Агабекян учебник для тех.вузов. Агабекян учебник для тех. Агабекян И. П., Коваленко П. И. Английский для технических вузов
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Text C: «INTRODUCTION TO THE WWW AND THE INTERNET»Millions of people around the world use the Internet to search for and retrieve information on all sorts of top ics in a wide variety of areas including the arts, business, government, humanities, news, politics and recreation. People communicate through electronic mail (e-mail), discussion groups, chat channels and other means of in formational exchange. They share information and make commercial and business transactions. All this activity is possible because tens of thousands of networks are con nected to the Internet and exchange information in the same basic ways. The World Wide Web (WWW) is a part of the Internet. But it's not a collection of networks. Rather, it is information that is connected or linked together like a web. You access this information through one interface or tool called a Web browser. The number of resources and serv ices that are part of the World Wide Web is growing ex tremely fast. In 1996 there were more than 20 million users of the WWW, and more than half the information that is transferred across the Internet is accessed through the WWW. By using a computer terminal (hard ware) connected to a network that is a part of the Internet, and by using a program (software) to browse or retrieve information that is a part of the World Wide Web, the people connected to the Internet and World Wide Web through the local providers have access to a variety of information. Each browser provides a graphi cal interface. You move from place to place, from site to site on the Web by using a mouse to click on a portion of text, icon or region of a map. These items are called hyperlinks or links. Each link you select represents a document, an image, a video clip or an audio file some where on the Internet. The user doesn't need to know where it is, the browser follows the link. All sorts of things are available on the WWW. One can use Internet for recreational purposes. Many TV and radio stations broadcast live on the WWW. Essentially, if something can be put into digital format and stored in a computer, then it's available on the WWW. You can even visit museums, gardens, cities throughout the world, learn foreign languages and meet new friends. And, of course, you can play computer games through WWW, competing with partners from other countries and continents. Just a little bit of exploring the World Wide Web will show you what a lot of use and fun it is. Vocabulary: World Wide Web — «Всемирная Паутина» to retrieve — извлекать variety — разнообразие, спектр recreation — развлечение network — сеть to share — делить humanities — гуманитарные науки business transactions — коммерческие операции access — доступ to browse — рассматривать, разглядывать browser — браузер (программа поиска ин формации) to provide — обеспечивать (чем-либо) provider — провайдер (компания, предоставляю щая доступ к WWW через местные телефонные сети) broadcast live — передавать в прямом эфире site — страница, сайт to link — соединять hyperlink — гиперссылка to compete — соревноваться General understanding: 1) What is Internet used for? 2) Why so many activities such as e-mail and business transactions are possible through the Internet? 3) What is World Wide Web? 4) What is Web browser? 5) What does a user need to have an access to the WWW? 6) What are hyperlinks? 7) What resources are available on the WWW? 8) What are the basic recreational applications of WWW? Exercise 9.8. Which of the listed below statements are true/false. Specify your answer using the text. 1) There are still not so many users of the Internet. 2) There is information on all sorts of topics on the Internet, including education and weather forecasts. 3) People can communicate through e-mail and chat programs only. 4) Internet is tens of thousands of networks which exchange the information in the same basic way. 5) You can access information available on the World Wide Web through the Web browser. 6) You need a computer (hardware) and a special pro gram (software) to be a WWW user. 7) You move from site to site by clicking on a portion of text only. 8) Every time the user wants to move somewhere on the 'eh he/she needs to step by step enter links and addresses. 9) Films and pictures are not available on the Internet. 10) Radio and TV-broadcasting is a future of Internet. They're not available yet. Exercise 9.9. Define the following using the vo cabulary: 1) Internet 2) World Wide Web 3) Web browser 4) Internet provider 5) Hyperlinks Exercise 9.10. Find the equivalents: 1) Объем ресурсов и услуг, которые являются час тью WWW, растет чрезвычайно быстро. 2) Каждая ссылка, выбранная вами представляет документ, графическое изображение, видеоклип или аудио файл где-то в Интернет. 3) Интернет может быть также использован для це лей развлечения. 4) Вы получаете доступ к ресурсам Интернет через интерфейс или инструмент, который называется веб-браузер. 5) Вся эта деятельность возможна благодаря десят кам тысяч компьютерных сетей, подключенных к Интернет и обменивающихся информацией в одном режиме. 6) Пользователи общаются через электронную по чту, дискуссионные группы, чэт-каналы (многока нальный разговор в реальном времени) и другие сред ства информационного обмена. Exercise 9.11. Match the following: 1) You access the information through one interface or tool called a... 2) People connected to the WWW through the local... have access to a variety of information. 3) The user doesn't need to know where the site is, the... follows the... 4) In 1996 there were more than 20 million users of the... 5) Each... provides a graphical interface. 6) Local... charge money for their services to access... resources. Words to match with: 1) web browser, providers, link, WWW, Questions for group discussion: 1) Some people think that Internet is very harmful, especially for young people, because it carries a lot of information about sex, drugs, violence and terrorism. Do you think that some kind of censorship is necessary on the WWW? 2) World famous authors and publishers say that the Internet violates their copyright because Web-program mers put all kinds of books, pictures, music, films and programs free on the Internet and this reduces their sales and profits. 3) Has anyone in your group experience working on the Internet? Ask them 1) about the difficulties they had; 2) useful information retrieved; 3) fun they got? Why so few people have experience working on the Internet? FAMOUS PEOPLE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Bill Gates William Henry Gates was born in Seattle, Washing ton, in 1955. He is an American business executive, chairman and chief executive officer of the Microsoft Corporation. Gates was the founder of Microsoft in 1975 together with Paul Alien, his partner in computer language de velopment. While attending Harvard in 1975, Gates together with Alien developed a version of the BASIC computer programming language for the first personal computer. In the early 1980s. Gates led Microsoft's evolution from the developer of computer programming languages to a large computer software company. This transition began with the introduction of MS-DOS, the operating system for the new IBM Personal Computer in 1981. Gates also led Microsoft towards the introduction of application software such as the Microsoft Word proces sor. Much of Gates' success is based on his ability to trans late technical visions into market strategy. Although Gates has accumulated great wealth from his holdings of Microsoft stock, he has been known as a tough competitor who seems to value winning in a competitive en vironment over money. Gates still continues to work per sonally in product development at Microsoft. |