Учебнометодическое пособие по аспекту Устная речь для студентов III курса факультета английского языка
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Upbringing a child is not an easy taskUpbringing children is a very difficult and responsible task. One’s life and fate depend on one’s upbringing to a great extent. It’s a fact that happiness and wellbeing of children depend on the degree of love, understanding and approval their parents give them. Parents should be tactful and considerate with their children. They shouldn’t criticize them in public as it humiliates the children and arouses hostility on their part. Parents must take a good look at themselves, as, consciously or unconsciously; children pattern themselves on their parents. If parents have certain traits they don’t want their children to inherit, they should do their best to get rid of them. It is not wise to demand from a child more than he can give. In this case, parents can damage his/her confidence. The child may even develop an inferiority complex. There is a term “difficult” children, such children are at war with themselves, and, consequently, they are at war with the whole world. Unhappy children these are! A difficult child is nearly always made difficult by wrong treatment at home. There must be no fear in children’s life, as only hatred can flourish in the atmosphere of fear. Fear must be eliminated from the life of children the same about corporal punishment while bringing up children, it should not be acceptable. Adolescence is the most dangerous age. Teenagers are gaining a sense of dignity as and they do not bear humiliation. Parents should be especially tactful with their children at this age. Glossary to a great extent – very much considerate, adj - - respectful humiliate, v – to make someone feel ashamed or lose their respect for themselves hostility, n - unfriendliness and not liking or agreeing with something pattern on, v – to copy one’s habits and way of doing something inherit, v – to have the same physical or mental characteristics as one of your parents or grandparents inferiority complex - a feeling that you are not as good, as intelligent, as attractive, etc. as other people consequently, adv.- as a result treatment, n - the way you deal with or behave towards someone or something hatred, n - an extremely strong feeling of dislike flourish, v - to grow or develop successfully adolescence, n - the period of time in a person's life when they are developing into an adult dignity, n - calm, serious and controlled behaviour that makes people respect you Discussion
Comment (agree or disagree, say why) upon the following quotations by famous people:
*Robert Frost (U.S. poet, 1874-1963)
*Nadine Gordimer (South African writer)
*Dorothy Parker (U.S. short-story writer and poet, 1893-1967)
*Juvenal (ancient Roman poet) Tick 5 most important as you think activities when bringing up children, account for your choice and use these hints in a topic of your own:
Unit 4 Sports and healthy way of life Sharing Ideas
Keeping fit and doing sports The modern way of life, when people have little physical activity, use cars instead of walking, watch television for many hours, and work on computers is turning them into legless creatures. Although a lot of people are interested in staying healthy, not many people do very much about it. Only 10 per cent of adults take part in sport more than twice a week. Some people argue that sports are not very useful. It takes a lot of energy and time. A lot of people prefer to watch sports competitions rather than take part in sports. The most popular spectator sports are football, hockey and figure skating. Most of the important competitions are televised, and people enjoy watching sports programmes on TV. But certainly watching sports events and going in for sports are two different things. People nowadays are more health-conscious than they used to be. They understand that good health is above wealth. To be healthy we should avoid different bad habits that can affect our health. Smoking and drinking too much alcohol, are the worst ones. Smoking, for example, causes a number of heart and lung diseases, such as pneumonia and cancer. Besides, it makes your teeth yellow and skin unhealthy. Fortunately, in recent years smoking has received a lot of bad publicity, and fewer people smoke nowadays. Some companies don’t employ people who are smokers. Smoking has been banned in most public places because everyone agrees it does harm to our health. Smoking and drinking are joined by less dangerous habits, such as eating unhealthy food, or even overeating. Of course, they are not quite as deadly as smoking or drinking alcohol, but they also affect our health. One of the best ways to stay healthy and to keep fit is by going in for sports. Among the benefits of regular exercise are a healthier heart, stronger bones, quicker reaction times and more resistance to various illnesses. Besides, you can eat and drink as much as you want because you are burning it all off. To be healthy, it is also very important to spend a lot of time in the open air. It is useful to go for a walk before going to bed, or to air the room. It is very important to be fit and healthy, and it is necessary to take care of your health. Being fat, in fact, can cause real problems. It is harder for fat people to get a good job, or even to make friends. If you want to do well, you must be thin. That’s why we should go in for sports on a regular basis. Sleeping eight or nine hours, getting up early, regular meals, a healthy diet and going in for sports is really a good way to live. The most popular sports in Russia are football and hockey, skating and skiing, tennis and basketball. Among the benefits of regular exercise are a healthier heart, stronger bones, quicker reaction times, and