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INDIRECT OBJECT DIRECT OBJECTKate gave me this cassette. I’ll send my cousin a present. We can say the same thing with a different pattern. DIRECT OBJECT PHRASE WITH TO OR FORKate gave the cassette to someone else. I’ll send a present to my cousin. a) We can use the to pattern or an indirect object with the verbs of giving: give, lend, hand, pass, throw; send, post, bring, take; pay, sell; promise; show, offer; read, write, tell, teach; owe; leave (in a will). In an active sentence, a verb of giving can have two different patterns after it. They both have the same meaning. The Queen gave a medal to the pilot. The Queen gave the pilot a medal. Verbs with two objects have two possible passive structures. Either a medal or the pilot can be the subject of a passive sentence: A medal was given to the pilot. The pilot was given a medal. The first of these two sentences is about a medal, and it tells us who received it. The second is about the pilot, and it tells us what he received. We choose the structure which fits best with what comes before and after. The structure with the person as subject is probably more common.
Ex. 44. Change the structureNothing was sent to me. I was sent nothing. Papers were brought to us to sign. A clock was given to Henry when he retired. Stories were read to the children. ‡ 5,000 is owed to me. A new job has been offered to me. A car has been lent to me for the week. A full explanation was promised to us. A lot of lies were told to me by the secretary. Useful work skills are taught to our staff. Company shares are offered to most employees. People with initiative are given opportunities. Six weeks’ holiday is allowed to all employees. People moving house are given help. Women who leave to have children are paid a sum of money. b) We can use the for pattern or an indirect object with these verbs: buy, get, fetch, bring; find; leave, save; reserve, order, book; make, cook, build; pick, choose: They found a spare ticket for me. OR They found me a spare ticket. With these verbs practically only one passive construction is used, i. e. When the direct object becomes the subject of the Passive Construction: A spare ticket was found for me. Ex. 45. Change the structure using the Passive Voice (give two variants where possible). Tim lent Sarah his calculator. Brian sent a message to his wife. I sold my bike to my brother. The boss promised the workers a pay rise. I’ve saved you a seat. Someone passed the sugar to Dave. Peter told the joke to all his friends. Sam gave his flat-mate some help. I am making our guests a cake. Could you send me a bill? I have bought a present for you. My brother read the letter to me. He is showing Granny his picture. Tom fetched some books to Monica. We owe $ 20,000 to the bank. He will get some beer to me. I wrote my teacher a letter of apology. Sarah threw the ball to Kirsty. They showed her the shortest way to the station. My mother taught me English. Tom has just told me a good story. She will lend me this book on Tuesday. My friend gave me a good piece of advice how to do this job. She told us her name after we had asked her twice. I sent her brother a telegram. Jill had paid the money to the cashier before the shop was closed. c) The verbs: explain, describe, dictate, repeat, mention, say, suggest, introduce, declare, deliver, present, recommend, prove, point out do not have the indirect object first. With these verbs only one Passive Construction is used. Ex. 46. Change the structure using the Passive Voice. Can you explain the plan to us? I’ve come to say goodbye to you. I suggested a new method to her. Describe your wife to me. The teacher is dictating new words to the students. He won’t repeat his orders to them. His brother has already mentioned this interesting detail to me. The court declared to us that the bank was bankrupt. The host had introduced all his guests to his cousin before the meals were brought. Who delivers the mail to you? The expert will prove this fact to you at the next meeting. The lecturer has pointed out this interesting detail to the audience. She decided to devote her life to handicapped people. “I have been explaining this rule to you for two hours,” – he said irritably. SECTION V. R E V I S I O N Part 1. Ex. 47. Put the sentences into the Passive Voice where possible. Goldfish live in fresh water. The Egyptians built pyramids. Walked 4 miles yesterday. They arrived at 7 last night. They informed me about it. I slept till 8. It’s raining. You must obey the rules. He’s sneezing again. You can buy videos like this anywhere. Someone has to write the history of this place. The have sold their car to pay the debts. They hold a