Английский язык для бизнесмена. Антонов О. И. Английский язык для бизнесмена
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LESSON 4 THE FUNCTlONS OF AN EXECUTIVE Dialogue Anna is having lunch with her sister Barbara, Anna has just accepted a position as an Administrative Assistant. Her boss is an executive with a firm that manufactures heavy machinery used in construction. Barbara You've got a new job, Anna. My congratulations. Anna Thanks, Barbara. Barbara Tell me a few words about your boss. What does he do? Anna Well, he is one of the vice presidents of the company, so he's rather important. He is an executive. Barbara Do you know the difference between an executive a manager and an administrator? Anna I am afraid Т can hardly tell you the difference. I think these words are interchangable and they really aren't different in many companies. Barbara What about your company? Anna In our company the top officers are called administrators. The next highest group - the vice presidents, the heads of major departments and branch plant managers - are executives like my boss. Barbara Is that all? Anna The group below consists of managers, they are general managers and foremen. Barbara So I see that an organization has a number of positions and some people have more authority than others. Anna You are right. Barbara But it would be interesting to know more about the functions of an executive like your boss. Anna I'd say he makes a lot of important decisions. He sets objectives, coordinates work, delegates authority, makes hiring, firing, evaluating and just general leading. Barbara It seems to be important. Anna It is important. It's evident that making careful decisions is the basis of good management. Barbara But do, you work under much pressure? Anna Barbara, you know I am quite used to working under pressure from my last job. I am also accustomed to lots of paper work and red tape. Barbara Good for you. Anna And what's more important I feel that I can learn a lot because my boss is very competent. Barbara Good, I think we'd be in a hurry not to get late for the work. Active Vocabulary an executive руководитель, администратор manager управляющий администратор an administrator управляющий, администратор vice president вице-президент head of department руководитель отдела, foreman мастер, руководитель, position должность to setobjectives ставить цели to delegate authority распределять обязанности to work under pressure работать по принуждению red-tape зд. бюрократическая, канцелярская работа to be competent быть компетентным Vocabulary Exercises. Exercise 1. Transform the sentences according to the model 25 Model: I'm accustomed to setting objectives. I'm used to setting objectives. 1. We are accustomed to having unlimited liability. 2. He is accustomed to delegating authority. 3. They are accustomed to firing and hiring people. 4. She is accustomed to working as a head of the department. 5. You are accustomed to working under pressure. 6. The executive is accustomed to making decisions. Exercise 2. • Change the modal verb according lo the model Model: We ought to set objectives this month. We should set objectives this month. 1. They ought to talk about the functions of an executive. 2. A manager ought to make careful decisions. 3. An executive ought lo be very competent. 4. A vice president ought to decide on hiring, firing, vacation, hours. 5. The board of directors ought to plan objectives and changes. 6. They ought to have a meeting with a head of the department. Exercise 3. Your executive is a very tough man. What should his staff do to please him? For ideas: to be creative- быть с творческим отношением к делу to be well-organized - быть хорошо организованным to keep fit - держать себя в форме to be punctual - быть пунктуальным to be enthusiastic - быть энтузиастом to obey the rules - подчиняться правилам Exercise4. Answer the questions. 1. What working position is the best for you? 2. Are you accustomed to working under pressure? 3. Are you accustomed to a red-tape job? 4. Do you want to be an executive or an administrator of the big company? What should you do for it? 5. What qualities do you need to be an executive of the company? 6. What does it mean to be a competent manager? 26 Text WHERE AND HOW TO HIRE AN EMPLOYEE? An employer has several options to consider when he wants to hire, a new employee. First of all, he may look within his own company. But if he can't find anybody suitable for the position he will have to look outside the company. If there is a personal office; in the company, he can ask them to help him to find a qualified applicant. The employ er can also use another valuable sources, for example, employment agencies, consulting firms, placement offices and professional societies. He can also advertise in a newspaper or in a magazine and request candidates to send in resumes. The employer has two sets of qualifications to consider if he wants to choose from among the applicants. He must consider both professional qualifications and personal characteristics. A candidate's education, experience and skills are included in his professional qualifications. These can be listed