less susceptibility to various illnesses. Scientists believe that if you go in for sport on a regular basis, it could even help you to live longer. Glossary legless, adj – lit. without legs creature, n- any large or small living thing which can move independently, used to refer to a person when an opinion is being expressed about them adult, n - a person that has grown to full size and strength majority, n - the larger number or part of something injuries, n pl - physical harm or damage to someone's body caused by an accident or an attack televised, adj – shown on TV health-conscious, adj – concerned about his/her health essential, adj - necessary; needed jog, v- to run at a slow regular speed, especially as a form of exercise lungs, n. pl - two organs in the chest with which people breathe publicity, n - the activity of making certain that someone or something attracts a lot of interest or attention from many people, or the attention received as a result of this activity deadly, adv – bringing death closer Discussion
Study the following table. Choose one activity which you think is the most harmful and speak on it, proving your point of view:
Comment (agree or disagree, say why) upon the following quotations by famous people:
*Dr. Thomas Fuller (an English churchman and historian)
*Mark Twain (U.S. humorist, writer, and lecturer)
*Adelle Davis (an American pioneer in the fledgling field of nutrition during the mid-20th century)
*Robert Orben (an American magician and professional comedy writer) Unit 5 Nature protection and Global WArming Sharing Ideas
Protection of environment Environmental problems have become exceptionally acute in the modern world, and environmental protection has become a vital necessity for all people. Our planet is in serious danger. One of the most important environmental problems in the world today is the shortage of clean water. Industrial pollution has made many sources of water undrinkable. Rivers, lakes and even seas have become poisonous. Thousands of fish die every year as a result of the illegal dumping of waste in rivers by factories all over the world. Lake Baikal is one of the worlds’ largest and most beautiful lakes. It contains a rich variety of fish and plants, including 1,300 rare species that do not exist anywhere else in the world. However, they are being killed by massive industrial waste, which some factories still pour into the lake every day. A few years ago people thought that the supply of clean water was unlimited. Now clean water is scarce, and we are beginning to respect this precious resource. We must protect the clean water that remains for the sake of our children and grandchildren. Air pollution is another important problem. In hundreds of cities and towns the concentration of harmful substances in the air is over ten times the admissible level. Every day a huge number of plants and factories emit lots of harmful substances into the atmosphere of big cities. The great increase in the use of motor cars in the last quarter of the twentieth century has caused an increase in a new kind of air pollution. Pollution from factories and cars poison the air we breathe, and is the main reason for the greenhouse effect and acid rain. Acid rain can damage life in lakes and rivers and destroy forests. The greenhouse effect may also have disastrous consequences for our planet. It is already affecting several areas of the world with unusual weather causing droughts or heavy storms. The world’s temperature is going up and the climate is changing. Cutting down on emissions from large combustion plants and exhaust fumes from vehicles would help solve the problem. I think we should try and use alternative energy, such as solar energy and wind energy, and design plants and cars that run on electricity, a much cleaner fuel than petrol. One of the most alarming environmental problems is depletion of the ozone layer, which protects the Earth from the dangerous ultraviolet rays of the sun. Because of the ozone holes, the dangerous rays get through the atmosphere, causing skin cancer and other serious diseases. Many scientists think that these ozone holes are the result of air pollution. The most urgent ecological problem today is the environmental safety of nuclear power stations. Nuclear pollution can’t be seen, but its effects can be terrible. We all know how tragic the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster are. Nuclear waste also endangers people’s lives. People all over the world protest against nuclear tests and nuclear weapons. If we do not take any action, the possibility of a global nuclear disaster is very real. Of course, we can’t help mentioning such burning issues as destruction of tropical forests and wildlife, overpopulation, and shortage of natural resources. The list of serious ecological problems could be continued. Today environmental issues are much spoken and written about on TV, radio, and in the newspapers. If people want to survive, they must do their best to solve these problems. Fortunately, it’s not too late to save our planet. We understand that our environment is not just our home town, but the whole earth. The protection of the environment requires the cooperation of all nations. Governments should take measures that will help improve the environment. There are a lot of environmental groups and international organizations, whose main goal is to strengthen cooperation among environmentalists from different countries. The most famous of them is Greenpeace, which combines the people’s efforts for peace with the huge and ever mounting movement for nature conservation. The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is the name of another international organization that appeared in 1961. It has created or given support to National Parks on five continents. |