meeting in the village hall once a week. They have proved that there is no life in the Moon. They owe a lot of money to Moscow Narodny Bank. Ex. 48. Rewrite the sentences, putting the underlined verbs into the Passive. Make any other changes where necessary. They should have given us this information ages ago. This information should have been given to us ages ago. Do you want to someone to wake you up in the morning? I don’t like someone telling me what to do. The windows are really dirty: no-one’s cleaned them for weeks. After the company made him redundant, he became very depressed. I would like them to have given me the chance to explain my point of view, but they weren’t interested. I’m hoping they will choose me for the college football team. People believe that many more people will die of skin cancer over the next ten years. If it hadn’t rained so much, we would have finished the job on time. We can’t take the car: the people at the garage are repairing it. Ex. 49. Most of the sentences contain one mistake. Correct it of write “right”. My neighbour is very proud of her new grandson Kiriusha who born last week. I’m very fond of this old brooch because it was belonged to my grandmother. My family live in Montego Bay but I was educated in Kingston. I’m afraid I can’t lend you my camera. It’s repairing this week. The bridge was collapsed during the floods but fortunately no one was using it at the time. If you aren’t careful what you’re doing with that hammer someone will hurt in a minute! The word “stupid” was in my report but it wasn’t referred to you. I’m sorry I’m late. I got held up in the traffic. When did you discover that the money had been disappeared? Children under the age of seven do not allow in this pool. Ex. 50. Put in the correct forms, active or passive, of the verbs in brackets. HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES Lord Manning was a rich and famous banker. When he (die), he (give) a magnificent funeral which (attend) by hundreds of famous people. The funeral was going to (hold) in Westminster Abbey. Many ordinary people (line) the streets to watch the procession. The wonderful black and gold carriage (draw) by 16 black horses. The mourners (follow) in silence. Lord Mannings (give) a royal farewell. Two tramps were among the crowd , they (watch) the procession. As solemn music (can/hear) in the distance, one of them (turn) to the other and (whisper) in admiration: ”Now, that’s what I call really living!” Ex. 51. Put in the correct forms, active or passive, of the verbs in brackets. FISHY TALES Mermaids (see) … by sailors for centuries. The basis of all mermaids myths (suppose) …to be a creature called a Manatee: a kind of walrus! Mermaids used to (show) …in funfairs until recently. It all began in 1817 when a “mermaid” (buy) …for $6,00 by a sailor in South Pacific. She (eventually sell) …to the great circus owner Barnum. She (exhibit) …in 1842 as “The Feejee Mermaid”. It (say)… that she earned Barnum $ 1,000 a week! The thousands who saw this mermaid (must/disappoint)… . She (cleverly make) …by a Japanese fisherman. A monkey’s head (delicately sew) …to the tail of a large salmon. The job (so skilfully do) …that the joint between the fish and the monkey was invisible. Real imagination (must/require) …to see this revolting creature as a beautiful mermaid combing her golden hair! Ex. 52. Use passive or active, in any appropriate tense, for the verbs in brackets. The Amazon valley is extremely important to the ecology of the earth. Forty percent of the world’s oxygen (produce) there. The game (win, probably) by the other team tomorrow. They’re a lot better than we are. There was a terrible accident on a busy downtown street yesterday. Dozens of people (see) it, including my friend, who (interview) by the police. In my country, certain prices (control) by the government, such as prices for medical supplies. However, other prices (determine) by how much people are willing to pay for a product. Yesterday the wind (blow) my hat off my head. I had to chase it down the street. I (want, not) to lose it because it’s my favourite hat and it (cost) me a lot. Right now Alex is in the hospital. He (treat) for a bad burn on his hand and arm. Yesterday a purse-snatcher (catch) by a dog. While the thief (chase) by the police, he (jump) over a fence into someone’s yard, where he encountered a ferocious dog. The dog (keep) the thief from escaping. Frostbite may occur when the skin (expose) to extreme cold. It most frequently (affect) the skin of the cheeks, chin, ears, fingers, nose, and toes. The first fish (appear) on the earth about 500 million years ago. Up to now, over 20,000 kinds of fish (name) and (describe) by scientists. New