Методичка по английскому языку. Учебное пособие для студентовмедиков тема Студентмедик о себе the medical student about himself
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Тема 18. Методы обследования в зубоврачебной практикеMETHODS OF DENTAL EXAMINATION OF THE PATIENT Задание 1. Слушайте и запоминайте следующие слова и словосочетания:
Задание 2. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Повторяйте за диктором в паузу: METHODS OF DENTAL EXAMINATION OF THE PATIENT Every dentist must know how to do a perfect and professional check-up. He is responsible for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases of the teeth and mouth. Obtaining all data of examination doctor makes a diagnosis. For making a proper diagnosis the following procedures are used: patient’s questioning, taking a case-history, patient’s examination and additional investigations. Questioning the patient thoroughly the dentist establishes the family history and present complaints. Doctor must know how systemic diseases influence the disorders in the mouth. The dentist should pay attention to the patient’s health status, his systemic disorders including cardiac condition. Dental diseases may also contribute to many health problems. The physical examination of the patient includes: inspection, palpation, percussion and X-ray examination. Carrying on visual examination the dentist observes the patient’s skin colour. He must palpate the lymphatic nodules in the submaxillary region. The examination of the oral cavity includes the inspection of the lips and their colour, the tongue and its mobility, the floor of the mouth, the hard palate, the mucous membrane of the cheeks. Dentist must detect the presence of plaque and tartar, especially in hard-to-see areas. Then doctor proceeds to the examination of the maxillo-dental apparatus for establishing the following:
If the patient complains of bad breath, bleeding of gums during brushing, the feeling that one of the teeth is longer, doctor must suspect the diseases of the gums. In most cases dentists use X-ray examination and laboratory tests to confirm the diagnosis. Today dentists use very precise high-tech ultrasound instruments in their practice. Modern methods of dental care and regular professional cleaning help to protect from dental diseases. The risk of pain is reduced to a minimum. The dentists must instruct their patients that regular preventive examinations, early diagnosis and treatment will save their teeth and fosters overall health. Exercises Задание 1. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста:
Задание 2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующим словам и словосочетаниям: профилактика заболеваний зубов; ставить диагноз; процедура; настоящие жалобы; расстройства ротовой полости; проблемы со здоровьем; пальпация; перкуссия; рентгеновское обследование; визуальное обследование; дно ротовой полости; слизистая оболочка; труднодоступные области; нормальный прикус; кариозные зубы; плохое дыхание (запах изо рта); заболевания десен; лабораторные анализы; современные методы; инструктировать больных; регулярный профилактический осмотр. Задание 3. Составьте общий и специальный вопросы к следующим предложениям. Переведите их на русский язык:
Задание 4. Поставьте следующие предложения в Present Indefinite Passive. Переведите их на русский язык.
Текст на аудирование Задание 1. Слушайте и запоминайте следующие слова и словосочетания:
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание: TEXT Just because your teeth look great doesn’t mean that they are healthy. For your teeth to be healthy, your gums must be healthy as well. Only a professional is able to detect whether or not your teeth and gums are healthy. You have to see your dentist regularly to remove plaque and tartar. Advances of modern dentistry offer absolutely precise cooled instruments for comfortable, painless tooth cleaning and treatment. With new methods, there is no need to be a hero in the dental chair. Beautiful white teeth, great smile now are an important part of modern image not only for «stars», but ordinary people too. Задание 3. Передайте краткое содержание прослушанного текста на русском языке. Задание 4. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста:
Задание 5. Передайте содержание текста на английском языке. ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
Тема 19. Болезни полости рта и их лечение ORAL DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT Задание 1. Слушайте и запоминайте следующие слова и словосочетания:
зубной камень
Задание 2. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Повторяйте за диктором в паузу: PERIODONTAL DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENTPeriodontal diseases are caused by bacterial infections that attack gums, ligaments and the bone structure. Poor oral hygiene, smoking or poor diet, some types of drugs, pregnancy, defective fillings and bridges can increase risk of periodontal diseases. The signs of periodontal diseases are:
There are several kinds of periodontal diseases. Some of them develop slowly and without any pain, while others progress rapidly. These diseases may occur at any age, but for adults they are the main cause of tooth loss. Gingivitis is a mild periodontal disease, which develops when toxins in plaque irritate the gums, making them red, tender, swollen and easy to bleed. Periodontitis is a serious periodontal disease. The gums detach from teeth, and pockets are formed. Exposed teeth roots become susceptible to decay and sensitive to cold and touch. If not treated, the affected teeth become loose in their sockets. They may fall out or require extraction by a dentist. Treatment methods depend on the type of disease and the patient's condition. The first stage usually involves thorough cleaning. Sometimes dentists place antibiotic fibers into periodontal pockets after scaling and planning tooth roots. To restore periodontal health, dentists use different ultrasound instruments to reach areas requiring removal of tartar, which causes chronic infection. Tooth roots are cleaned and smoothed. Sometimes bone surgery is required. Gums are returned back to their usual position or are placed into a new position. Grafts of the patient's bone or artificial bone may be used, as well as membranes. To stabilize loose teeth dentists often use splints. Exercises Задание 1. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста:
Задание 2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующим словам и словосочетаниям: относящийся к периодонту, бактериальная инфекция, десны, костная структура, плохая гигиена полости рта, плохое питание, пломбы и мосты с дефектом, кровотечение, опухший, дурной запах изо рта, дурной привкус, частичные протезы, быстро прогрессировать, в любом возрасте, основная причина, потеря зуба, гингивит, бляшка, раздражать десны, болезненный. Задание 3. Составьте общий и специальный вопросы к следующим предложениям. Переведите их на русский язык:
Текст на аудирование Задание 1. Слушайте и запоминайте следующие слова и словосочетания:
Задание 2. Прослушайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание: DENTAL CARIESDental caries is a widespread disease. Caries is caused by microorganisms and is characterized by demineralization of the mineral part of enamel. When the disease approaches the pulp it may cause inflammation and death of the pulp. The infected pulp causes changes in the periapical tissues. The objective signs of caries are: hard tooth tissues changes in colour and density, and development of defects. Carious process may progress rapidly or slowly due to the general state of the organism. Dental caries is treated by tooth preparation, medication and filling. The pathologic changed tissues are removed surgically. Anatomic form and function of the tooth is restored by filling. The dentists must pay much attention to the fluorine prophylaxis, restriction of sugar intake, a balanced diet, thorough oral hygiene, and cleaning the teeth immediately after meals. Задание 3. Передайте краткое содержание прослушанного текста на русском языке. Задание 4. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста:
Задание 5. Передайте содержание текста на английском языке. DialoguesЗадание 1. Слушайте и запоминайте следующие слова и словосочетания:
Задание 2. Прослушайте диалог: At the Dentist's Dentist: What's wrong, David? Patient: I have a toothache. It's a lower tooth on the right. D.: Is there a cavity? P.: I don't think so. It is sensitive to heat and cold; besides I can t sleep at night. D.: Let me have a look at it. There is a filling here, but I am afraid it has got loose. When did the ache appear? P.: Two weeks ago. D.: You should have come for a checkup long ago. You'd better have it X-rayed. (The dentist has the tooth X-rayed and then examines the picture). D.: I am afraid I'll have to fill the root canal. P.: Is it possible to restore the tooth? D.: Yes, I'll clean the root canal and put a temporary filling because the inflammatory process has spread on the surrounding tissues. You'll come to me again tomorrow. Задание 3. Вставьте пропущенные реплики. Воспроизведите диалог: a) Dentist: Sit down, please. What's wrong? Patient:... D.: Is there a cavity? P.:... D.: Let me have a look at it. When did the ache appear? P.:... D.: You'd better have it X-rayed. b) D.: I'm afraid I'll have to fill the root canal. P.:... D.: Yes, I'll clean the root canal and put a temporary filling. c) P.: Good morning, doctor. D.:... P.: For some days I have been having a pain in my tongue. I fractured one of my teeth. It causes a terrible pain. D.:... Задание 4. Переведите реплики на английский язык. Воспроизведите диалог: Nick: Проходи, Петр. Рад тебя видеть. С тобой что-то случилось? Ты очень бледен. Peter: I haven't had an accident, but I have had a dreadful time. N.: Ты болен? P.: I have just come from the dental surgery. N.: У тебя болит зуб? P.: I woke up in the night with violent toothache. In the morning I rang up the dentist. I saw him in the afternoon and he gave me a temporary filling. But the tooth has been aching. It hurts dreadfully. N.: He лучше ли его удалить? P.: Yes, perhaps, but the dentist says that it is the last alternative in the treatment. ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
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