Ева. 1. What is the subject matter of the Ethics of Business Relationships ebar

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1.What is the subject matter of the Ethics of Business Relationships [EBAR]?

Business ethics is the study of what constitutes right and wrong (or good and bad) human conduct in a business context.

Деловая этика-это изучение того, что составляет правильное и неправильное (или хорошее и плохое) поведение человека в деловом контексте.

2.Define the terms: Ethics and Morality.

Many use the two terms as synonyms, but there are differences between morals and ethics. Firstly, morals is a principles which was set by society and it is suitable for almost all situations, while ethics is suitable only for some specific situation and it is a kind of investigation and includes both the activity of investigating as well as the result of that investigation.

Многие используют эти два термина как синонимы, но есть различия между моралью и этикой. Во-первых, мораль-это принципы, которые были установлены обществом и подходят практически для всех ситуаций, в то время как этика подходит только для какой-то конкретной ситуации и является разновидностью расследования и включает в себя как деятельность по расследованию, так и результат этого расследования.

3.What characteristics of the regulative foundations of human behavior are relevant and essential to the definition of the nature of moral standards?

There are 6 characteristics:

1)Moral standards deal with matters that are serious(matters that can seriously wrong or significantly benefit human beings)

2)Moral standards should be preferred to other values including self-interest

3)MS are not established or changed by the decisions of authority figures or authoritative bodies

4)MS are felt to be universal

5) MS are based on impartial considerations the moral point of view

6)MS are associated with special emotions and expressions

4. What are the implications of the “myth of amoral business”? Please give a critical reconsideration to this myth?

The main definition of the myth of amoral business is that business and ethics do not mix. People in business want to get money, producing goods and services. There is an opinion that good business is a business, which makes profit and it doesn’t acts in moral terms. But this opinion is not true, because if everyone in business will act a morally this business would soon come to a halt. Business depends on his reputation, so must have some social responsibility, and he can gain this by being moral.

5. What are the distinctive features of individual, corporate and systemic issues in the Ethics of Business Activities and Relationships?

Manuel G. Valasquez divided all issues of EBAR in three big groups:

systemic(they are raised about the economics, politics, legal and e.t.c. these include questions about the morality of capitalism or of laws);

Corporate issues are raised by organization. Include morality of the activities, policies, practices or organizational structure;

individual issues(they are about particular individual or individuals within the organization and their behaviors and decisions.)

6. What are the most typical objections to applying moral standards and evaluations to business activities and relationships?

Business exists to make profit for it’s owner. And if owner brings moral standards into business, it will make additionally costs and make his product more expensive, so people will have conflict.

7. What are the arguments for bringing ethics into business?

if everyone in business will act unethical this business would soon come to a halt. Business depends on his reputation, ethics helps with this. Ethics helps to create a more favorable business environment/

8. What is the relation between Law and Morality?

Law and morality are intimately related to each other. Laws are generally based on the moral principles of society. Both regulate the conduct of the individual in society. They influence each other to a great extent. Laws, to be effective, must represent the moral ideas of the people. But good laws sometimes serve to rouse the moral conscience of the people and create and maintain such conditions as may encourage the growth of morality.

9. What are the principles of John Rawls’s theory of justice? What is veil of ignorance?

1) Each individual should have equal rights in relation to the most general system of equal fundamental freedoms, compatible with similar freedom systems for all other people.
2) Social and economic inequalities should be organized in such a way that they are simultaneously
    a) lead to the greatest benefit of the least successful, in accordance with the principle of fair savings, and
    b) make open to all positions and positions in an environment of fair equality of opportunity.

10. What are the general principles of Utilitarianism?

There are three principles that serve as the basic axioms of utilitarianism.

1. 
   Pleasure or Happiness Is the Only Thing That Truly Has Intrinsic Value.
   

Pleasure and happiness, though, are unique in being valued purely for their own sake. No other reason for valuing them needs to be given. It is better to be happy than sad. This can't really be proved. But everyone thinks this.