species (discover) every day, so the total increases continually. Proper first aid can save a victim’s life, especially if the victim is bleeding heavily, has stopped breathing, of (poison). The government used to support the school. Today it (support) by private funds as well as by the tuition the students pay. Richard Anderson is a former astronaut. Several years ago, at the age of 52, Anderson (inform) by his superior at the aircraft corporation that he could no longer be a test pilot. He (tell) that he was being relieved from his duties because of his age. Claiming age discrimination, he took the corporation to court. In the early 80’s, photographs of Mars (send) back to earth by unmanned space probes. From these photographs, scientists have been able to make detailed maps of the surface of Mars. A network of lines (discover) on Mars’ surface by an Italian astronomer around the turn of the century. The astronomer (call) these lines” channels”, but when the Italian word (translate) into English, it became “canals”. As a result, some people thought the lines were waterways that (build) by some unknown living creatures. We know that the lines are not really canals. Canals (exist, not) on Mars. Ex. 53. Supply the required passive forms of the verbs in brackets. Aunt Dinah (not to like) by my father’s family; she (to consider) vulgar. After his brother’s departure Paul sat for a long time thinking about what (to say). “I’m not prepared”, my father said, ”to listen to your suggestions that you never (to treat) fairly at school”. In the drawing-room the music of Mozart (to play) by an orchestra seen on the screen. “Remember I (to pay) by an hour”’ grumbled the driver. But there were signs that order (to restore) in the town. I (to receive) by one of the chiefs and (to take) for lunch to the canteen. Well, what (to do) about it, Ted? He went into the bedroom. The bed (to turn) down for the night by a naked maid many hours before. Please find out of our father (to see) to leave. She could have gone to Cambridge if she had wanted, she (to offer) a scholarship. He arrived just after the electricity (to cut), and Joseph was lighting the oil-lamps. On Friday she (to give) two weeks’ notice at the Works. Then the voice announced that the passengers (to ask) to pass through the Customs. I wondered to what extent she (to influence) by his name to accept the offer. Meg (to look) upon as a perfect wife for a terrorist. Such are the matters that (to deal) with in Mr. Burrough’s book. He (see) entering the school building just when the first student (call) upon to read aloud from the Beowulf. Ahead of us the port lay in a flood of lights. Two cargo-ships (to unload) a shipment of cocaine. I found the idea of going to Hereford very upsetting because I (to promise) a very nice job a couple of weeks before. Not far away she noticed the film manager in whose office she once (to make) to feel so ridiculous. “You must be very prosperous, Jimmy, to own a car like that.” “This car (to lend) to me by an American woman.” I felt I (to catch) on boasting. I couldn’t tell him that I had spent the money I (to leave) in order to get myself a house. After lunch, we heard that Charles (to send) for. Ex. 54. Use the required passive forms. 1. The reception was all that (to expect). When we arrived we (to show) into some kind of hall where we (to detain) with the rest of the actors. Apparently we (not to allow) yet to mingle with the other crowd. As the guests assembled in the room, it was plain to me that they (to choose) carefully. Looking around, I recognised Anthony Blanche. He (to point) out to me often in the streets. I (to interrupt) in my observation by a woman reporter whom the manager had led up to me. I (to warn) against the dangers of being interviewed by strangers. As we (to introduce) I made up my mind to avoid it at any cost. 2. It was Saturday night and Pete sat watching TV. People (to kill) for an hour on the screen. Policemen (to shoot) in the line of duty, gangsters (to throw) off roofs, and an elderly lady slowly (to poison) for her pearls, and her murderer (to bring) to justice by a cigarette company after long discussions which (to hold) in the office of a private detective. Villains holding guns (to leap) at by brave, unarmed actors, and ingenues (to save) from deaths by the quick-thinking young men. 3. The Connolly children (to find) lurking under the seats of a carriage when the train (to empty). They (to drag) out and (to stand) on the platform. Since they could not (to leave) there, they (to include) in the party that (to send) by bus to the village. From that moment their destiny for ever (to involve) with that of the village. Nothing ever (to discover) about the children’s parents. 