Блох. артикль. Учебное пособие научный редактор М. Я. Блох Москва стелла 1993 удк 820815. 6 Предисловие рецензенты
 Скачать 356.33 Kb.
|
|
Exercise 86. Pay attention to the absence of the article in prepositional phrases. 1. He could have painted from dawn to dawn. 2. And he was face to face with the unbelievable. 3. He wants suppressing from time to time. 4. The number of these sounds will vary in interesting ways from language to language. 5. I see it all now! You argued it out, step by step, in that wise head of yours, from the very moment I fell and cut my skin. 6. He was dressed in blue overalls and a sleeveless jersey which showed his thin arms tattooed from elbow to wrist. 7. He was blinded for the moment, then spun round and found himself face to face with Maisil. 8. You sit here day after day and watch the sun rise. Exercise 87. Comment on the use of articles with substantivized parts of speech. 1. "Let me tell you about this pheasant-shooting business," he said. "First of all, it is practiced only by the rich. Only the very rich can afford to rear pheasants just for the fun of shooting them down when they grow up." 2. The ancient proverb runs: "Say the pleasant, but not the untrue; say the true, but not the unpleasant."
56 Exercise 88. Use the proper article with substantivized adjectives. 1. I'm young and young are often mistaken. 2. "Yes, sir - of course, " agreed Victor, who was always polite to rich. 3. He said my eyes were most vivid blue he had ever seen. 4. He wanted to show his sympathy, but being Englishman was afraid of sentimental. 5. His hair was glossy black. 6. I thought I saw woman disappearing into bushes. Just gleam of white, you know. 7. I have trusting heart. I hate to believe worst of anyone. 8. She was quite pleased to be able to underline that Handy was in wrong. 9. "Let me go!" said Miss Carter suddenly. "I can see in dark. I know where roses are. Let me cut some for Mrs. Мог." 10. She had her mother's eyes, gleaming blue. Nan's hair was dark blond. 11. To be yearning for difficult, to care for remote, to dislike near - such was Wildieve's nature. 12. Sky was rich darkening blue at the zenith. 13. After two day's rain green of oak was glossy and shining. 14. "You are not frightened, are you?" "Not in least," she said lightly. "Why should 1 be?" 15. He always had love for concrete, though his whole profes sional life was spent with words. 16. Elderly woman, short and fat, dressed in black, came hurrying after them. 17. He could only speculate about past - pleasant way of spending present to avoid thoughts about future. 18. Sun turned yellow plaster walls into soft gold. 19. His eyes had been bright china blue, but were fading now. 20. He showed the triumph of very old, when they hear of death of younger man. 21. Her cheerfulness and vitality made her favourite with her parents. 22. She was dear and had always been nice to him. Exercise 89. Use the proper article paying special attention to substantivized parts of speech. 1. Rich always had the most fun during the war. 2. It would be better to be in the study hall than out in cold. 3. It was always your ambition to be a nurse and help sick ever since you were a little child, wasn't it? 4. I knew the sky outside was definitely bright clear blue. 5. It was a nice day. The sun was shining. The sky was full of racing white clouds, and blue seemed to dazzle and promise. 6. There are times when weak can help strong. 7. It still felt like doing impossible. 8. "The doctor sees good in everyone," said the mother. 9. It was in Cape Town that Janny became aware of the enormous schism between blacks and whites. 10. Now, the only way black could exist was by slim, subservient on the surface but cun ning and clever beneath. 11. Their hair had turned bright red. 12. There were no doctor or medications for wounded, and food scarce. 13. And he was face to face with unbelievable. 14. This had seemed in anticipation like a dive into unknown, indeed into irrevocable. 15. Noah was a dry old man aged about ninety. Benjamin was quite a young man by the side of Noah. He was only 57 seventy years old; a happy, kind-hearted old fellow who knew all sorts of amusing things for young and old. Exercise 90. Comment on the use of articles with numerals. 1. My father threw a second raisin into the clearing... then a third... and a fourth... and a fifth. 2. "I speak for the syndicate, I see no reason for a third party." - "You will in a minute." 3. "Good enough," said Dick, looking round the large room that took up a third of a top story in the rickety chambers overlooking the Thames. 4. ...I have found a second shop in the village, a sort of ironmonger's, in the row of cottages behind the pub. 5. Some time just after my "Bad Patch" we met at a first night party. 6. Two (girls) were indeed young, about eleven and ten. The third was perhaps seventeen. 7. June walked straight up to her former friend, kissed her cheek, and the two settled down on a sofa never sat on since the hotel's foundation. 8. The letter bored him, and when it was followed the next day by another, and the day after by a third, he began to worry. 