Английский_МУ_Акулина_Информационные тех. Учебное пособие для развития навыков устной речи на английском языке для студентов факультета информационных технологий и компьютерных систем
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User interfaces, the systems that facilitate communication between people and computers, will resemble human communication. There will be gesture interfaces based on facial-hand recognition systems. ICT devices will be mobile and multimedia: we'll watch mobile TV programmes on our phones, which 'will also access the Internet and work as a mobile office. Computer chips can be injected under the skin RFID, radio-frequency identification tags, might be used to track or identify people or to store information, such as medical data, although there are concerns about privacy and personal safety. In the near future well be able to swim in the immersive Internet, a technology that will change the two-dimensional world of the Internet into a 3-D experience with three-dimensional sound and images and even the sense of touch. By the year 2040 there might be intelligent robots, machines that will be able to think creatively. The processing power of computers may have reached 1.000.000.000 MIPS (millions of instructions per second), the estimated speed of human thought. 1. A computer of this type is a molecular computer that works biochemically. It 'computes' using enzymes that cause chain reactions. 2. In a computer of this type, data is processed by exploiting the strange qualities of quantum physics; the building blocks of computation are not transistors but caged atoms or qbits. 3. It has the potential to revolutionize the way we live, from creating miniaturized 'Star Trek'-like electronic gadgets to delivering medicines to specific places within the human body. 4. The government plans to fund a study examining the feasibility of molecule-sized robotic devices that would position atoms to build complex substances and products. 5. Scientists at an Israeli institute have developed a very small one - so small that a trillion of its kind fit into a test tube.
FUTURE TRENDS 1. By all accounts, nanotechnology - the science of making devices from single atoms and molecules - is going to have a huge impact on both business and our daily lives. Nano devices are measured in nanometers (one billionth of a meter) and are expected to be used in the following areas.
2. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the science of making intelligent machines and programs. The term originated in the 1940s, when Alan Turing said: “A machine has artificial intelligence when there is no discernible difference between the conversation generated by the machine and that of an intelligent person. A typical AI application is robotics. One example is ASIMO, Honda’s intelligent humanoid robot. Soon, engineers will have built different types of android, with the form and capabilities of humans. Another AI application is expert systems – programs containing everything that an ‘expert’ knows about a subject. In a few years, doctors will be using expert systems to diagnose illnesses. 3. Imagine you are about to take a holiday in Europe. You walk out to the garage and talk to your car. Recognizing your voice, the car's doors unlock. On the way to the airport, you stop at an ATM. A camera mounted on the bank machine looks you in the eye, recognizes the pattern of your iris and allows you to withdraw cash from your account. When you enter the airport, a hidden camera compares the digitized image of your face to that of suspected criminals. At the immigration checkpoint, you swipe a card and place your hand on a small metal surface. The geometry of your hand matches the code on the card, and the gate opens. You're on your way. Does it sound futuristic? Well, the future is here. Biometrics uses computer technology to identify people based on physical characteristics such as fingerprints, facial features, voice, iris and retina patterns. 4. Ubiquitous computing, also known as pervasive computing, is a new approach in which computer functions are integrated into everyday life, often in an invisible way. Ubiquitous devices can be anything from smartphones to tiny sensors in homes, offices and cars, connected to networks, which allow information to be accessed anytime and anywhere - in other words, ubiquitously. In the future people will interact naturally with hundreds of these smart devices (objects containing a microchip and memory) every day, each invisibly embedded in our environment and communicating with each other without cables. 5. In the ideal smart home, appliances and electronic devices work in sync to keep the house secure. For example, when a regular alarm system senses that someone is breaking into the house, it usually alerts the alarm company and then the police. A smart home system would go further, turning on the lights in the home and then sending a text message to the owner's phone. Motorola Homesight even sends images captured by wireless cameras to phones and PCs. Smart homes can remember your living patterns, so if you like to listen to some classical music when you come home from work, your house can do that for you automatically. They will also know when the house is empty and make sure all appliances are turned off. All home devices will be interconnected over a home area network where phones, cable services, home cinemas, touch screens, smart mirrors and even the refrigerator will cooperate to make our lives more comfortable.
What trends in ICT do you think will affect our lives in the future?
