английский для гуманитариев. Учебное пособие
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III Read the article and find the answers to these questions as quickly as you can. 1. Is information technology more or less important in education than before? 2. Where does the word “blog” come from? 3. What is “blog”? 4. What are blogs used for at universities? 5. What does “WIKI” mean? 6. Who puts the information on this kind of website? 7. Why do students need to be careful if they use “Wikis” when they study? The Internet and Education. Until quite recently Silicon Valley and its innovations had little effect on teaching and learning. But with the rise of the Internet, information technology is now beginning to have much more influence on education. Two areas which are becoming more and more significant are “blogs” and “wikis”. The word “blog” is short for “weblog”. A blog is an online diary or “log” of someone’s life, thoughts, or opinions. Anybody can create their own “blog” and blogging is becoming extremely popular – type “blog” into Google and you’ll get over 500 million results. For educational purposes, academics, teachers and students create blogs as personal online study sites: places to work together and share information and ideas. Some universities even give their students and stuff free space on a server to start their own blogs. “Wikis” are websites where anyone can add content and make changes, so that the site becomes a group creation – “wiki” stands for “What I Know Is”. These sites can be a valuable source of information and opinion for students, though the information may not be totally accurate – some academics refuse to use them. Perhaps the best-known wiki is the online encyclopedia, Wikipedia, which has more than one million entries in over 100 languages. Wikipedia is working hard to make sure that its information is completely accurate, so students will be able to use it with confidence, and there’s no doubt that it is an incredible resource. IV Read the text and say who this information was written for? Is this information true? Five Facts about Russian Education System of education in Russia has long-time and strong traditions. Even after signing the Bologna declaration there are still a lot of differences and preferences that other countries don’t have. Here are five interesting Russian education facts. Free Higher Education Opportunity Higher education in Russian State universities can be free of charge. The opportunity to study on the state-funded spots is available to international students, who can apply for an educational scholarship. Russian and foreign students are equal in rights to get study for free, one should pass exams. The competition for state-funded places is always high, so not everyone manages to be admitted. In this case, the applicants can study under contract. Reasonable Tuition Fee Even under a contract, study in Russia is cheaper than in Europe. Obtaining a Bachelor’s degree in Russia costs RUB 120-140 thousand a year on average (2100-2400 dollars); study under Specialist’s degree programs costs RUB 150-170 thousand a year (2600-3000 dollars); obtaining a Master’s degree costs RUB 160-180 thousand a year (2700-3000 dollars); postgraduate study costs RUB 200-220 thousand a year (3440-3800 dollars). In addition, many universities provide foreign students with a university residence, so the accommodation fee is usually much lower than the cost of renting an apartment, and, in general, life in Russia is cheaper than in Europe. European Education System Until 2003, when Russia joined the Bologna process, students in Russia studied in universities for 5 or 6 years, such system was called a specialty and was typical particularly for Russia. Now the most of Russian universities work under the Bologna system adopted in Europe and consisting of two levels – Bachelor’s degree, which lasts 4 years, and two years of Master’s degree. However, there are still fields of study where education is provided under Specialist programs — medical and technical areas. Personalized Teaching and Individual Training Approach The Russian education is more personified than the European, for example. Lectors pay more attention to each student, it is always possible to get advice or ask teacher a question. The curator helps writing the thesis, explains everything in detail. During study in Russia you will have a lot of practical work. University professors will check your knowledge level not only at examinations, but also throughout all educational process. Study in Russia May Be Not Only in Russian Usually, education in Russia is provided in Russian, but many universities have English language programs. This is relevant for foreign students going to study in Russia, but who do not know the Russian language at a sufficient level. Also, you can study Russian for the period of 1-2 years. It is possible with Preparative Department Courses, which are conducted by all leading universities. V Read the article about very interesting facts in the sphere of education and teaching methods in different countries. Try to remember some of them and give your reaction. Amazing facts about education Australia. Paradoxically, this is a big country with a small population (which is even lower than in Canada). There are many remote areas where is hardly any school. Because of a long haul to the nearest school, children “attend” classes at home, listening to the radio. There are even some special broadcasts for such learners. India. Because of overpopulation, it was decided to save some territories by establishing extremely big schools. That’s