9. "Miss Luce will be a second mother to the children," she said. 10. I have never mentioned her to him though I may once have dropped a hint about a "first love". 11. At the bus stop two dark-haired women, arm in arm, complained loudly to each other about a third. Exercise 91. Comment on the use of articles with nouns denoting names of nationalities and nations. 1. The English can't stand a man who is always saying he is in the right, but they are very fond of a man who admits that he has ever been in the wrong. 2. There were four tables there, his own, one from which breakfast was being cleared away and two occupied ones. At the nearest to him sat a family of father and mother and two elderly daughters - Germans. Beyond them, at the corner of the terrace, sat what were clearly an English mother and son. 3. The woman was about fifty-five. She had grey hair of a pretty tone-was sensibly but not fashionably dressed in a tweed coat and skirt - and had that comfortable self-possession which marks an Englishwoman used to much travelling abroad. 4. Biologically it may be found that there are few differences between an African Negro and a white Scandinavian. 5. "They are Danes," said Murphy. "I heard at breakfast. I must visit Denmark some day." 6. Although he had not spoken, I was positive he was not an American. 7. The British had expected a quick and easy war, no more than a moth pin-up opera tion, and they began with a continent, light-hearted holiday spirit. 8. The cook, a Chinese, in white trousers, very dirty and ragged, and a thin white tunic, came to say that supper was ready. 9. The man came along and passed us. He was an Iraqui. 10. She wasn't a Swede, like her husband, but she might have been as far as looks 58 went. 11. Whatever else you could say of Налу, he didn't fit the cliché about the Swiss being excessively cautious. REVISION EXERCISES Exercise 92. Use the proper article. I. There was sound in hall. "Here's Felicity," said Мог. Felicity shut front door behind her and put her suitcase down at her feet. Her parents stood looking at her from door of dining-room. "Welcome home, dear," said Nan. "Hello," said Felicity. She was fourteen, very thin and straight, and tall for her age. Skin of her face was very white but covered over in summer with thick scattering of golden freckles. She had her mother's eyes, gleaming blue, but filled with hazier and more dreamy light. Nan's hair was dark blond, Felicity's was fairer and straighter. In looks girl had none of her father. II. Felicity took off her hat and threw it in direction of hall table. It fell on floor. Nan came forward, picking up hat, and kissed her on brow. "Hello, old thing," said Мог. Не shook her by shoul der. "Hello, Daddy, "said Felicity. "Is Don here?" "He isn't, dear. But he'll come tomorrow," said Nan. "Would you like me to make you lunch, or have you had some?" "I don't want anything to eat," said Felicity. She picked up her suitcase. "Don't bother, Daddy, I'll carry it up." She began to mount stairs. Her parents watched her in silence. Moment later they heard her bedroom door shut with bang. Exercise 93. Use the proper article. He still had at fifty-two very good figure. As young man with great mass of curling chestnut hair, with wonderful skin and large deep blue eyes, straight nose and small ears, he had been best-looking actor on English stage. Only thing that slightly spoiled him was thinness of his mouth. He was just six foot tall and he had gallant bearing. It was his obvious beauty that had engaged him to go on stage rather than to become soldier like his father. Now his chestnut hair was very grey, and he wore it much shorter; his face had broadened and was good deal lined; his skin no longer had soft bloom of peach. But with his splendid eyes and his fine figure he was still very handsome man. Since his five years at war he had adopted military bearing so that if you had not known who he was you might have taken him for officer of high rank. He boasted that his weight had not changed since he was twenty, and for years, wet 59 or fine, he had got up every morning at eight to put on shorts and sweater and have run round Regent's Park. Exercise 94. H Use the proper article. It was bright spring day when ambulance brought Jan home. When they lifted her out strip of sky above narrow street seemed like no other strip of sky in world; afternoon light reflected from white wall of flats was light that had irradiated dream which she had often dreamed but doubted whether it would ever come true... When Doreen opened door to their bed-sitter, her heart was swollen with poignancy of coming home. Air of flat was heavy and stale as it had always been but she breathed it with satisfaction. Everything was familiar to her, even smells were familiar. Ambulance men put her on her bed, wished her luck and went. This was moment of which she had dreamed so often - moment for which she had longed with agonized, incessant longing of pris oner who seeks to escape, from his cell. She was home and free, and today hyacinth Bart had brought her had broken first of its green sheaths revealing promise of bud within. Exercise 95. Use the proper article.
