Хранение энергии. Обзор. Хранение энергии 28.06.22. Хранение энергии в контексте энергетического перехода обзор технологий Аннотация

• Название: Хранение энергии в контексте энергетического перехода обзор технологий Аннотация
• Анкор: Хранение энергии. Обзор
• Дата: 08.05.2023
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• Имя файла: Хранение энергии 28.06.22.docx
• Тип: Документы; #1115769
• страница: 9 из 11

4.Заключение

Существует несколько различных технических решений для ES. В этой статье двадцать восемь альтернатив были описаны и проанализированы с обновленной информацией и данными, полученными из подробного обзора литературы, в отношении технических характеристик, таких как номинальная мощность, время разряда, время отклика, скорость саморазряда, подходящий период хранения, эффективность, плотность энергии, удельная мощность, удельная энергия, удельная мощность, срок службы, капитальные затраты, технологическая зрелость и экологические проблемы.

Технологии ES имеют широкий спектр приложений, которые можно классифицировать по-разному. Были приняты логика логистической и параметрической классификации, описывающая десять приложений и их соответствующие технические требования (номинальная мощность, продолжительность разряда и время отклика). Выбранными приложениями являются сдвиг во времени, управление энергопотреблением, сезонное хранение энергии, отсрочка инвестиций в передачу и распределение, надежность электроснабжения, крупномасштабная интеграция возобновляемых источников энергии, качество электроэнергии, регулирование сети, распределенная интеграция возобновляемых источников энергии и транспортные приложения.
Ни одна технология ES не выделяется одновременно по всем техническим характеристикам, поэтому выбор должен осуществляться на индивидуальной основе. В частности, в случае энергетического перехода, требующего сезонного хранения энергии, как показано в этом документе, помимо PHS, зрелой технологии, следующие технологии очень перспективны: Innovative CAES, P2G, P2L и Solarto-Fuel. Последние три имеют большое преимущество, заключающееся в возможности интеграции нескольких энергетических рынков и даже транспортного сектора, что делает возможным широкое проникновение возобновляемых источников в приложения на основе углеводородов, что необходимо для перехода к энергетике.

Транспортный сектор можно дополнительно решить с помощью PHEV и EV, которые также помогают управлять сетью в приложениях V2G. Существуют два основных препятствия для развертывания ЭС: первое связано с экономической целесообразностью бизнес-моделей ЭС, а второе требуемую нормативную среду.

Экономическое уравнение сложно решить, потому что технологии ES требуют значительных капиталовложений и необходимо объединять несколько приложений для получения достаточного дохода. Однако многие приложения трудно поддаются количественной оценке и монетизации, что требует внесения изменений в законодательство. В дополнение к этому отсутствию нормативной поддержки необходимо решать вопросы собственности, особенно потому, что повышение общественного благосостояния от преимуществ приложений ES может зависеть от владельца устройства ES. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования, чтобы проанализировать влияние этих барьеров на развертывание ES и способы их преодоления

Благодарности

Авторы хотели бы выразить признательность Исследовательскому центру газовых инноваций RCGI, спонсируемому FAPESP (2014/50279-4) и BG Group Brasil, а также выразить признательность Институту энергетики и окружающей среды, USP, Национальному институту Бразилии, Агентству нефти, природного газа и биотоплива (ANP) и Координация повышения квалификации кадров высшего образования (CAPES). Второй автор благодарит Бразильский национальный совет по научно-техническому развитию (CNPq) за продуктивность исследовательского гранта.

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