4. Bridgehampton, Friday. A disastrous fire broke out on the top floor of the Grand Hotel, Washington Road, in the small hours of the morning. The alarm (to give) by the night porter. His attention (to draw) to smoke issuing from one of the top floor windows by a group of young people who were returning late from a dance. Within five minutes the town Fire Brigade was on the spot. The work of fighting the fire and evacuating the guests seriously (to hamper) by the non-operation of the lifts. It (to believe) that the fire (to cause) by a short circuit in the lift machinery and had extended to the whole floor before it (to detect). The flames (to bring) under control in fifty-two hours. Two of the guests staying at the hotel lost their lived. They (to trap) in their rooms and evidently (to overcome) by fumes before the rescuers could reach hem. A third guest (to take) to the hospital with multiple burns. His condition (to report) as being serious. Ex. 55. Use the required active or passive tense forms. 1. I once (to know) a village teacher who (to be) partially blind. He (to deprive) of one eye as the result of infection. His blind eye (to take) out, and a glass one (to insert) in its socket instead. One day the teacher (to need) to leave his class of small children alone for half an hour or so. But he (to hold) back by one consideration. The children of the class (to be) really unruly. He (to know) that if they (to leave) alone for any length of time they (to become) violent and complaints (to make) by their parents. Suddenly he (to strike) by an idea. In a moment his glass eye (to take) out of its socket, and (to place) on the table. “Now, children,” he said, “I (to go) out for a few minutes but you (to observe) all the time by my eye. If anything (to do) which (not to approve) by me it (to see) by my eye, and the child (to punish) when I (to return). The children (to impress) very much, and the teacher (to go) off. But when he (to return) an hour later (to seem) that a hurricane (to pass) through the classroom. The teacher (to astound). “Evidently”, he thought, “I (to outwit). I wonder how.” In the classroom the tables (to overturn), the walls (to spatter) with ink from ink-bombs which (to throw) during the battle which still (to fight) out as a manifestation of high spirits. In fact, a good time (to have) by all. The teacher (to wonder) why the presence of his glass eye (not to respect). He (to look) around for it and (to see) that it (to cover) by a hat. 2. At the last glow of sunset, they (to board) the aeroplane in inverse order of seniority beginning with the sergeant and ending with General Spitz. The plane they (to provide) with was luxurious for the wartime. It (to fit) with seats. Little lights (to glow) along the roof. Soon the doors (to shut). The lights (to go) out. It (to be) now completely dark. What once (to be) windows (to paint) out. The roar of the engine (to impose) silence on the party. Dan, who (to put) himself next to cockpit, (to long) for a forbidden cigarette and (to try) to compose himself for sleep, though it (to be) far from his normal bedtime. He (to wear) the same shirt all day without a chance of changing. In the hot afternoon it (to be) damp with sweat. Now in the chill upper air it (to cling) to him and (to set) him shivering. It (not to occur) to him to bring his greatcoat. It (to be) an unsatisfactory day. He (to wander) about the streets of the old town with the Lieutenant. They (to lunch) at the club and (to order) to report at the airfield two hours before they (to need). He (not to dine) and (to see) no hope of doing so. He (to sit) in black boredom and discomfort until, after and hour, sleep (to come). Ex. 56. Translate into English. В этом журнале часто печатаются статьи по сельскому хозяйству. Когда был построен этот вокзал. Эта работа будет окончена через три дня. Его скоро пошлют в Киев. Его спросили, где он работает. Где будет построена новая библиотека? Что сейчас производится на этой фабрике? Эти книги продаются во всех книжных магазинах Москвы. Библиотека уже была закрыта, так как было уже 8 часов. Письмо не может быть отправлено сегодня, так как оно еще не подписано директором. После того, как ящики были распакованы, мы обнаружили, что некоторые части машины были сломаны во время перевозки. Какие товары грузили, когда вы приехали в порт? Книги и учебники печатаются в Финляндии на 56 языках. Первая часть этой книги печатается в Санкт-Петербурге, а вторая часть будет печататься в Москве. Газеты только что принесли. Какой вопрос обсуждали на собрании, когда вы пришли? Около вокзала будет строиться новый мост. Он будет построен к следующему Рождеству. Московский Государственный Университет