why the biggest school in the World is located in India. This is the City Montessori School with 32,000 students studying in. China. Because of studying, Chinese children do not have enough time to play. Students in this country have the biggest amount of homework assignments. Furthermore, as a rule, children live in their schools and come back home only for weekends. Students in France have the shortest school year and the longest school day. Children in Canada are taught both in English and French. This is a real bilingual country. Brazil. Having a lunch with family is so important in this country that children have to start a school day at 7 o’clock! So after their classes are over, they can come back home and have a lunch with their families. Nevertheless, they still have a lot of time to sleep before the next early morning wake up. Children in the Netherlands have to start learning as soon as they reach school age (four years old). Quite early, right? But there is a juicy fact about this – there is always someone new in the class. Italy. There’s the smallest school in the World, with only one student studying in. This school is located in Torino. Bangladesh. This is the only country where you can see boat schools. There’s a big flooding problem and such schools suggest a solution. Those boats have everything important inside, including even internet and library. Iceland is the country with very severe climate. Maybe that’s why all of the citizens must know how to knit a warm sweater. So if you study in Icelandic school, you will probably see in your schedule a subject called knitting. Japan. School year in this country begins in April and nobody can explain why it is so. Japanese children are happy as they have at least normal summer vacations, what is significantly important. Chile. This country divided an academic year in a very unordinary way. Summer vacations are held there from the middle of December till March. For reference, in the Southern Hemisphere summer comes in winter, so their academic year is divided in absolutely logical order. Yes, this looks a little bit confusing. All traditions are unique and sometimes even shocking. But others may think the same about our traditions and characteristic traits. The only thing we know for sure is that all traditions are like habits and people in those countries can hardly imagine their living without them. Of course, there are much more interesting facts about education, and we will try to collect all of them for you next time. VI Read the text below and look carefully at each sentence. If it is correct, put + after it. If it has a wrong word which should not be there, write the word at the end of the sentence. Students Life in Australia! 1. Would you like to get some international work and experience? and 2. Would you like to study somewhere new and different. ___ 3. If the answer to either these questions is “yes”, then maybe you should come to Australia! ___ 4. That’s what I did too and I have no regrets. ___ 5. Come and do a course here, and you can only work at the same time. ___ 6. International students can have work up to 20 hours a week during the term time, and can work full-time during holidays. ___ 7. You can also apply for a work permit after you have arrived in Australia and started your course. ___ 8. It really is a great opportunity! ___ 9. Today’s career market is being tough. ___ 10. When you are applying for a job, toy will have the advantage over on other applicants if you have worked in Australia. ___ 11. Even so if your job is not directly relevant to your own studies, it will help you develop your personal and communication skills. ___ 12. Also, if you are not a native English speaker, it is an ideal chance to be brush up your English language skills. ___ 13. So, if you’re looking for somewhere that to do a course, check out Australia! ___ VII Read the text below. Match the headings (1-7) with the paragraphs (а-f). There is one heading that you don’t need. The Erasmus Programme. 1. Who is the programme for? 2. How did the programme get its name? 3. How popular is the programme? 4. Who thought of the programme? 5. What is the programme? 6. What are the advantages? 7. How much does it cost? a. The Erasmus Programme is an exchange programme which gives students the chance to work or study in a different country while they are still at university. It was set up by the European Union. You can stay for anything between three months and academic year. b. The scheme takes its name from the Dutch philosopher, Erasmus, whose full name was Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam. Erasmus was very open-minded. He lived and worked in many countries around the world in order to learn more about different cultures. c. Since it started in 1987, “Erasmus” has grown dramatically. The first year, 3,244 students took part. Nowadays, around 200,000 students from 31 different countries participate each year. d. Are you studying for a diploma or a degree at a recognized university? Have you already completed the first year of your course? Then you’re eligible for a place on Erasmus. e. Erasmus is a time for learning. You will gain an understanding host country and be part of an international community of students. Having Erasmus on your CV can offer you many opportunities, as employers see it as a positive educational experience. f. Erasmus is no more expensive than studying in your own country because you do not have to pay extra tuition fees to the university that you visit. For the additional expense of living abroad, you can apply for an Erasmus grant or scholarship.
