Учебное пособие. А. Н. Туполева (каи) кафедра восточных и европейских языков (вея) engineering английский язык для студентов технических специальностей учебное пособие

• Название: А. Н. Туполева (каи) кафедра восточных и европейских языков (вея) engineering английский язык для студентов технических специальностей учебное пособие
• Анкор: Учебное пособие.docx
• Дата: 20.05.2017
• Размер: 7.94 Mb.
• Имя файла: Учебное пособие.docx
• Тип: Учебное пособие; #8018
• страница: 53 из 71

What do Civil Engineers do?

Civil engineers turn complex ideas into reality. They help make some of the most innovative structures in the UK and abroad.

 What do they do?

Civil engineers are involved in the design and construction of bridges, tunnels, roads, railway, dams, pipelines and major buildings. The infrastructure for transport, energy, industry and commerce is the result of civil engineering. Our society would not function without civil engineering products.

 Civil engineers are usually found in one of the following organisations:

• 
  Contractors - who traditionally manage the construction work on site, develop and design construction processes and techniques and supervise a professional team
  
• 
  Consultants - who are concerned with the design and planning of projects and their effect on the environment
  
• 
  Public service organisation and utilities - who investigate the need for roads, bridges, tunnels, etc and then maintain and manage the structures once they are there.
  

 'THE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR TRANSPORT, ENERGY, INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE IS THE RESULT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING'

 As new ways of working evolve, the lines between these types of organisation are blurring. For example, all three types of organisation might pool their expertise to raise the money to design, build and maintain a really large project.

Generally speaking, civil engineers do different work from structural engineers who are involved primarily in the design of structures - that is, the shape and form of buildings, oil rigs, power stations, ports, airport. For this reason structural engineers work less on transport projects like roads and pipelines.

 There are three kinds of civil engineer:

• 
  Engineering technician, who has basic knowledge of engineering principles and vital technical skills.
  
• 
  Incorporated engineer, who uses technical knowledge and good management skills to lead project teams
  
• 
  Chartered engineer, who is an innovator at the forefront of design solutions.
  

Civil engineering: highways
Highways civil engineering is concerned with improving, designing and maintaining roads of all sizes (from motorways to B-roads), in all sorts of location. Work can include:

• 
  Planning and supervising a wide range of projects
  
• 
  Presenting detailed designs
  
• 
  Taking into account the effect on the environment
  
• 
  Communicating and negotiating with clients and other professionals
  
• 
  Ensuring safety and efficiency of existing road networks
  
• 
  Preparing contract documentation
  
• 
  Site supervision.
  

Currently there is a high demand for highways engineers.

 Civil engineering: transport
Chartered engineers specialising in the transport sector focus on the design, construction and maintenance of structures, supporting transport networks, such as bridges, tunnels and railway tracks. Their responsibilities include:

• 
  Using specialist knowledge of the ground or soil conditions to design tunnels, bridges, etc
  
• 
  Planning how to improve passenger comfort
  
• 
  Providing a transport system which will be safe, efficient and good value for money
  
• 
  Finding new solutions to transport problems
  
• 
  Overseeing the laying and alignment of railway tracks
  
• 
  Analysing the effects on the environment
  
• 
  Liaising with clients and other construction professionals.
  There is also a high demand for transport engineers.
  
• 
  
  

Civil engineering: water and marine
This area of civil engineering encompasses all kinds of coastline developments including jetties, piers, harbour work, docks and flood protection, plus any other structures used for carrying, storing or distributing water and wastewater. The work can include:

• 
  Co-ordinating a large team of engineers
  
• 
  Designing engineering solutions which work and which meet the client's budget
  
• 
  Using sophisticated equipment to carry out complex work on the water
  
• 
  Doing detailed calculations to make sure that everything goes exactly where it should
  
• 
  Carrying out safety inspections on site
  
• 
  Sorting environmental issues
  
• 
  Consulting closely with other organisations and professionals - even divers!
  

 What are they good at?

Civil engineers need a good grasp of mathematics and design, and the ability to manage and liaise with a wide variety of people. They need to be able to think in 3D and communicate ideas effectively. This kind of engineering is suited to people who are practical with a creative streak.

 How do I get there?

There are so many different aspects to civil and structural engineering that courses at different levels will cover a wide range of subjects and develop many important skills. If you are fascinated by structures and how they are built, then a course or degree in civil engineering is for you.