основан в 1755 г. Ex. 57. Translate into English. Он сможет прочесть эту статью, если она будет переведена на португальский язык. Сэр Джон уедет из Москвы, когда договор будет подписан. Фирма получит письмо в понедельник, если оно будет отослано сегодня. Когда эта работа будет сделана, я покажу ее директору. Как только документы будут подписаны, мы отошлем их в ООН. Они уедут в Париж после того, как будут решены все вопросы в отношении наследства. Мы не сможем решить эти вопросы до того, как будут получены эти сведения от нашего надежного агента. Как только журналы будут получены, мы покажем их вам. Я думаю, он согласится поехать туда, если его попросят. Не хочу показывать вам свою работу, пока она не будет закончена. Ex. 58. Translate into English. Над нами смеялись, когда он сказал это. На них смотрели с большим интересом, когда они появились в зале. Послали ли уже за доктором? На статью этого ученого часто ссылаются. Почему ты думаешь, что над Беном будут смеяться? Об этой книге уже говорят два года. На эти сведения можно положиться. Господина Н. всегда слушают с большим интересом. Я уверен, что на этом плане будут настаивать. О цене на эти товары надо договориться. Ex. 59. Translate into English. Я думал, что этот журнал продается во всех газетных киосках. Я думал, что эти товары будут доставлены самолетом. Секретарь сказал, что все документы были просмотрены директором. Я слышал, что его послали в Лондон. Генеральный директор был уверен, что он получит письмо вовремя, если оно будет отправлено в понедельник. Мы сказали, что закажем эти машины, если цена будет снижена. Наш начальник сказал, что эти вопросы не будут обсуждаться, пока не будет получен ответ из банка. Мне было интересно, пригласят ли его на вечер. Я знал, что он согласится принять участие в этой работе, если его попросят. Part 2. EXERCISES (advanced level). Ex. 60. Find the mistakes in each of these sentences and correct them. Romeo and Juliet were written from Shakespeare. I can’t give you a ride because my car is repairing. I were told that, after been repaired, it will be as good as new. It thought that many diseases caused by smoking cigarettes. We were telling to arrive by noon, but we were delay. It was announce for the company president that large profits had be made. Ex. 61. Change these sentences as in the example. Then think about why this mistakes them better, and check your answers in the key. E.g.: That she had not written to her parents for over two years surprised me. I was surprised that she had not written to her parents for over two years. That nobody was prepared to take him to hospital shocked us. That Mary wanted to tell everybody what to do annoyed me. That George rang me up at three o’clock in the morning to tell me he was in love again didn’t please me. The fact that he looked completely different from the last time I had met him confused me. Ex. 62. Choose the best way of continuing after each sentence. 1. He lives in a small house. a) Somebody built it about forty years ago. b) It was built about forty years ago. 2. English is worth learning. a) People speak it in a lot of countries. b) It is spoken in a lot of countries. 3. He got a sport car, but he didn’t like it. a) So he sold it again. b) So it was sold again. 4. My nephew is an artist. a) He has just painted another picture. b) Another picture has just been painted by him. 5. The new Virginia Meyer film is marvellous. a) They are showing it at our local cinema. b) It is being shown at our local cinema. Ex. 63. Choose the best sentence from each pair to build up a continuous text. E.g.: a) How books are made? b) How people make books? a) First of all, printers print big sheets of papers. b) First of all, big sheets of papers are printed. a) Each sheet contains the text of a number of pages (e.g. 32). b) Each text of a number of pages (e.g. 32) is contained in each sheet. a) People fold and cut the sheets to produce sections of the book. b) The sheets are folded and cut to produce sections of the book. a) These sections are called signatures. b) We call these sections signatures. a) The printers put all the signatures together in a correct order. b) All the signatures are put together in a correct order. a) Then they are bound together and their edges are trimmed. b) Then they bind the signatures together and trim the edges. a) Finally, the cover — which has been printed separately — is attached. b) Finally, they attach the cover — which they have printed separately. a) Now the publishers can publish the book. b) Now the book can be published. Ex. 64. A) Rewrite these instructions, using simple commands instead of the passive. A regular size sheet of typing paper (8½ x 11 inches of A4) needs to be used for this experiment. First of all, it has to be torn into four smaller pieces. This is done as follows: 1. It has to be folded in the middle and then it can be torn into two pieces. 