английский. Text 1 Science. Before reading the text translate the following words
 Скачать 30.54 Kb.
|
|
Unit 1. Science and Technology. Text 1 Science. Before reading the text translate the following words: Science, cover, broad, deal with, relationship, wide, variety, search for, clue, universe, origin, cell, research, solve, complicated, unity, attempt, happen, consider, prove, divide, major, grow (grew), complicated, boundary, clear, numerous, overlap, interconnect, influence, provide, discovery, invention, shape, Universe, tool. The word “science” comes from the Latin word “scientia”, which means “knowledge”. Science covers the broad field of knowledge that deals with facts and the relationship among these facts. Scientists study a wide variety of subjects. Some scientists search for clues to the origin of the Universe and examine the structure of the cells of living plants and animals. Other researches investigate why we act the way we do, or try to solve complicated mathematical problems. Scientists use systematic methods of study to make observations and collect facts. They develop theories that help them order and unity facts. Scientific theories consist of general principals or laws that attempt to explain how and why something happens or happened. A theory is considered to become a part of scientific knowledge if it has been tested experimentally and proved to be true. Scientific study can be divided into three major groups: the natural, social and technical sciences. As science knowledge grew and became more complicated. Many new fields of science appeared. At the same time, the boundaries between scientific fields became less clear. Numerous areas of science overlap each other and it is often hard to tell where one science ends and another begins. All sciences are closely interconnected. Science has great influence on our life. It provides the basis of modern technology – the tools and machines that make our life and work easier. The discoveries and inventions of scientists also help shape our view about ourselves and our place in the Universe. Exercise 1. Find in the text the English for: большая область знаний - broad field of knowledge иметь дело с - deals with отношения между - relationship among большое множество - wide variety и происхождение Вселенной - origin of the Universe решать проблемы - solve problems граница между - boundaries between различать - divided близко взаимосвязаны - closely interconnected оказывать влияние - influence сформировать взгляд на - shape our view about Exercise 2. Find in the text the synonyms for: Learn - a large number of - look for - decide - difficult problems – complicated problems try - scientific research - major groups - various - Exercise 3. Choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph. The fields of scientific research. Different groups of sciences. The importance of science. What is science? – правильный ответ Methods of scientific research. Exercise 4. Ask questions to the following sentences. The word “science” comes from the Latin word “scientia”. (Слово «наука» происходит от латинского слова «scientia».) What word does the word "science" come from? – От какого слова происходит слово «наука»? Scientists use systematic methods of study to make observations and collect facts (Ученые используют систематические методы исследования, чтобы проводить наблюдения и собирать факты.) What methods do scientists use and for what? - Какие методы используют ученые и для чего? Scientific study can be divided into three major groups: the natural. (Научные исследования можно разделить на три основные группы: естественные.) Which groups can scientific research be divided into? – На какие группы можно разделить научные исследования? Scientists use systematic methods of study to make observations and collect facts (Ученые используют систематические методы исследования, чтобы проводить наблюдения и собирать факты.) What methods do scientists use and for what? - Какие методы используют ученые и для чего? Science has great influence on our life. (Наука имеет большое влияние на нашу жизнь.) What influence does science have on our lives? – Какое влияние наука оказывает на нашу жизнь? Text 2. Technology Technology means the use of people’s inventions and discoveries to satisfy their needs. Since people appeared on the Earth, they had to get food, clothes and shelter. Through the ages people invented tools, machines and materials to make work easier. Nowadays, when people speak of technology, they generally mean industrial technology. Industrial technology began about 200 years ago with the development of the steam engine, the growth of factories, and the mass production of goods. It influenced different aspects of people’s lives. The development of the car influenced where people lived and worked. Radio and television changed their leisure time. The telephone revolutionized communication. Science contributed much to modern technology. Science attempts to explain how and why things happen. Technology makes things happen. But not all technology is based on science. For example, people made different objects from iron for centuries before they learnt the structure of the metal. But some modern technologies, such as nuclear power production and space travel, depend heavily on science. Exercise 1. Find in text 2 the English for: изобретения и открытия, удовлетворять потребности, инструменты, облегчить работу, промышленная технология, паровой двигатель, развитие, рост, массовое производство товаров, влиять, способствовать, делать попытку, атомная энергия, сильно зависеть от. Exercise 2. Find in the texts the words, which have the opposite meanings to the following: Narrow, easy, practice, to try, artificial, old, more, to begin, small, different, little Exercise 3. Read, translate the sentences, change the words in italics into the words with similar and opposite meanings 1.He happened to meet her in that broad street. 2. They are investigating complex problems. 