers can save their time having all goods bought at a time. The method of shopping may vary. In a self-service shop a customer goes from counter to counter selecting and putting into a basket or trolley the goods he wants to buy. It’s absolutely necessary to check the dates before which this or that foodstuff should be used, not to buy something of bad quality. Then a customer takes the basket to the check-out counter where the prices of the purchases are added up. If it’s not a self-service shop the shop-assistant helps the customer in finding and getting what he wants. After paying money to the cashier the customer can get his purchases. Every day Oleg looks into the fridge to see what he needs. And on his way from the University he drops into the nearest supermarket. Fortunately enough it’s not far from his hostel, and he buys bread and other everyday essentials. Every Saturday evening he examines his kitchen more carefully as Sunday is his shopping day. The shopping list is rather long. Oleg goes to the supermarket where he can buy different things at once: fish, bread, sausages, flour, tea, sugar, spices, eggs. He goes round it with a basket or trolley getting the food from the shelves. Then he goes to a cash desk and pays money to a cashier. He thinks that a bakery department is among the best in the shop as it has a rich choice of rolls, buns and biscuits. And what is more important they are always fresh and tasty. He has a sweet tooth, so he never misses the confectionery, where he usually buys sweets, candies, chocolate bars, cakes and so on. Another department of the supermarket, which he has to visit, is a dairy. At the dairy he buys milk, cream, yogurt, cheese, butter and other products. Oleg is a regular customer at the greengrocer’s where potatoes, carrots, cabbage, cucumbers, tomatoes, beetroots, oranges, apples and other fruits and vegetables are sold. But frankly speaking in summer he prefers buying fruits, berries and vegetables at the nearest market. They are fresher and cheaper there. At the butcher’s there’s a wide choice of meat and poultry, such as beef, pork, mutton, chicken and turkey. It’s really a great skill to choose a piece of meat you need, for soup or for chops or shashlyk, so I’m still to learn a lot in this sphere of shopping. Different cereals, flour, sugar, salt, tea, coffee, different spices can be found at the grocery. Sometimes, not very often, he has to go to a department store. Any department store is composed of a number of departments where customers can buy everything they like: fabrics and footwear, china and glass, ready-made clothes and cosmetics, toys and electric appliances, furniture and sport goods, cameras and films, and what not. Nowadays some larger department stores contain a supermarket and coffee shops where customers can have a cup of coffee and a sandwich. Goods are displayed in the attractive window displays so even before entering one can see a great amount of goods of high quality ready to meet our tastes and needs. But frankly speaking Oleg’s family and he prefer buying at the market, as it is cheaper there. Very often there is a richer choice of goods there as well. The shops are becoming more and more European-like. Their halls, shelves, adverts attract more customers. Long queues are little by little disappearing from our life and shopping gets some element of fun and entertainment. Exercises 1. Answer the questions on the text:
2. Ask your friend: – if he (she) likes do shopping; – how often he (she) makes expensive purchases; – if there is a big choice of goods in the Torgovy Dom store; – how much a TV-set (a computer‚ shoes‚ smoked meat) costs; – what he (she) buys on a friend’s birthday; – what shops there are near his (her) house; – if the prices are high in the shop near your house; – what kind of clothes he (she‚ mother‚ father‚ brother‚ sister) prefers: sport or elegant. 3. Name the following by one word: 1. What do we call a person who sells goods (does shopping‚ to whom you pay money)? 2. What do we call a place where you do shopping (pay for your goods‚ try on clothes‚ the goods are displaced)? 3. What do we call the department (shop) where ready-made clothes (shoes‚ face creams‚ milk‚ meat‚ bread‚ vegetables) are sold? 4. Be ready to speak about: – the shops in your street; – a self-service shop; – your usual shopping round; – at your favourite department. Additional texts for readingText 1. Meals in England Read the text and compare meals in England and in our country.Study the following vocabulary before reading the texts: tea – плотная еда с чаем well-to-do (= well off) – cостоятельный, зажиточный When we cook, we boil, roast, fry or stew our food. We boil eggs, meat, chicken, fish, milk, water and vegetables. We fry eggs, fish and vegetables. We stew fish, meat, vegetables or fruit. We roast meat or chicken. We put salt, sugar, pepper, vinegar and mustard into our food to make it salted, sweet, sour or simply tasty. Our food may taste good or bad or it may be tasteless. The usual meals in England are breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner or, in simpler houses, breakfast, dinner, tea and supper. For breakfast English people mostly have porridge or cornflakes with milk or cream and sugar, bacon and eggs, marmalade with buttered toast and tea or coffee. For a change they can have a boiled egg, cold ham, or fish. English people generally have lunch about one