2. Each piece is folded again across the middle and torn to make a total of four equal-size pieces. Now one of the pieces is placed on the table with the long sides pointing down. A horizontal line is drawn across the top of the paper about a quarter of the way from the top. Then two vertical lines are drawn downwards from the horizontal line, so that the bottom part of the paper is divided into three equal-size parts. Next, the paper has to be torn along each of these vertical lines as far as the horizontal line so that three flaps are created. Then the left flap is folded towards you and the right flap is folded away from you — the folds are made right at the top of the flap. The centre flap should not be not folded, though. Now a paper clip has to be found and this is attached to the bottom of the centre flap. Finally, the whole thing has to be raised high and is then allowed to fall… Begin like this: Use a regular-size sheet of a typing paper (8½ x 11 inches of A4) for this experiment. First of all, tear it into four smaller pieces. Do this as follows: … B) Carry out the experiment, following the instructions you have written. Ex. 65. Rewrite these newspaper headlines as complete sentences, using the passive. E.g.: Theft of valuable painting from National Gallery. A valuable painting has been stolen from the National Gallery. 1. Over 100 highway deaths last month 2. Over 24,000 new businesses begun last year 3. Spacecraft discovers new planet beyond Pluto 4. 15 students arrested after demonstration 5. Mexico wins soccer championship 6. Manager accused of the accepting bribes — forced to resign 7. Missing airliner found in jungle — survivors rescued by helicopter SECTION VI. CHECK YOURSELF 1. Rewrite these sentences in the passive, using appropriate tense or modal: They destroyed the original picture years ago. They have never explained the events of that night. You shouldn’t store cleaning fluid and soft drinks together. You can buy film for this camera anywhere. They took the stolen goods across the frontier. You will show passes when entering the building. They had told her to make an application. 2. Complete these sentences using a passive construction. Only use by if it’s natural to do so. A bus nearly hit Keith while he was trying to cross the road. (Keith…) Luckily lightning doesn’t strike many people. The incident shouldn’t harm relations between the police and the community. The snow is very heavy. British Rail has cancelled all trains to Scotland. The police officer is interviewing her about the crime. The burglars have stolen my stereo and television. 3. Change the passive sentences in the letter into the active. Dear Madame, It is with regret that we now give the formal notice that your account has been closed. Your credit limit has been exceeded by over $ 200. Customers are asked to apply in writing if they wish their credit to be extended, and this was not done. You were warned last month that this would be the result. In accordance with the conditions of use, a copy of which has already been sent to you, the whole of the balance is payable with immediate effect. You are required to return to us your credit card, but before doing so it should be cut in half for security. A pre-addressed envelope (not pre-paid) is enclosed. Yours faithfully, R. J. Box, General Manager 4. Turn these newspapers headlines into radio news headlines. (Informal, spoken form.) “Highjacked jet blown up” “Cure for cancer at last” “7 pickets arrested in miners’ strike” “40 killed in train crash in Sweden” 5. Complete each sentence using a passive construction. 1. — I’m glad that horrible man (catch). — Yes, I’m sure he (send) to prison. 2. — When I saw him he (question) by the police. — I think he (give) a very long sentence. 3. — The postman told me he (bite) by a dog. — (Take) to hospital? 4. — I hear that a lot of Irish jokes (include) in tonight’s show. — Oh, no! I hate it when insulting jokes (tell) about other nationalities. 6. Choose the best form. On Tuesday August 11th 1911 a young artist, Louis Beraud, (1) at the Louvre in Paris to complete a painting of the Salon Carre. This was the room where the world’s famous paintings, the Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci, was on display. To his surprise, there was an empty space where the painting (2). A guard told him it probably (3). An hour later several visitors had complained about the missing picture, and so the guard went enquire about it. At eleven o’clock the museum authorities realised that the painting (4). The police (5), but it was 3 p.m. before the exits (6). The newspapers (7) at 4 p.m., and the next day headlines all over the world announced the theft. Actually the Leonardo (8) for more than 24 hours before anyone noticed it was missing.