3. It was a very difficult experiment. 4. They started researching this problem. 5. It was a big contribution. Exercise 4. Fill in the blanks with the articles a, an, the where necessary. ... most common type of... computer is ... digital computer.... largest digital computers are ... parts of.... computer system that fill... large room. ... smallest digital computers — some so small they can рай through ... eye of... needle — are found inside ... watches, ... pocket calculators, and ... other devices. Exercise 5. a) Read and state the function of the verbs be, have All digital computers have two basic parts: a memory and a processor. The memory is receiving data and holding them until they are needed. The memory is made up of a big collection of switches (переключатели). The processor is changing data into useful information by the converting numbers into other numbers. It reads numbers from the memory, performs basic arithmetic calculations, and puts the answer back into the memory. The processor is performing this activity and over again until the desired result is achieved. Both the memory and the processor are electronic. b) Fill in the blanks with the verbs be, have People ... used calculating devices since ancient times. The first electronic digital computer ... built in 1946. The large room ... filled with the computer. Since then rapid improvement in computer technology ... led to the development of smaller, more powerful, and less еxpensive computers. But computers ... not able to think. A user... to tell the computer in very simple terms exactly what to do with the data it receives. A list of instructions for a computer to follow ... called a program. Exercise 6 . Mind the word order Extend the following sentences with the words given in brackets. 1. Scientists solve problems (complicated, some, mathematical, to try). Researchers make observations (facts, and, collect). The boundaries have become clear (fields, scientific, between less). Science has influence on lives (our, great). Technology makes life easier (our, and, work, modern). Put the words in the following sentences in order, the first word in each sentence is in italics. interconnected, sciences, All, closely, are. provides, Science, of, technology, modern, the, basis. people, the, ages, Through, tools, invented, have, machines, materials, and. influenced, aspects, people's, of, different, Industrial, technology, lives. our, time, Radio, television, and, leisure, changed. Exercise 7. Complete the following sentences in a logical way The word "science" comes from ... Science deals with ... Scientists study... Some scientists search for ... Other researchers solve ... Scientific theories consist of... A theory becomes ... Scientific study can be divided into ... The boundaries between scientific fields have become ... Science provides ... Technology means ... Industrial technology began ... Technology influenced ... Science attempts to explain ... Technology makes ... Exercise 8. Make up special question according to the model, and answer them a)Model: Technology influences all aspects of people's life. What does technology influence? Science provides the basis of modern technology. 2. Technology means the use of people's inventions and discoveries to satisfy their needs. 3. This scientist uses systematic methods of study. 4. He usually tests any theory experimentally. 5. He proves it to be true. b)Model: Scientists can study a wide variety of subjects. What can scientists study? The scientists can examine the structure of the cells of living plan and animals. 2. The scientists can solve different mathematical problems. 3. Scientists can use systematic methods of study. 4. They can make observations. 5. They can develop theories. Exercise 9. Make up questions the answers to which will be words in italics. The words in brackets will help you 1.The word "science" means "knowledge"(what). 2. The scientists can order facts (what). 3. The scientists can unity facts (what). 4. They usually test the theory experimentally (what). 5. Technology influences different aspects of our life (what). Exercise 10. Answer the following questions about science and technology. What is science? What is technology? Are they interconnected? Is all technology based on science? What modern technologies depend heavily on science? When did industrial technology begin? When was a steam engine invented? Who invented the steam engine? When was radio invented? 10. Who invented the radio? 11. When was television invented? 12 Who invented the television? 13. When was a telephone invented? 14. Who invented the telephone? 15. When was the first car invented? 16. When was the first digital computer invented? 17. Who invented the first digital computer? 18.What famous scientists do you know? What famous inventors do you know? What scientific field are you interested in? Why? Exercise 11. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English. 1. Слово "science" происходит от латинского слова "scientia", которое означает "наука". 2. Ученые изучают широкий круг проблем. 3. Некоторые ученые ищут разгадку происхождения Bселенной. 4. Другие изучают строение клетки. 5. Некоторые исследуют причины нашего поведения. 6. Ученые используют систематические методы изучения проблем. 7. Науки могут быть разделены на три главные группы: естественные, общественные, технические науки. 8. Но границы между научными областями становятся все менее и менее четкими. 9. Все науки тесно взаимосвязаны. 10. Наука оказывает огромное влияние на нашу жизнь. 11. Она является основой современной технологии. 12. Сегодня, когда люди говорят о технологии, они имеют ввиду Промышленную технологию. 13. Промышленная технология нашла свое существование около 200 лет назад с появлением парового двигателя, ростом фабрик и массовым производством товаров. 14. Радио и телевидение изменило наш досуг; телефон произвел революцию в общении. 15. Открытия и изобретения ученых помогают нам формировать наши взгляды о себе и о нашем месте во Вселенной. |