VIII Complete the gaps (a-f) with the suitable phrases (1-7). Language and mobility. European Union citizens have the right to live and work in other member states besides their home country. The European Union (EU) makes it possible for people to go where the jobs are. Knowing other languages is the key to real mobility in the EU, a. ___________________ across the continent. Learning local languages is not only the key to getting a job in another country, b. ___________________ . This often provides a whole new perspective on what it is to be European and on what the EU is creating jointly. The national histories and cultural heritage of the different countries may differ, c. __________________. Being able to speak to one another raises awareness of what people have in common and at the same time increases mutual respect for cultural differences. A study undertaken for the European Commission shows d. ______________ through a lack of language skills. This is particularly the case for small and medium-sized enterprises e. ___________________. According to the study, nearly 1 million firms have lost contracts with potential clients in other EU countries because of language barriers. The study also emphasizes the necessity of multilingualism for winning business in world markets. Multilingualism itself is an economic growth sector. In this context, English is the key language, f. _________________. 1. It also creates a bridge to the culture of the local people 2. that EU firms can lose business opportunities 3. but the EU’s collective objectives for the future are closely in tune 4. that are failing to use export opportunities in other EU countries 5. employing native speakers to work in export markets worldwide 6. but the study also stresses the importance of Chinese, Arabic and Russian 7. enabling all EU citizens to take advantage of job and travel opportunities IX Read the information and decide True or False: Harvard University was founded in 1639? What part of the Text (1, 2, 3 or 4) contains the information: Many of the former students became the churchmen? Chose the right answer (a, b or c) to the question: What was the purpose of education in Harvard? a. deep knowledge b. truth c. to prepare students to become priests Harvard. 1. In 1893, Baedeker's guidebook called Harvard "the oldest, richest, and most famous of American seats of learning." Harvard was founded in 1636 in Massachusetts Bay Colony, making it the oldest institutions of higher learning in the United States. 2. The college was named in 1639 for its first patron, British-born John Harvard of Charlestown, a young churchman or minister who, upon his death in 1638, left his library and half his property to the new institution. In the early years, the College trained many Puritan ministers. 3. During its early years, the College offered a classic academic course based on the English university model but consistent with the prevailing Puritan philosophy of the first colonists in New England. Many of Harvard’s earliest graduates went on to work in Puritan churches throughout New England. Harvard's alumni include eight U.S. presidents, 188 living billionaires, 79 Nobel laureates. Harvard students and alumni have also won 48 Pulitzer Prizes, and 108 Olympic medals (including 46 gold medals), and they have founded many notable companies worldwide. 4. Harvard's early motto was Veritas Christo et Ecclesiae "Truth for Christ and the Church." But now it was abbreviated to “The Truth”. 2. Read the information about Cambridge University and try to give a report of comparison between Harvard and Cambridge Universities. 1209 – The earliest record of the university. 1584 – The Cambridge University Press, the world’s oldest-established press begins its work. 1627 – John Harvard enters Emmanuel College s an undergraduate. He later emigrates to America and, in 1636, starts the university which now bears his name. 1687 – Isaac Newton publishes “Principia Mathematica”, establishing the fundamental principles of modern physics. 1953 - Francis Crick and James Watson discover the structure of DNA, unlocking the secret of life. 1997 – Mrs. Molly Maxwell becomes Cambridge’s oldest graduate at the age of 105. The modern University is an international centre of teaching and research in a vast range of subjects. Members of the University have won over 60 Nobel Prizes. UNIT 2 Pedagogy TEACHER’S PROFESSION It is not an easy thing to choose a profession but I’ve made my choice and decided to be a teacher. My parents are also teachers and I know that teaching is a very specific and very interesting job. A teacher is a person who is learning as well as teaching all his life. Most jobs can be done within the usual office hours of 9 a.m.- 5 p.m., but teacher’s work is never done. When classes are over teaches stay at school to hold competitions, meetings of clubs and societies and are busy doing other kinds of extra-curriculum (out-of-class) work. Evenings are mostly spent marking exercise-books and preparing for the next lesson. While teaching you have to encourage your pupils and keep them interested. A good teacher is a model of competence. He studies his children closely – to discover their interests, their needs and abilities. He plans his work upon what he learns about his children. The relationships between him and his students should be based on cooperation and respect for a person. The function of education is to prepare children for real life situations, to help them live in the community, to bring them up in the spirit of high moral ideals. It is a great responsibility. Teachers develop their pupil’s intellect, form their views and characters. They teach children to be honest and kind, to be active and industrious, loving their native land. To be a teacher is not so easy as it may seem at first but love for children and great patience combined with deep knowledge would be quite enough to succeed in work. Thus teacher’s profession is very hard job, but it is also very interesting and creative. That is why thousands of young people choose this profession and dedicate their lives to the education of younger generation. The schools of Russia are proud of such outstanding pedagogues as Ushinsky, Makarenko, Amonashvili, Shatalov and others. |