on a resume. Personal characteristics, or personality traits must be evaluated through interviews. Active Vocabulary an option- выбор an employer- наниматель, работодатель an employee- служащий, работающий по найму to consider- рассматривать, принимать во внимание to be suitable for the position- соответствовать должности personnel office- отдел кадров an applicant- кандидат на должность valuable source- ценный источник employment agency- агентство по найму consulting firm- консультационная фирма to advertise- помещать объявления, рекламировать resume- резюме two sets of qualifications- два вида характеристик experience- (рабочий опыт) to evaluate through interviews- оценивать через интервью 27 Comprehension Questions 1. Which options should an employer first consider when he wants to hire a new employee? 2. What service does a personnel department provide? 3. In what way can be the new employees be found outside one's company? 4. What qualifications does the employer consider in choosing employee? 5. What is meant by "professional qualification" for a job? 6. What personal characteristics does the administrator consider when choosing an employee? Vocabulary Practice Exercise 1. Choose the necessary word and put it in the sentence. 1. We are going to interview three... I for toe position. I 1 to advertise I 2. If you need applicants for this po- I sition,... in a special section of the I local newspaper. I 2 resume 3. Personnel office will help you to I find a new... I 3 employee 4. All the information about the staff I of the firm can be found in... I 4 applicant 5. She has a good... for the position: I a college degree, good., work, experience. I 5 personnel office 6. I want to find a new secretary, I so I'll call an employment... I 6 qualification 7. If you are аn applicant for the I position, you have to write your... I 7 agency 8. Don't ask him... questions, it will I be impolite. I 8 personal Ехегсisе 2. Translate into English. 1. Его должность в компании очень важна. 2. Администратор ставит цели, принимает на работу, увольняет. 3. Она не любит работать по принуждению. 4. Я привычен к канцелярской работе. 5. Управляющий должен быть компетентным. 28 6. Руководитель этой группы - очень талантливый специалист. 7. Нам нужно нанять нового служащего. 8. Поместите объявление в газету. 9 Этот руководитель с большим опытом. 10.Мы должны рассмотреть два вида характеристик. 11 .Кандидаты на должность должны послать резюме. 12.Вы найдете всю информацию в отделе кадров. 13.Обратитесь в агентство до найму. 14.Наниматель должен обратиться в консультационную фирму. Grammar Exercises Exercise 1. Put the verbs in brackets into the proper present tense (Present Indefinite, Present Continuous or Present Perfect). 1. The vice president usually (to set) objectives for the staff. 2. Don't disturb me, please, I (to work) with annual report. 3. This firm often (to advertise) in different newspapers and magazines. 4. We advertised in the special section of the newspaper but we (not to receive) the resumes yet. 5. We (to evaluate) already the candidates through the interview. 6. We (to look for) a specialist suitable for the position at the present moment. 7. He (to send) just his resume and the letter of interest. 8. They (to fire) the manager. He was not suitable for the position. 9. You have to wait a little. He (to consult) with the executive. Additional Exercise If you decide to apply for a job in the western countries, you will probably need to form two documents: a letter of interest and a resume. This is the way how to do it. Read the letter of interest and a resume and try to write your own documents of the same kind. ' a letter of interest 29 Dear sir or madam! I graduate from Tver state university in 1985. Now I am finishing my post-graduate studies to defend my candidate thesis this winter. My major is called the theory of literature, which includes the study of the history of Russian and foreign literature. I am interested in working in the Russian department of your university as a teacher of Russian and Russian literature for the school year 1991-1992. In high school I gained experiences teaching Russian to foreign students. In your department I could assist in the teaching of grammar, conduct a class in Russian conversation or give lectures on Russian literature. If you are interested please write me at the above address. I will look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely, Ivanov I.I. Eastern Washington Universities. Tutor of american post-graduates in Russian conversational skills (Fall 1989 - winter 1990) Private English lessons (Fall 1989 - present). PUBLICATIONS I am the author of 6 articles published in different editions of collections of articles. The topic of these publications is connected with folk and romantic British balladry. This is the subject of my candidate thesis which I am going to defend this winter. LANGUAGES Russian (native language), English, German. b) a resume. EDUCATION Tver State University, Faculty of Modern Languages, English Department (1983). Tver State University. Post-graduate studentship (1990). EXPERIENCE Tver State University. The Department of