o’clock. At lunch time in a London restaurant one usually finds a mutton chop, or steak and chips, or cold meat or fish with potatoes and salad, then a pudding or fruit to follow. Afternoon tea can hardly be called a meal. It is a substantial meal only in well-to-do families. It is between five and six o’clock. It is rather a sociable sort of thing, as friends often come in then for a chat while they have their cup of tea, cake or biscuit. In some houses dinner is the biggest meal of the day. But in great many English homes, the midday meal is the chief one of the day, and in the evening there is usually a much simpler supper – an omelets, or sausages, sometimes bacon and eggs and sometimes just bread and cheese, a cup of coffee or cocoa and fruit. Text 2. Shopping in the UK Read the text and say why Marks & Spencer store is famous all over the world.I would like to tell you about shopping in the United Kingdom. Marks & Spencer is Britain’s favourite store. Tourists love it too. It attracts a great variety of customers from house wives to millionaires. Princess Diana, Dustin Hoffman and the British Prime-minister are just a few of its famous customers. Last year it made a profit of 529 million pounds. This is more than 10 million a week. It all started 105 years ago when a young Polish immigrant Michael Marks had a stall in Leeds market. He didn’t have many things to sell: some cotton, a little wool, lots of buttons and a few shoelaces. Above his stall he put the famous notice: “Don’t ask how much – it’s a penny.” Ten years later he met Tom Spencer and together they started Penny stalls in many towns in the North of England. Today there are 564 branches of Marks &Spencer all over the world: in America, Canada, Spain, France, Belgium and Hungary. The store bases its business on 3 principals: good value, good quality and good service. It also changes with the times; once it was all jumpers and knickers. Now it is food, furniture and flowers as well. Top fashion designers advice on styles of clothes. Perhaps, the most important key to its success is its happy well-trained staff. Conditions of work are excellent. There are company doctors, hairdressers, dentists‚ etc. And all the staff can have lunch for 40 pence. Surprisingly tastes in food and clothes are international. What sells well in Paris, sells just as well in Newcastle and Moscow. Their best selling clothes are: for women – jumpers and knickers (M & S is famous for its knickers); for men – shirts, dressing gowns‚ pajamas‚ socks, and suits; for children – underwear and socks. Best sellers in food include: fresh chickens, vegetables and sandwiches, “Chicken Kiev” is internationally the most popular convince food. Shopping in Britain is also famous for its Fresh food. Fresh food is a chain of food stores and very successful supermarkets which has grown tremendously in the twenty years since it was founded, and now it has branches in the High Streets of all the towns of any size in Britain. In the beginning the stores sold only foodstuffs, but in recent years they have diversified enormously and now sell clothes, books, records, electrical and domestic equipment. The success of the business has been due to an enterprising management and to attractive layout and display in the stores. It has been discovered that impulse buying accounts for almost 35 per cent of the total turn over of the stores. The stores are organized completely for self-service and customers are encouraged to wander around the spaciously laid out stands. Special free gifts and reduced prices are used to tempt customers into the stores and they can’t stand the temptation. Chapter 3. University. Week days Text 1. Oleg’s student life Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.Study the following vocabulary before reading the text: up-to-date – современный extra-mural – заочный preparatory – подготовительный to hold tutorials – проводить практические занятия a period – два 45-минутных урока (пара) a post-graduate course – аспирантура to graduate – заканчивать (ВУЗ) a credit test – зачет a record book – зачетная книжка 1. About the University Oleg studies at Mozyr State Teachers’ Training University. The University was founded on February 23, 1944. There were only 210 students and 3 faculties: Physics and Mathematics, History and Geography, Philology. At present it is one of the biggest and most up-to-date institutions of higher education in Gomel region. Rector is the head of the University. There are 8 faculties headed by deans: – Physics and Mathematics, – Foreign Languages, – Philology, – Technology, – Physical Culture, – Engineering and Pedagogics, – Pre-school and Primary Education, – Biology. There are 3 departments there: Day-Time, Preparatory and Extra-Mural. The University trains teachers for pre-school establishments, primary and secondary schools. There are 31 chairs where about 400 professors and teachers train about 8000 students. They give lectures, hold seminars and tutorials, examine students and supervise the students’ research work. The University occupies 3 large buildings where students have good facilities for study and rest: a lot of classrooms and lecture-halls, an assembly-hall, 3 libraries with reading rooms, some computer rooms, gym-halls and a stadium. During a break students can have a snack in a buffet in each building of the University. Most students from other towns or villages live in 3 modern hostels with students’ dining-rooms. A lot of students are busy with social work. They take part in sport competitions and Olympic Games, stage concerts, organize dance ensembles, discos, put out wall newspapers. Those who are interested in research work can take a post-graduate course at the University which runs for 3 years. At the end of the third year a post-graduate defends his thesis to get a scientific degree. 