SECTION VII. COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES Ex. 66. Practice saying these sentences and answer the questions. a) The secretary will mail these letters to morrow. b) These letters will be mailed tomorrow, and what about these ones? a) Someone ought to wash those dishes right away. b) Those dishes ought to be washed right away, and what about these ones? a) The factory produced 5,000 cars every day last year. b) 5,000 cars were produced every day last year, and what about this year? a) People drink a great deal of tea in England. b) A great deal of tea is drunk in England, and what about your country? a) Craftsmen make many beautiful objects of paper in Japan. b) Many beautiful objects of paper are made in Japan, and what about India? a) They used to sell medicine here. b) Medicine is used to be sold here, and where is it sold now? a) You must return these books within a fortnight. b) These books must be returned within a fortnight, and what about those ones? a) A gang of workmen built this house in 1840. b) This house was built in 1840, and what about this one? Ex. 67. A press conference is being held. Put in the correct forms of the verbs. Dramatise the dialogue. 1. Reporter: Can this new drug prolong human life? Professor: yes, we believe that human life can be prolonged by the drug. 2. R.: Are you going to do any more tests on the drug? P.: Yes, further tests ______. 3. R. What _____ the drug _____? P.: It will be called Bio-Meg. 4. R.: Can people use the drug now? P.: No, the drug ______ yet. 5. R.: Who will produce the drug? P.: It _____ by the Bentrix drug company. 6. R. Do you think they should sell it to anyone who wants it? P.: Yes, I think it _____ freely. 7. R.: And what quantity could Bentrix produce? P.: We believe the drug _____ in large quantities. Ex. 68. You are telling a friend some news. Use the notes and write each sentence in the Present Perfect, active (has done) or passive (has been done). 1. (Someone — repair — phone box) You know the phone box at the end of the road? It has been repaired. 2. (Trevor — leave — his wife) Have you heard about Trevor? _______________. 3. (Someone — steal — Kate’s — new car) You know about Kate’s new car? ____________. 4. (Parkers — buy — video camera) You know the Parkers? They _________. 5. (An ambulance — take — Mr. Deacon — hospital) Poor old Mr. Deacon! He _____________. 6. (Owner — sell — house) You know the house on the corner? It ___________. 7. (Picture — win — the competition) You remember that picture Mark painted? _____________. 8. (Company — sack — Caroline) I feel sorry for Caroline. ______________. 9. (Something — run over — cat) Bad news about the cat next door! ______________! Ex. 69. Complete this conversation with verbs in a suitable tense, active or passive. Learn the dialogue by heart. Cindy and Petra are members of a volleyball team. C. Why wasn’t Claire at the training session? P. Haven’t you heard? She has been (1) thrown out for stealing. C. No! Really? P. Yes! She __(2)__ taking money from someone’s bag in the changing room. C Who by? P. The sports club manager. She __(3)__ through the changing room when she __(4)__. C. Oh, dear… That’s terrible! P. Claire said she __(5)__ to fetch the money by Karen, but when Karen __(6)__ about it, she said she __(7)__ (not) what Claire was talking about. C. But how stupid of Karen to leave money in the changing room! P. Yes! She __(8)__that by the manager too. C. She __(9)__ (not) it again, anyhow. P. No, I guess not. What do you think Claire __(10)__ now? C. I don’t know. This is the second club she __(11)__ to leave, isn’t it? P. Yes. It’s hard to know what can __(12)__ for someone like Claire. Ex. 70. Who by? Group work. Match the two columns. Then make a sentence for each, using the passive. Look at the example first. Example: I think penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming. 1. Guernica Margaret Mitchell 2. Radium Picasso 3. Penicillin Agatha Christie 4. Rashomon Thomas Edison 5. Light bulbs Madonna 6. Gone with the Wind Alexander Fleming 7. Walkman Stereo Walt Disney 8. Mickey Mouse MGIMO University 9. Material Girl Sony 10. War and Peace Marie Curie 11. This booklet Akira Kurosawa 12. Murder on the Orient Express Leo Tolstoy Ex. 71. It has to be redecorated! A) Before Maria and Brian can move into their new apartment, it has to be redecorated. Amy and Bob are doing the work for them. Change these sentences using the passive. They gave the job to Amy and