"I wonder," I said, "If you could tell me where I could stay night?" ' V. Great bush of veronica was in bloom in garden, porch was smothered in geraniums, Canterbury bells stood beneath windows, and paths were lined with London pride. VI. "Weil," said woman, "I've got nothing for dinner, sir, but eggs and cream, because we have no shops, and everything is brought from Gerrans in motor-car." I told her that eggs and cream were only things I would dream of eating in St. Anthony in Roseland. Exercise 96. H Use the proper article. Pay attention to its place. 1. How good thing it was that he had made his decision. 2. I've got as great respect for him as anyone in college. 3. He wondered how long time had passed. He could not judge. 4. Then he found out that he could not stay in bed. He was in too great agony. 5. He was as much master of tactics as Brown and Christal. 6. I hope this isn't too great disappointment to you, May. 7. "It would make ev eryone realize how great choice it was," said Roy. 8. It was unlikely that so large family would all go bankrupt 9. That was too easy way out. 10. Was he not simply criminal to contemplate union with so young girl? 11. It struck me how inexplicable thing was bravery. 12. But he was too cautious, too shrewd, too suspicious and too stubborn man to be pleased about it. 13. It ought to establish him in as strong position as we've reached so far. 14. To music she now gave all hours she could spare. 15. She closed both shutters. 16. It seemed to him amazing that such small woman should own such large car. 17. Many people said they wished they had my hair. 18. She was surprised to discover that she could be made so furiously angry by so small thing. 19. His memory was good and for so young man he had read largely. 20. He had given his guests as good time as he could. 21. Red-haired Robert read aloud fable of Fox and piece of cheese and Hilary wished, to boys' delight, that he could speak French with so pure accent. 22. You've not been as big fool as myself. Exercise 97. Use the proper article. I. He arrived there day before Christmas, day after his son was born. Lisa was lying in big, double bed, very white and very weak. It had been surprisingly difficult birth, said Jeanne, who was there looking after her, but then Lisa was so small. Doctor had wanted her to go to hospital, but she had refused in case Hilary should come. And now he had come and was sitting beside bed holding her hand, while large mean tears rolled slowly down her cheek. "You must go," Jeanne had urged. "Germans will be here. You must go while there's still time," and Hilary had cried desperately that they must wrap Lisa in blanket, find car, get her out to England, and safety. II. Michael slammed down telephone. Be reasonable, he thought, maybe they are out taking walk along beach and in ten minutes they'll come back and she'll pick up phone and call and ask him how it was and if he wouldn't like to come out and in time for dinner. 60 61 He went into small room that she used as studio. Piece of paper with half-finished design in water colours was pinned to drawing- board. He went back into neat, bright living-room... He had small desk in corner of room where he went over reports he brought back in evening and where he wrote his letters and kept his chequebooks. On it there was photograph of her - it was in colour and had been taken on lawn of her parents' house on bright simmer day. She was sitting on garden chair, book on her lap, her hands folded loosely over it... She was wearing pale blue blouse with short sleeves and long blue skirt and her arms were tanned and rounded, her face rose, her expression serious, almost questioning. Exercise 98. Comment on the use of articles with personal names. 1. The Smollets accompanied the Edge worths as far as their gates. 2. The Elliots paid a few visits together in England. 3. "Born an Elliot - born a gentleman." So the vile phrase ran. 4. He sud denly recognized the Mrs. Foliot whom they had been talking of at lunch. 5. Well, she was married to him. And what was more she loved him. Not the Stanley whom every one saw, not the everyday one; but a timid, sensitive, innocent Stanley who knelt down every night to say his prayers, and who longed to be good. 6. Perhaps, Jan thought, it all seems lovelier than it has ever seemed because I've seen a new Bart today, a Bart whose tenderness had quenched his passion. 7.-Where does the boy live? - At a certain Mrs. Orr's who has no connection with the school of any kind. 8. During her absence the house was occupied by a Miss Katti Bostock, another painter. 9. Besides Rain, Nan and Mrs. Prewett, there was a Mrs Kingsley, the wife of one of the Governors. 