Лекции по стилистике английского языка (на английском языке). азастан Республикасыны бiлiм жне ылым министрлiгi
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Mary (Goes slowly to the windows at right like an automaton — looking out, a blank, far-off quality in her voice.): Just listen to that awful foghorn. And the bells. Why is it fog makes everything sound so sad and lost, I wonder? Edmund (Brokenly): I — I can't stay here. I don't want any dinner. (He hurries away through the front parlor. She keeps staring out the window until she hears the front door close behind him. Then she comes back and sits in her chair, the same blank look on her face.) Mary (Vaguely.): I must go upstairs. I haven't taken enough. (She pauses — then longingly.) I hope, sometime, without meaning it, I will take an overdose. I never could do it deliberately. The Blessed Virgin would never forgive me, then. (She hears Tyrone, returning and turns as he comes in, through the back parlor, with a bottle of whiskey he has just uncorked. He is fuming.) Tyrone (Wrathfully.): The padlock is all scratched. That drunken loafer has tried to pick the lock with a piece of wire, the way he's done before. (With satisfaction, as.ifthis was perpetual battle of wits with his elder son.) But I've fooled him this time. It's a special padlock a professional burglar couldn't pick. (He puts the bottle on the tray and suddenly is aware of Edmund's absence.) Where's Edmund? Mary (With a vague far-away air.): He went out. Perhaps he's going uptown again to find Jamie. He still has some money left, I suppose, and it's burning a hole in his pocket. He said he didn't want any dinner. He doesn't seem to have any appetite these days. (Then stubbornly.) But it's just a summer cold. (Tyrone stares at her and shakes his head helplessly and pours himself a big drink and drinks it. 4. МАТЕРИАЛЫ ПО КОНТРОЛЮ И ОЦЕНКЕ УЧЕБНЫХ ДОСТИЖЕНИЙ (ТЕСТЫ, ЭКЗАМЕНАЦИОННЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ И ДР.) Test 1. Stylistics deals mainly with two interdependent tasks: a) the investigation of the inventory of special language media which by their ontological features secure the desirable effect of the utterance and b) … a. forms of communication which depend on the situation in which the communication is maintained, i.e. on the presence or absence of an interlocutor. b. stylistic oppositions as a background for perceiving distinctive stylistic features. c. certain types of texts (discourse) which due to the choice and arrangement of language means are distinguished by the pragmatic aspect of the communication. d. different types of translation which can be singled out depending on the predominant communicative function of the source text or the form of speech involved in the translation process. e. the imagery of the source text as a system. 2. A functional style of language is … a. an unmarked member of stylistic oppositions and turns out to be a background for perceiving distinctive stylistic features. b. a system of interrelated language means which serves a definite aim in communication. c. a series of transformations which are determined not by interlinguistic relationship but by cultural or even personal preferences on the part of the translator. d. a generic term for three substyles in which the main principles and the most general properties of the style are materialized. e. a peculiar individual selection of vocabulary and syntax, a kind of lexical and syntactical idiosyncrasy. 3. According to I.R. Galperin’s point of view functional styles are also called … a. markers b. clichés c. stylistic devices d. expressive means e. registers 4. Name the style the main property of which is absence of positive stylistic characteristic and opportunity to use its elements in any situation. a. Neutral b. Colloquial c. Scientific prose d. Publicistic e. Belles-Lettres 5. The question whether there is this special FS still remains disputable. Some linguists (I.R. Galperin, R.A. Budagov) believe it is, the other (V.V. Vinogradov, A.V. Fedorov, I. V. Arnold) deny its existence. a. Official b. Belles-Lettres c. Colloquial d. Neutral e. Scientific prose 6. In the English literary standard we distinguish the following major functional styles (I.R. Galperin): a. 1) The language of emotive prose; 2) The language of publicistic literature; 3) The language of the newspapers; 4) The language of scientific prose; 5) The language of legal documents. b. 1) The language of poetry; 2) The language of emotive prose; 3) The language of neutral style; 4) The language of scientific prose; 5) The language of legal documents. c. 1) The language of belles-lettres; 2) The language of oratory; 3) The language of news; 4) The language of scientific prose; 5) The language of official documents. d. 1) The language of belles-lettres; 2) The language of publicistic literature; 3) The language of newspapers; 4) The language of scientific prose; 5) The language of official documents. e. 1) The language of prose; 2) The language of publicistic literature; 3) The language of newspapers; 4) The language of scientific prose; 5) The language of official documents. 