Foreign Literature. I deliver lectures on European Literature of the 17- 18th centuries (Fall 1988 - present). Tver State University. The Department of Russian Literature. ... Lecturer on Russian Literature of the 19- 20 centuries at the Preparatory Department (Fall 1988 - summer 1990) . Tver State University. Summer Courses of Russian Language for Foreign Students. Teacher of Russian Language (Summer 1989, 1990). Tver State University. The Department of Foreign Languages for Humanities. Teacher of English (1986- 1988). Tver secondary school teacher of English, German, Literature (1983-1986). ACTIVITIES Intercontact Cooperative Firm. Courses of intensive studies of foreign languages. Teacher of English (Fall 1989 - present). Tver State University Exchange Program bw. Tver and 30 LESSON 5 LINE AND STAFF POSITIONS TEXT. In business, organization structure means the relationship between positions and people who hold the positions. Organization structure is very important because it provides an efficient work system as well as a system of communication. Historically, line structure is the oldest type of organization structure. The main idea of it is direct vertical relationships between the positions and tasks of each level, and the positions and tasks above and bellow each level. For example, a sales manager may be in a line position between a vice-president of marketing and a salesman. Thus a vice president of marketing has direct authority over a sales manager. A sales manager in his turn has direct authority over a salesman. This chain of command simplifies the problems of giving and taking orders. When a business grows in size and becomes more complex, there is a need for specialists. In such case administrators may organize staff departments and add staff specialists to do specific work. These people are usually busy with services, they are not tied in with the company product. The activities of the staff departments include an accounting, personnel, credit and advertising. Generally they do not give orders to other departments. Active Vocabulary relationship- взаимоотношение to hold a position- занимать должность organization structure- организационная структура level- уровень sales manager- управляющий по торговле маркетингу 32 salesman- продавец, торговец, to have direct authority- иметь прямую властьнад over smb. кем-либо staff- штат to give orders- отдавать приказы to take orders- принимать приказы a line department- линейный отдел (имеющий непосредственное отношение к конечному продукту) staff department- штабной отдел (не имеющий прямого отношения к производству, но его обслуживающий) to be tied in the company- иметь отношение к конечному продукту complex- сложный Comprehension Questions 1. What does the organization structure mean? 2. What does the organization structure provide? 3. What is historically the oldest type of organization structure? 4. In what position is a salesmanager in attitude to a vice- president of marketing and a salesman? 5. What is the difference between line and staff departments? 6. Why is an advertising department or a credit department considered staff structure rather than line structure? Vocabulary Practice Choose the necessary word and put it in the sentence. 1. Organization structure shows... I between each position and positions I above and below. I 1 relationships 2. A sales manager has direct... I over a salesman. I 2 to hold a position 3. As a rule a... usually does not give I 33 orders to other departments. I 3 authority 4. When the business gets more ... I there is a need for staff departments. I 4 complex 5. My friend ... ... of sales manager. I 6. The ... of staff departments is to do I different services. I 6 a line department I 7. My friend works in a ... .... he is I 7 a staff responsible for the company product. I department Dialogue Peggy Forman is talking with Jaff Downing, another administrative assistant in her company. Jaff How are you today, Peggy? Peggy Oh, fine, thanks. Jaff Glad to hear that. By the way, are yon familiar with the organizational chart for the company? Peggy No, I am not. What is it like actually? Jaff Well, the chart shows how the employees are devided into groups. It gives one an overview of the chain of command in the company. Peggy I see. The positions can be line and staff ones. Jaff Yes. The subject is not new to you. What else do you know about it? Peggy As far as I know a worker in a line position receives orders from his immediate subordinate. Jaff Exactly, that's the line chain of command. Peggy A worker in a staff position reports directly to a line worker but he neither gives nor receives orders for line workers. Am I right? Jaff Yes, you are. But someone may have tine authority over people in his department and not be considered a line administrator. Peggy How can it be? Jaff That's possible when a whole department is a staff department. For example, in our company the head of the credit department or the personnel department can hardly ever be president of the company. Peggy And what do the people in staff departments do, how is their work different? Jaff Well, they are usually busy with services and they |