10. Then she said, "Can't we see the great Mr. Ansell?" 11. And so he is engaged to Mr. Ackroyd's niece, the charming Miss Flora? 12. But he could think of no classical parallel for Agness. She slipped between exam ples. A kindly Medea, a Cleopatra with a sense of duty-these suggested her a little. 13. He added, "I feel rather like a Rip Van Winkle, saying that" 14. The man doesn't know a Rubens from a Rembrandt. 15. The book was Shelley, and it opened at a passage that he had cherished greatly two years before. He put the Shelley back into his pocket and waited for them. 16. There was a man in the back yard of the next house doing something to one of the front wheels of an old Ford. Exercise 99. Use the proper article with personal names. 1. Browns were a fighting family. 2. Tom was the oldest child and even as a little baby he showed all the character of true Brown. 3. Bard Rogers was a good manager, but he was not Blackwell. 4. The last person to see her had been Agnes Dangerfield, who had 62 seen her walking down Market Street 5. He added that he was ex pecting Mr. Lowen on business. 6. A few minutes later another member entered the club, Mr. Graham Beresford. 7. The Lieutenant phoned downtown and then made arrangements with Captain Mooney. 8. "I think I have heard the name, yes," he said vaguely. "I once heard Mr. Van Aldin speak of him in very high terms." 9. First of all we must realize that Louise Leidner of all these years ago is essentially the same Louise Leidner of the present time, 10. I came out to Iraq with Mrs. Kelsey. 11. "The house is really sold, then?"-"Yes. To Major Somervell. Our new member." 12. Ramos hung up the phone, lit Benson and Hedges; he had never been able to stand Philippine tobacco. GENERAL REVISION Exercise 100. Use the proper article, I. Oliver Cromwell is one of most important figures in English history. Cromwell was born at Huntington in year 1599, and it was on large farm that he grew up. When he was 17 years of age he entered University of Cam bridge. But he remained less than year at Cambridge. When his fa ther died he had to return to Huntington to look after farm. Soon after he went to London for while to study law, and whilst there he married daughter of Sir James Boucheir, rich London merchant. Estate, really large farm, to which Cromwell and his wife re turned, supplied most of their needs. It was healthy, open-air life which Cromwell lived for next 20 years. He worked in the fields, with his farm servants, but he also took lovely interest in affairs of countryside, and in 1628 he was elected Member of Parliament for Huntington. This was beginning of career which was to end as Lord Protec tor of England. П. Once he was sure of his hold over England William the Conqueror ordered building of great fortress-palace beside Thames, where wooden castle already stood. He put Norman monk, Gundulf, who was Bishop of Rochester, in charge of work. At that time most building in stone was for Church and it was mainly clergy who had education to plan and carry great undertaking like this. Exercise 101. Use the proper article. The Telephone. Alexander Graham Bell never planned to be inventor; he wanted to be musician or teacher of deaf people. Alexander's mother was painter and musician. His father was well-known teacher. He devel oped system that he called "Visible Speech", which he used to teach deaf people to speak. 63 In 1863, when Alexander was only sixteen, he became teacher in boys' school in Scotland He liked teaching there; but he still wanted to become teacher of deaf people. In 1868 terrible thing happened to Bell family. Alexander's two brothers died of tuberculosis. Then Alexander became ill with the same disease. Doctor suggested better climate, and whole family moved to Canada. Alexander could not work for year, but he con tinued his experiments with sound. He became interested in tele graph, and he tried to find way to send musical sounds through electric wires. After year of rest, Alexander was offered job at School for the Deaf in Boston. He was so successful that be was able to open his own school when he was only twenty-five. Alexander became interested in finding way to send the human voice through electric wire. He found assistant, Tom Watson, who worked in electrical shop and knew a lot about building electric ma chines. They worked together to build machine that people could use to talk to one another over long distances. One day, when Tom was alone in room, he heard voice. Voice was coming through wire to receiver on table! Voice was Alexander Bell's! It was saying, "Come here, Mr. Watson! I