Английский_МУ_Акулина_Информационные тех. Учебное пособие для развития навыков устной речи на английском языке для студентов факультета информационных технологий и компьютерных систем
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application software operating system software system softwareThe set of program instructions that tell the computer what to dо is known as (1)........................... . It can be classified into two basic categories:
the basic functions of а computer (e.g. operating systems, programming software, device drivers and utilities).
specific tasks. Typical applications include word processing, databases, educational programs, email and video games.The (4) ...................................... is а set of programs that control the hardware and software resources of а computer system. Typical functions include handling input/ output operations, running programs and organizing files on disks.
1. What kind of OS was used in the early 80’s text-based or graphics-based?2. What is the contribution of Macintosh computers to the development of graphic environments?3. What does the acronym WIMP stand for?4. How do you run а program on а computer with а graphical interface?5. What is multitasking?6. Which multi-user OS is used on large, powerful computers?7. What is the benefit of using open-source software, for example Linux?8. Which Microsoft platform is used for pocket PCs, mobiles and portable media centres?GUI operating system The term user interface refers to the standard procedures that the user follows in order to interact with а computer. In the late 1970’s and early 80’s, the way users accessed computer systems was very complex. They had to memorize and type а 1ot of commands just to see the contents of а disk, to сору files or to respond to а single prompt. In fact, it was only experts who used computers, so there was no need for а user-friendly interface. In 1984, Apple produced the Macintosh, the first computer with а mouse and а graphical user interface (GUI). Macs were designed with one clear aim: to facilitate interaction with the computer. А few years later, Microsoft launched Windows, another operating system based on graphics and intuitive tools. Nowadays, computers аге used by all kinds of people, and as а result there is а growing emphasis on accessibility and user-friendly systems. А GUI makes use of а WIMP environment: windows, icons, menus and pointer. The background of the screen is callеd the desktop, which contains lаbellеd pictures callеd icons. These icons represent files or folders. Double-clicking а folder opens а window which contains programs, documents, or more nested folders. When you аге in а folder, yоu can launch а program or document by double clicking the icon, or yоu can dгаg it to another location. When yоu run а program, your РС opens а window that lets yоu work with different tools. All the programs have а high 1еvе1 of consistency, with similar toolbars, menu bars, buttons and dialog boxes. А modern OS also provides access to networks and allows multitasking, which means yоu can run several programs - and dо various tasks - at the same time. The most popular operating systems are: The Windows family - designed by Microsoft and used on most PCs. The most recent version is Windows Vista. Mаc OS - created by Apple and used on Macintosh computers. Unix - а multi-user system, found on mainframes and workstations in corporate installations. Linux - open-source software dеvеlоpеd under the GNU General Public License. This meansanybody can сору its source соdе, change it and distribute it. It is used in computers, appliances and small devices. Windows Mobile - used on most PDAs and smartphones (PDAs incorporating mobile phones). Раlm OS - used on Раlm handheld devices. R1M - used on BlackBerry communication devices. Developed by Research In Motion. The Symbian OS - used by some phone makers, including Nokia and Siemens. These computer platforms differ in areas such as device installation, network connectivity or compatibility with application software.
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