7. Functional style of language is a historical category because …. a. the development of each style is predetermined by the changes in the norms of standard English, social conditions, the progress of science and the development of cultural life in the country. b. literary norm is stylistically neutral and is used in fiction in different combinations with various FS, and stylistic effect often depends on the styles’ clash. c. the members of the language community, especially those who are sufficiently trained and responsive to language variations, recognize these styles as historical wholes. d. nowadays no science is entirely isolated from other domains of human knowledge. e. each functional style of the literary language makes use of language means the interrelation of which is peculiar to the given FS. 8. The scientific prose FS has three divisions: a) the language style of humanitarian sciences; b) the language style of "exact" sciences; c) … a.the language style of technical sciences. b.the language style of popular sciences. c.the language style of popular scientific prose d.the language style of science fiction. e.the language style of scientific articles 9. The term … may be considered to apply to a particular type of translating in which not only linguistic and literary rules but also creative competition and imagery matter. a. literary translation b. literal translation c. poetic translation d. informative translation e. creative translation 10. Particular features of poetic translation are multiple probabilities and … a. irreversibility b. irrationality c. approximation d. integrity e. integration 11. Informative translation is rendering into the target language non-literary texts, the main purpose of which is … a. to identify the situation described in the original. b. to combine the maximum equivalence and the high literary merit. c. to be meaningful to the target culture in both form and idiom. d. to reconstruct the imagery of the source text as a system into the target culture by means of the target language e. to convey a certain amount of ideas, to inform the reader. 12. The most important function of poetic translation is that of …. a. brevity of expression b. intercultural communication c. possible interpretation of the phenomena of life d. emotional colouring e. incompatibility of associations 13. The basic problems that challenge the translator when he faces the difference between Russian and English (British or American) cultures are 1.different forms of names and ways of addressing people, 2. a gap between the Russian traditional metric system and English tradition of free verse, 3. the incompatibility of associations, 4. the necessity to fit the pronunciation of the translated words to the movement of the actor's lips, 5. the measurements of sentiment, humour or philosophy. Choose one which is wrong. a. 1 b.2 c.3 d.4 e. 5 14. The common function of the belles-letters style may broadly be called …. a. aesthetico-cognitive b. cognitive c. evaluative d. communicative e. aesthetic 15. Sentence-patterns of three types (postulatory, argumentative and formulative) is a feature of … a. Belles-Lettres style b. Publicistic style c.Brief news items d. Scientific prose style e. Oratorical style 16. Brevity of expression which in some varieties of this style becomes а leading feature, аn important linguistic means is a peculiarity of …. a. Scientific prose style b. Publicistic style c. Neutral style d. Colloquial style e. Emotive prose 17. Redundancy of information caused by necessity to amplify the utterance is one of the leading features of … a. the language of poetry b. the language of the drama c. the language of essays d. the language of brief news items e. the language of oratory 18. Images maybe divided into three categories: visual, aural and …. a. concrete b. lexical c. relational d. poetic e. basic 19. … is a type of verse in which only the number of stresses in the line is taken into consideration. a. Free verse b. Vers libre c. Poetic prose d. Accented verse e. Sonnet 20. … is alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables, more or less regular. a. Stanza b. Foot c. Sonnet d. Metre e. Rhythm 21. A system of interrelated lexical phraseological and grammatical means which is perceived by the community as a separate linguistic unity that serves the purpose of informing and instructing the reader. a. Newspaper style b. Publicistic style c. Scientific prose style d. Emotive prose e. Essay 22. The language of journalistic articles (political, social, economic) is a substyle of …. a. Publicistic style b. Newspaper style c. Brief news items d. Official style e. the language of essays 23. Stylistic device is … a. one of those phonetic, morphological, word-building, lexical, phraseological and syntactical forms which exist in language-as-a-system for the purpose of logical and/or emotional intensification of the utterance. b. a system of interrelated language means which serves a definite aim in communication. c. a conscious and intentional intensification of some typical structural and/or semantic property of a language unit (neutral or expressive) promoted to a generalized status and thus becoming a generative model. d. the precise naming of a feature of the idea, phenomenon or object, the name by which we recognize the whole of the concept. e. the omission of parts of the utterance easily understood from the situation. 24. Genuine/not trite, imagery, achieved by purely linguistic devices is a linguistic feature of the … a. Scientific prose b. Belles-Lettres c. Newspaper style d. Oratorical style e. Essays 25. Some linguists object to uniting the specific features of the … language into the notion of the … style because in this case the characteristics of an FS are substituted by the characteristics of a genre; they offer to single out an informative style instead. a. Publicistic b. Newspaper c. Oratorical d.Scientific prose e. Belles-Lettres Список вопросов к экзамену
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