Контрольная работа 3 по дисциплине Иностранный язык для студентов заочной формы обучения
 Скачать 21.49 Kb.
|
|
Контрольная работа № 3 по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» для студентов заочной формы обучения, направление подготовки «Автоматизация технологических процессов и производств» Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст. THE MOLECULAR THEORY OF MATTER AND THE STATES OF MATTER Molecules are too small and are not seen under the most powerful microscope, but the movement of molecules can be made more real by a study of the so-called Brownian movement. Robert Brown observed in 1827 that small solid particles suspended in a liquid were in continual movement. In fact the chief characteristic of matter is its eternal restlessness, and the degree of restlessness is determined by the state of matter under observation; i.e. whether it be solid, liquid or gas. In gases molecules lead more or less independent existence and are moving with high speed in all directions; and the molecules must be continually colliding with each other and striking the walls of the vessel, and so exert pressure. A gas, therefore, has no definite shape or volume, and can be readily compressed. The molecules of a liquid can move sufficiently freely and allow the liquid to take up the shape of the vessel; but the attractive forces between the molecules, which are much closer together and moving more slowly than in a gas, do not permit the liquid to be compressed to any extent nor to vary its volume. A liquid, therefore, has a definite volume but not fixed shape, and is slightly compressible. In solids the freedom of the molecules must be very restricted and their motion is probably confined to small oscillations only, and must be greatly hampered by the nearness of neighbouring molecules. A solid, therefore, has both definite shape and volume, and is very difficult to compress. The rates of motion of molecules have an important influence on chemical changes. They occur most readily when molecules are moving freely, i.e. in gases; and chemical activity is least pronounced in solids, where the movement of molecules is slight. Примечания 1. i.e. = that is - то есть 2. to any extent - до какой-либо степени 3. must be greatly hampered - должно быть сильно затруднено 4. is least pronounced - наименее выражена Задание2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту. 1. How can the movement of molecules be studied? 2. Why does gas have neither definite shape nor volume? 3. Why is liquid slightly compressible? 4. Why is the freedom of molecules in solids very restricted? 5. Why is it very difficult to compress a solid? 6. In what substances do chemical changes occur most readily? Задание 3. Найдите из текста английские эквиваленты к следующим русским сочетаниям слов. 1. мощный микроскоп 2. движение молекул 3. твердые частицы 4. главная особенность 5. независимое существование 6.оказывать давление 7. определенная форма 8. сила притяжения 9. иметь важное влияние 10. свободно двигаться Задание 4. Найдите из текста русские эквиваленты слов к следующим английским сочетаниям слов. continual movement eternal restlessness to be determined by the state of matter to move in all directions to collide with each other to be readily compressed to take up the shape of the vessel to vary one’s volume to be restricted small oscillations Задание 5. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Определите грамматическое время и залог глагола-сказуемого. Matter is constantly undergoing changes. Forms of matter may change, but matter itself is neither destroyed nor created. Newton's Law of universal gravitation is applied to matter in general. As a matter of fact Robert Brown observed the movement of small solid particles in liquid quite unexpectedly. The solution of this problem is a matter of time. Numerous experiments have shown that the composition of every chemical compound is constant no matter how, where and of what it has been prepared. The results of their experiments were referred to at the conference. Matter occupies space and it possesses mass. Задание 6. Переведите следующие слова и укажите, к каким частям речи они относятся. chemical, identify, electricity, atomic, movement, observation, hardly, powerful, direction, continually, activity, purify, preparation, special, probably,physical, equipment, experimental, classify, property, useful, metallic, agreement,freely. |