2. Oleg’s studies Oleg is a first-year student. In 5 years when he graduates from the University he will be able to work as a teacher of mathematics and information science at school. Oleg studies at the Day-Time department, at the faculty of Physics and Mathematics. The faculty is rather large. Its 500 students study such subjects as algebra, geometry, mathematical analysis, information science, physics, foreign languages, pedagogics, psychology, methodology, etc. Usually students have 3 or 4 periods a day. They go to the University every day except Sunday. The course of studies is 5 years. The academic year begins on the 1st of September and ends in June. It lasts 10 months. The academic year is divided into 2 terms: autumn and spring. Each term lasts 4 months and ends with examinations which take place in January and June. Oleg always passes credit tests and examinations successfully and gets a scholarship. Students have holidays twice a year: in winter and in summer. Summer holidays are long. They last 2 months. The winter ones are short. They last only 2 weeks. All the students have a record-book and a student’s pass. Exercises 1. Use the text to find synonyms for the following words: a department, to organize seminars, an elementary school, a Pedagogical University, scientific work, grants, correspondence department, the newest. 2. Use the text to complete the sentences:
3. Use the information from the text to expand the following sentences: 1. It has 8 faculties and 3 departments. 2. The teaching staff consists of 400 professors and teachers. 3. The University has 3 large building in different parts of Mozyr. 4. Students live in 3 modern hostels. 5. Students take an active part in social life of the University. 6. Graduates from the University can take a post-graduate course. 4. Use the text to put 2–3 questions beginning with the words: – What – How many – Who – Do (Does) – Is (Are) – When 5. Use the text to fill in the blanks with prepositions if necessary: 1. … 5 years Oleg will work a teacher … Mathematics and Information science. 2. Students go … the University 6 days … a week. 3. The academic year begins … the 1st of September. 4. Oleg studies … the Day-Time department. 5. After he graduates … the University, he will work … school. 6. Oleg has 3 or 4 periods … a day. 7. The academic year is divided … autumn and spring terms. 8. Students can have a snack … a break. 6. Use the text to find the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations – 2 семестра в году, – отдыхать, – курс обучения, – заканчивать университет, – длиться, – первокурсник, – готовить учителей, – первого сентября, – происходить (иметь место), – кроме воскресенья, – делится на осенний и весенний семестры, – методология, – психология. 7. Put questions to the following sentences:
8. Use the text to add some more information to the following statements:
9. Be ready to speak about the University and your studies there. Text 2. Oleg’s ORDINARY working day Read the text and do the exercises that follow it.Study the following vocabulary before reading the text: a dressing-gown – халат slippers – тапочки to do one’s bed – застилать постель to leave for – уходить, уезжать a time-table – расписание to be over – заканчиваться to wash up – мыть посуду spare – свободный, экономить to feel tired (sleepy) – чувствовать себя усталым (сонным) His working day starts early in the morning. He gets up at 6.15. Oleg jumps out of bed, switches on the radio and does his morning exercises to the radio music. Then he puts on his dressing-gown and slippers and goes to the bathroom where he washes his face and neck, cleans his teeth and takes a cold and hot shower if he has enough time. Then Oleg does his bed and dresses himself. It takes him about 25–30 minutes. After that he sits down at the table and has his breakfast. He cooks breakfast himself. After breakfast Oleg leaves for the University. As he lives not far from the University, he needn’t go to the bus-stop and take a bus. He goes on foot there. In 5 minutes he is at the University. The classes begin at 8 o’clock. According to the time-table students have 3 or 4 periods each day. There are breaks between periods which last 20 or 25 minutes. During a break Oleg goes down to the buffet to have a snack. The classes are over at 13.25 on Mondays and on Saturdays or at 15.20 on other days of the week. After classes Oleg sometimes goes to the dining-room of the University to have dinner. But usually he has dinner at the hostel. After dinner he washes up. Then he has a short rest, reads books and newspapers, makes some telephone calls or listens to music. After that he does his homework. It usually takes him about 2 hours. Sometimes he goes to the library to read for seminars. At about 7 or 8 o’clock Oleg and his room-mates have supper. In the evening he always has some spare time. He watches TV or, if the program is not interesting, he operates a computer or goes to the cinema or to the disco with his friends. Late at night he feels tired and sleepy. At 11 o’clock he goes to bed. Exercises
