01_видо-временные формы английского глагола_обзор. Tenses видовременные формы глагола Глагол (the verb)
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TENSESВидо-временные формы глагола Глагол (the VERB)Имеет формы: времени (когда совершается действие) вида (способ представления действия – процесс, результат и т.д.) залога (как представлено действие – с точки зрения субъекта или объекта) ВРЕМЯ:
past future ВИД: simple progressive (continuous) perfect perfect continuous времяSimplefacts Regular actions plans Time signals
Continuous_(=Progressive)_=_process_/_=_change_/_project'>Continuous (=Progressive) = process / = change / projectAt 5 o-clock yesterday Tomorrow at 15.00 From 10 to 12 yesterday NOW From 10 to 12 tomorrow Perfect (= result; news)Perfect Continuous (= process+history)
Система видо-временных форм в английском языкеТочка отсчета Горизонт = временной план
Вертикаль = способы представления действия SIMPLE:
CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE) процессы проекты изменения PERFECT результаты PERFECT CONTINUOUS: процессы «с предысторией»
SimplePresent
universal truths (The Moon rotates round the Earth) states (I feel cold) relations (This book belongs to the library) Future plans, threats, promises, warnings, forecasts, predictions
We will/shall sign another contract with this company in December We’ll sign ....
She bought a car last month We asked them for a discount I robbed a bank last year Present ContinuousПроцессы – протекающие в момент речи Изменения – происходящие на наших глазах Проекты - реализуемые в настоящее время, с обозримыми временными границами Самое близкое будущее The weather is changing The prices are going up I am flying to Moscow tomorrow They are repairing the bridge We are installing new equipment Are you robbing a bank next week, Mario? Examples and time signalsI am testing a new device (right now) The engine is knocking (still) I am installing the programme (right now) The equipment is becoming more and more sophisticated We are moving to a new office . Present Continuous vs. Present SimpleI am calling, I am calling I call my parent every weekend He can’t answer you, he is calling somebody else They are still working! And it’s 8 in the evening! They work out of the city, in the countryside You are still sleeping?! It’s 9 o’clock already! What are you doing?Are you sleeping? No, I am not. What are you doing?
Talk to a friend I’m talking to a friend Shop We’re shopping Download a file I’m downloading a file Do exercises We’re doing exercises Watch a film We’re watching a film Cook dinner I’m cooking dinner Buy a ticket I’m buying a ticket Book a room I’m booking a room Fly to London We’re flying to London Lie in the sun = sunbathe I’m lying in the sun Have coffee I’m having coffee Withdraw the money from the cash machine I’m withdrawing the money Rob a bank I’m robbing a bank What is she/he doing? What are they/you doing?Past ContinuousI was checking the e-mail when you called He was driving when I called We were installing a new equipment when the blackout occurred She was crossing the street at that moment He was checking the brakes for an hour Future ContinuousWe will be installing a new equipment from 9.00 till 15.00 They will be fixing the equipment tomorrow in the morning We will be testing the equipment tomorrow from 15.00 till 18.00 Perfect: result for a definite point in timePresent Perfect Perfect: Present Perfectрезультаты / новости ЗНАЧИМЫЕ ДЛЯ НАСТОЯЩЕГО МОМЕНТА
We have just moved to a new office They have already signed the contract I have not downloaded the docs yet I have never been there The President has signed a new decree this week I have just installed the programme Present Perfect: time signalsAlready: I have already checked the figures. Yet? Have you checked the figures yet? Not yet I have not checked the figures yet Just: I have just checked the figures. This… I have checked the figures this week Never: I have never checked the figures Lately/recently: I have checked the figures lately Present Perfect vs. Past Simple
16.Perfect ContinuousПроцесс с предысторией (since 2009 = for ten years)
He has been working since morning He has been working for 4 hours The machine has been running for 6 hours We have been installing the new equipment for a week |