Какое из данных определений наиболее правильно описывает RFID? A a. a smart technology worn on the user's body so that they can email and access the Web b. a technology that uses radio waves and chip-equipped tags to automatically identify people or things c. a technology that uses microchips and bar codes to track people or things at a distance. В Sarah: OK everyone, today we're looking at RFID tags. Does anyone know what RFID is? Student 1: Isn't it a radio technology? Sarah: Yes, that's right. RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification. It uses microchips, smaller than a grain of sand, to store and transmit data using radio waves. These chips are called radio tags and can be attached to a product, animal, or person for the purpose of identification. Student 2: And how does it work? Sarah: There are two types of radio tag. Passive RFID tags are so called because they have no power supply. They have an antenna that receives energy from a reader device and can only be read at short distances - up to five metres. Active RFID tags, on the other hand, come with a battery that provides internal power and have practical ranges of several hundred metres. Student 3: And what sort of data is stored on the chip? Sarah: Most tags used to track products like clothes or books only contain a unique identification number, similar to a bar code. But the chips being implanted into passports can store data such as name, address, nationality, sex, as well as biometric data like iris patterns or fingerprints. Radio tags can also be attached to animals and everyday items. That means you'll be able to find your dog, glasses or car keys when they're lost. Student 1: I've heard they can be used in humans as well. Sarah: Yes, RFID chips can be inserted under the skin. For example, some nightclubs are using an implantable chip to identify their customers, who then use it to pay for drinks. Some hospitals are implanting chips into patients' arms, so that hospital staff can access their medical records. Another company is working on an implant that will contain a GPS. A device like that would allow us to pinpoint someone's position on the globe. Student 2: It sounds like this technology might chance our lives completely. Sarah: It probably will. But can anyone think of any potential problems with RFID? Student 3: Security risks or privacy concerns? Sarah: Exactly. Consumer organizations say that tags might be used to track people to their homes after they've left the shop. Another risk is from hackers, who might steal another person's identity. But manufacturers say we needn't worry, because the developing encryption systems to protect radio tags from unauthorized scanning, and the tags embedded into humans will be easily removable.
1. RFID stands for a. Radio Frequency Identification b. Radio Frequency Identification Download. 2. Radio tags a. can only be attached to or embedded into products. b. can be attached to or embedded into products, animals and humans. 3. Active RFID tags a. have a communication range of several hundred metres. b. have a communication range of five metres. 4. RFID chips a. will help us track ordinary objects like car keys or books b. won't be able to locate objects when they are lost or stolen 5. Radio tags may be implanted under the skin a. to confirm a patient's identity and cure illnesses b. to give doctors instant access to a patient's medical history. 6. According to consumer organizations, RFID tags a. could be used to track consumers or to steal a person's identity b. are secure and private; there is no need for concern.
HELP box Future forms We use the future simple (will/won't + verb) in the following ways:
Nanobots will be injected into the body's bloodstream to treat diseases.
They hope that people will interact naturally with hundreds of smart devices at a time.
Sure, I'll help you with your homework
She'll be 21 in May. We use be going to + verb in the following ways: • To describe future intentions She's going to write a book about ubiquitous computing. • To make predictions when you have present evidence that something is going to happen By all accounts, nanotechnology is going to have a huge impact on business and our daily lives. We use the future continuous (will be + -ing form of the verb) to talk about actions in progress at a specific time, in the future. In a few years, doctors will be using expert systems to diagnose illnesses. We use the future perfect (will have + past participle) to talk about actions finished at a specific time in the future. Soon, engineers will have built different types of android. А. Раскройте скобки в предложениях, выбрав правильный вариант 1. In the future, I hope we (‘ll have/’re going to have) robots in the home to help us with the housework. 2. Hey, Nick, be careful, you (‘re going to spill/’ll spill) that coffee on the computer! 3. It’s John’s birthday next week. We (‘ll give/’re going the give) him a mobile phone. 4. -My laptop has crashed! - Don’t worry I (‘ll lend/’m going to lend) you mine. 5. The Internet (will probably change/is probably going to change) the publishing industry in the way that TV changed the movie industry. 6. Futurist predict that smart technology (will be/is going to be) incorporated into fabrics, so you’ll be able to email from you coat! В. Выберите правильную грамматическую форму: future continuous or future perfect).
Work/Jobs Example: By the year 2030, human labour in industry will have been replaced by robots. Your prediction: __________________________________________________ Money Example: Cash will be replaced by electronic money. Your prediction: __________________________________________________ Education Example: By the end of this century, every student in every school will have a PC. Your prediction: __________________________________________________ The Internet Example: People in every country will have high-speed access to the Internet within five years. Your prediction: __________________________________________________
How do you think development in IT will affect these areas of life in the next ten years?
The future of Information We are in the midst of convergence. At the hardware layer, computers, phones and consumer electronics are converging. At the applications layer, we see convergence of information, entertainment, communications, shopping, commerce, and education. Computers have come from nowhere 50 years ago and are rapidly catching up in capability with the human brain. We can expect human: machine equivalence by about 2015. But after this, computers will continue to get smarter. There is a noticeable positive feedback loop in technology development, with each generation of improved computers giving us more assistance in the design and I development of the next. Ultimately, they will design their offspring with little or no human involvement. This technology development will push every field of knowledge forwards, not just computing. It will be almost as though extraterrestrials had landed in 2020 and given us all their advanced technology overnight. But we will never get far unless we can solve the interface problem. In the near future we may have electronic pets, with video camera eyes and microphone ears, linked by radio to the family computer. With voice and language recognition we will have easy access to all that the Internet can provide. We can tell the pet what we want and it will sort it out for us. It will be impossible to be technophobic about such an interface, and the only IT skill needed will be to speak any major language. |