want you!" First permanent telephone line was built in Germany in 1877. And in 1878 first telephone exchange was established in New Jersey. By 1915 coast-coast telephone fine was opened in United States, Exercise 162. Use the proper article. I She led him to small room, few doors down hall in which were typewriter and hard office chair. There was large clock on wall. Room had no windows. Across ceiling was glaring fluorescent light which made bare white plaster walls look yellow. Secretary walked out without word, shutting door silently behind her. II. Samuel Sunbury was clerk in lawyer's office and had worked his way from office boy to respectable position. Every morning for twenty-four years he had taken same train to City, except of course on Sundays and during his fortnight's holiday at sea-side, and every evening he had taken same train back to suburb in which he lived. He was neat in his dress, he went to work in quiet grey trousers, black coat and bowler hat, and when he came home he put on his slippers and black coat which was too old and shiny to wear at of fice. III. Weeks dragged on. Days grew hotter. There was no call from Health Department. Jan asked Nurse Duggin every day whether doctor had sent any word. Each night she asked whether there was letter from him. There was never anything. Exercise 103. Use the proper article, I. In order to celebrate Mother's first entry into sea we decided 64 to have moonlight picnic down at bay, and sent invitation to Theodore, who was only stranger that Mother would tolerate on such great occasion. Day for great immersion arrived, food and wine were prepared, boat was cleaned out and filled with cushions, and everything was ready when Theodore turned up. On hearing that we had planned moonlight picnic and swim he reminded us that on that particular night there was no moon. Everyone blamed everyone else for not having checked on moon's progress, and argument went on until dusk. Eventually we decided that we would go on picnic in spite of everything, since all arrangements were made, so we stag gered down to boat, loaded down with food, wine, towels, and cigarettes, and set off down coast. II. Jane opened door gently, balancing tray with her free hand. "You up, Miss Maryann? she asked softly. There was no answer from large bed. She stepped quietly into room and put tray down on small table. Without looking at bed, she went to window and drew back drapes. Bright sunlight spilled into room. She stood there for moment look ing through window. Far below she could see East River as it wound its way toward Hudson. Flashing green of Square Park contrasted with grey of buildings surrounding it She watched long black automobile turn up driveway and looked down at watch. Eight o'clock. She turned back into room. Exercise 104. Use the proper article. I, Bart rang night-bell at stately old colonial house where Jan's doctor lived, but there was no response. Then he went round back, but windows were closed and it seemed that house was deserted. He came back and stood irresolute on steps leading down to street. Then he turned and pressed his finger on bell again, and long-drawn ring echoed through silent house. Somewhere he heard movements and then there were footsteps on stairs. When door was opened, woman looked out at him. "Doctor's away," she said. "He always goes away for weekends, but there's lady doctor just around corner that does his locums if you like to go round and try her." (Cusack) II. Towards end of May he was walking up Oakley Street about five in evening when he suddenly saw crowd of people gathered round man lying on pavement. In gutter alongside was shattered bi cycle and, almost on top of it, drunkenly arrested motor lorry. Five seconds later Andrew was in middle of crowd, observing injured man, who, attended by kneeling policeman, was bleeding from deep wound in groin. "Here! Let me through. I'm -doctor." Policeman, striving unsuccessfully to fix tourniquet, turned flus tered face. "I can't stop bleeding, doctor. It's too high up." (Cronin) Exercise 105. Use the proper article. I. He was young man of five-and-twenty, well built and of pale complexion. He had hair that was very nearly black and clean-shaven face. Clothes he wore were of expensive material but had seen good deal of service. His stand-up collar curled over at corners and neck tie was lilac-sprigged. # < • Of two sisters, Dors, aged twenty, was more like him in visage, but she spoke with gentleness which seemed to indicate different character. Maud, who was twenty-two, had bold handsome features and very beautiful hair; hers was not face that readily smiled. Their mother