Bob. They started the work last week. They finished the kitchen on Monday. They were doing the bedroom on Friday. They are painting the living room now. They have painted the walls green. They are going to paint the ceiling pink. They are going to finish the work next week. B) Pair work. Look at the decoration of the room you are in now. Talk about what has been done and what needs to be done. Ex. 71. Pair work. Imagine that your apartment was redecorated while you were on vacation.. Unfortunately, your instructions were not followed. Your partner should find out what was done wrong in your apartment. These are the instructions that were left for the painter. You can see what was done right: blue , and what was done wrong: white — pale green (pale green instead of white)
Example: Was your kitchen painted all right? No, the kitchen ceiling should have been painted white instead of pink, and walls were painted pale green instead of white. A. And how about the door? B. The door was painted blue which was fine. Ex. 72. Has everything been done? Pair work. Student A. Imagine that you took your car to be serviced at your local garage, and these are the jobs you wanted them to do. Phone the garage and find out from your partner (owner of the garage) which jobs have been done. Use the pattern: Has anyone checked the oil? Student B Imagine that you work at the garage. Your partner is going to phone you to check which jobs have been done to his/her car. The job that have been done are shown with a check (). Use the patterns: Yes, the oil has been checked. No, the hood has not been polished yet, but I’ll make sure it is done before you get here.
Ex. 73. Present Progressive Passive. Imagine you are in a busy hotel at midday. Make sentences to say what is being done, using words from the list below and Present Progressive Passive. E.g.: Beds are being made. Beds bills coffee drinks food luggage money new guests reservations rooms tables Bring down change clean lay make order pay prepare serve take welcome Ex. 74. Present Perfect Passive. Imagine that, rich and famous, you returned to your old homed after 50 years. A lot of things are different. Make sentences, using words from the list below and the Present Perfect Passive. E.g.: The Cafe Royal has been turned into a casino. Cafe Royal house boats new car park new schools opera house old fire station ring road station streets town centre statue of you Super Cinema your house build modernise put up in park rebuild widen turn into casino (floating restaurant / museum / supermarket / theatre / pedestrian precinct Ex. 74. Infinitive and -ing forms. Make some sentences beginning I (don’t) like …-ing or I (don’t) want to … using words from the list. E.g.: I like being talked to. I don’t want to be forgotten. Admire, criticise, forget, give presents, ignore, invite out, laugh at, like, listen to, look at, laugh, need, shout at, take seriously, talk about, talk to, undervalue THE PASSIVE VOICE (Contents) SECTION I. THE FORMATION OF THE PASSIVE VOICE………………...1MODAL VERBS……………………………………………………2 USES OF THE PASSIVE VOICE PECULIAR TO THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE…………………………………………………2 Exercises 1-2SECTION II.1. RECOGNISE THE PASSIVE………………………………..7 2. SIMPLE FORMS………………………………………………7 3. PROGRESSIVE FORMS……………………………………..11 4. PERFECT FORMS……………………………………………13 Exercises 3-13SECTION III. 1. THE PASSIVE MIXED FORMS…………………………….16 2. ACTIVE OR PASSIVE? MIXED TENSES…………………20 Exercises 14-25SECTION IV. 1. PASSIVE AFTER MODAL VERBS…………………………24 2. PASSIVE VERBS WITH PREPOSITIONAL OBJECTS….25 3. PASSIVE WITH GET………………………………………..29 4. PASSIVE SENTENCES WITH AND WITHOUT BY……..32 5. PASSIVE STRUCTURES OF THE VERBS WITH TWO OBJECTS……………………………………….36 Exercises 26-46SECTION V. REVISION Part 1……………………………………………………………..43 Exercises 47-59 Part 2 — Exercises (advanced level)……………………………48 Exercises 60-65 SECTION VI. CHECK YOURSELF………………………………………….52 SECTION VII COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES………………………….54 Exercises 66-74 Test Ex. 75 (Top secret. Burn before reading.) Choose the right verb forms. Millions of pounds worth of damage has caused/has been caused by a storm which passed/was passed across the north of England last night. The River Ribble burst/was burst its banks after heavy rain. People rescue/were rescued from the floods by firemen, who receive/were received numerous calls for help. Wind speeds reached/were reached ninety miles an hour in some places. Roads blocked/were blocked by fallen trees and electricity lines brought/were brought down, leaving thousands of homes without electricity. ‘Everything possible is doing/is being done to get the situation back to normal,’ a spokesman said/was said. |