to do one’s morning exercises to sit down (at) to have a snack each day to go for a walk spare time to wash up to be over to read (for) not far away to switch on the radio to put on face and neck with a tooth-brush to take a shower it takes to last to leave (for) 2. Find in the text synonyms for the words: free, to go to the University, to turn on the music, to begin, a week day, a period, to end. 3. Find in the text antonyms for the words: to come, to switch off, to be over, to go to bed, to get off a bus, before classes, in the evening, late. 4. Use the text to complete the sentences:
5. Use the text to put 2–3 questions about Oleg’s working day with the words: – How – How many (much) – What – Do (Does) – Is (Are) 6. Find in the text words to speak about Oleg’s day: – in the morning – during classes – after classes – in the evening 7. Be ready to speak about your working day. Additional texts for readingText 1. Student life in Great Britain Read and translate the text with a dictionary. Say what you think about it. Study the following vocabulary before reading the text:vice versa – наоборот a fresher – первокурсник Vac (= vacation) – каникулы a Hall of Residence – общежитие Most 18 and 19 year-olds in Britain are fairly independent people, and when the time comes to pick a college they usually choose one as far away from homes as possible! So, many students in northern and Scottish universities come from the south of England and vice versa. It is very unusual for university students to live at home. Although parents may be a little sad to see this happen, they usually approve of the move, and see it as a necessary part of becoming an adult. When they first arrive at college, first year university students are called ‘freshers’. A fresher’s life can be exciting but terrifying for the first week. Often freshers will live in a Hall of Residence on or near the college campus, although they may move out into a rented room in their second or third year, or share a house with friends. Many freshers will feel very homesick for the first week or so, but living in hall soon helps them to make new friends. During the first week, all the clubs and societies hold a “freshers’ fair” during which they try to persuade the new students to join their society. The freshers are told that it is important for them to come into contact with many opinions and activities during their time at university, but the choice can be a bit overwhelming! On the day that lectures start, groups of freshers are often seen walking around huge campuses, maps in hand and a worried look on their faces. They are learning how difficult it is to change from a school community to one of many thousands. They also learn a new way of studying. As well as lectures, there are regular seminars, at which one of a small group of students (probably not more than ten) reads a paper he or she has written. The paper is then discussed by the tutor and the rest of the group. Once or twice a term, students will have a tutorial. This means that they see a tutor alone to discuss their work and their progress. In Oxford and Cambridge, and some other universities, the study system is based entirely around such tutorials which take place once a week. Attending lectures is optional for ‘Oxbridge’ students! The academic year at all British universities has 3 terms: it starts in October, each term lasting 8 weeks at Oxford and Cambridge, or 10 weeks at other universities. Students have vacations at Christmas, at Easter and the so-called “Long-Vac” in summer. After three or four years’ study (depending on the type of course and the university) the undergraduates will take their first degree – Bachelors of Arts (B.A.) or Bachelors of Science (B.Sc.). It will have been well earned! Text 2. AN ACCOUNT OF A TYPICAL DAY AT OXFORD University Read the text about Christina’s studies at Oxford University.Say what new information you have gained from the text.The system of study at Oxford University brings about a situation where all the days of a term are really working days as we are left to work on our own. I will therefore describe a typical day of the term. In term-time I usually get up at about 8 o’clock, eat breakfast, and then begin private study at about 9 o’clock. Most lectures in the Modern languages faculty tend to be either at 10 or 11 o’clock although there are some at 9 and at 12. As lectures are not compulsory I usually try to ascertain which are worthwhile and attend them. If I have a lecture I go to the university. I continue private study all morning if I have no lectures. At 1 o’clock I eat lunch and then continue to study either in the library or in my room. My work involves reading texts, then criticisms and finally writing an essay on a title given to me by my tutor. I have to do 1 or 2 of these essays a week. I also have to do a French translation and a Russian translation and so almost all the days of the term are devoted to study. The work I do must be presented to my tutor at a tutorial. Quite often therefore in the afternoon I have to go to a tutorial which lasts 1 hour. I eat dinner at 6.30 p.m. and usually study for a couple of hours in the evening and then visit some friends to chat for a while. Sometimes I go to see a French or English film in the evening or to see a play. These films are usually at the cinema but some are shown at the University French Society. |