had look and manners of invalid, though she sat at table in ordinary way. . .. II. That autumn snow came very late. We lived in brown wooden house in pine trees on side of mountain and at night there was frost so that there was thin ice over water in two pitchers on dresser in morning. Mrs. Guttingen came into room early in morn ing to shut windows and started fire in stove. Pine wood crackled and sparked and then fire roared in stove. And second time Mrs. Guttingen came into room, she brought big chunks of wood for fire and pitcher of hot water. When room was warm she brought in breakfast. Exercise 106. Use the proper article. I. In late summer of that year we lived in house in village that looked across river and plain to mountains. In bed of river there were pebbles and boulders, dry and white in sun, and water was clear and swiftly moving and blue in channels. Troops went by house and down road and dust they raised powdered leaves of trees. Trunks of trees too were dusty and leaves fell early that year and we saw troops marching along road and dust rising and leaves, stirred by breeze, falling and solders marching and afterward road bare and white except for leaves. II. He went upstairs. First thing he saw was his old mandolin in black leather case, lying on top of bureau where Betsy had put it after unpacking it. He stood looking at it for moment, then drew in strument from its case. It was covered with dust, and strings were rusty and slack. Slowly he tightened one of strings, strumming it gently with his thumb. It snapped suddenly. Tom shrugged, put mandolin back in case, and glanced around room. On one corner was built-in bookcase, with wide empty shelf at its top. He reached up and put mandolin there. Then he walked quickly to bathroom. There was dust in bottom of bathtub. Impatiently he washed it out and let tub fill while he shaved, bending almost double to see himself in mirror. 66 Exercise 107. Usethe proper article. I. Bedroom furniture was oak too, heavy and dark: double bed, long dresser, vanity table with oval mirror and bench upholstered in gold velvet. Bedspread was gold velvet too, and lone curtains at win dows. Pair of low chests flanked bed, lamp with gold shade on each, and on the one at the right stood photograph, eight-by-ten black-and- white print framed in ornate gold frame. II. But next morning when the dawn crept over tranquil sea, opening in the reef which had eluded them night before was seen a little to east where they lay. Schooner entered lagoon. There was not ripple on surface of water. When he had anchored his ship skipper ate his breakfast and went on deck. The sun shone from unclouded sky but in early morning air was grateful and cool. It was Sunday and there was feeling of quietness, a silence as though nature were at rest, which gave him peculiar sense of comfort. He sat, looking at wooden coast, and felt lazy and well at ease. Presently slow smile moved his lips and he threw stump of his cigar into water. III. Bateman took glance at him. Edward was dressed in suit of shabby white ducks, none too clean, and large straw hat of native make. He was thinner than he had been, deeply burnt by sun, and he was certainly better looking than ever. They arrived at hotel and sat on terrace. Chinese boy brought them cocktails. Edward was almost anxious to hear all news of Chicago and bombarded his friend with eager questions. Exercise 108. Use the proper article. I. He was queer creature and he had had singular career. At age of twenty-one he had inherited considerable fortune, hundred thou sand pounds, and when he left Oxford he threw himself into gay life which in those days (now Mr. Warburton was man of four and fifty) offered to the young man of good family. He had his flat in Mount Street. He went to all places where the fashionable congre gate. He was handsome, amusing and generous. He was figure in society, that had not lost its exclusiveness nor its brilliance. (Maugham) II. We had been driven by bad weather to take shelter and had spent couple of days at island on way. Trebucket is low island, per haps mile round covered with coconuts, just raised above level of sea and surrounded only on one side. There is no opening in reef and lugger had to anchor mile from shore. We got into dinghy with the provision. I saw little hut, sheltered by trees» in which German Harry lived, and as we approached he sauntered down slowly to water's edge. We shouted greeting, but he did not answer. He was man over seventy, very bald, hatched-faced, with grey beard, and he walked with roll so that you could never have taken him for any thing but sea-faring man. (Maugham) 67 |