История автомобилестроения. Методическая разработка по дисциплине Английский язык для студентов iii курса История развития автомобилестроения
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Charles Stewart Rolls Charles Stewart Rolls (27 August 1877 - 12 July 1910) was a motoring and aviation pioneer. Together with Frederick Henry Royce he co-founded the Rolls-Royce car manufacturing firm. He was the first Briton to be killed in a flying accident, when the tail of his Wright Flyer broke off during a flying display near Bournemouth, England. He was aged 32. Rolls was born in Berkeley Square, London, third son of the 1st Baron Llangattock. Despite his London birth, he retained a strong family connection with his ancestral home of The Hendre, near Monmouth, Wales. After attending Mortimer Vicarage Preparatory School in Berkshire, he was educated at Eton College where his developing interest in engines earned him the nickname dirty Rolls. In 1894 he attended a private crammer in Cambridge which helped him gain entry to Trinity College, Cambridge where he studied Mechanical and Applied Science. In 1896, at the age of 18, he travelled to Paris to buy his first car, a Peugeot Phaeton, and joined the Automobile Club of France. His Peugeot is believed to have been the first car based in Cambridge, and one of the first three cars owned in Wales. An early motoring enthusiast, he joined the Self-Propelled Traffic Association which campaigned against the restrictions imposed on motor vehicles by the Locomotive Act, and became a founder member of the Automobile Club of Great Britain with which it merged 1897. RUSSIAN AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING Задание 1. Прочтите текст и переведите его письменно. The automobile industry in our country has been developed since 1916. Before that time Russia had no automobile industry at all, technical schools had no departments to train specialists in automobile engineering. But in the history of the automobile such names as Shamshurenkov, Blinov, Mamin and other Russian experts in mechanics must be re membered. The first automobile built by Shamshurenkov, a Russian inventor, was put into motion by the pedalling of the driver himself. Blinov designed and constructed tractor driven by steam engine. Mamin was one of the pioneers in Russian internal combustion engines. Today Russian automobiles are engineered and built in such a manner that they are able to withstand heavy loads for long periods of operation. The modem automobile is much more than a means of riding from one place to another. The passenger's safety and comfort must be considered as much as the car's reliable performance and ability to travel on the highways. The modern automobile must have a steel body and a steel roof and this roof must be insulated against the summer's heat and winter's (old Ventilation is also of great importance. The comfort and convenience of the driver must be taken into consideration too. The automobile must have a heater with special defrosting devices which insure clear vision to the driver. The automobile must have great power for riding, have dependable clutch and brakes, have good riding qualities, good lights, dependable starting and ignition systems, low fuel consumption, as well as long service life. Задание 2. Ответьтенавопросы 1. Since what time has the automobile industry been developed in our country? 2. Who are the most famous Russian experts in mechanics? 3. How was the first automobile put into motion? 4. How are Russian automobiles engineered and built today? Additional texts Fyodor Abramovich Blinov and Yakov Mamin The Russian inventor-taught, a creator of the first in the world caterpillar tractor, F.A. Blinov was born in 1827 in the village of Nikolskoye in the family of a serf. In 1840 Blinov received his freedom and began to work on a ship. Soon he became well-known on the Volga as an experienced master for the repairing of equipment. By 1895 Blinov developed the world’s first tractor, in which was installed steam machine. Fyodor Abramovich, the creator of the first in the world tracked tractor was given the rank of “Honorary citizen of the city Balakovo”. Inventors-self-taught Fyodor Abramovich Blinov and Yakov Mamin glorified Balakovo as the birthplace of the world's first caterpillar tractor, wheel self-propelled gun and Russian diesel engine; the plant of oil engines and tractors Yakov Mamin in 1915 produced 325 diesel engines, with a total capacity of 5100 horsepower. Leonty Shamshurenkov Leonty Luk'yanovich Shamshurenkov(1687—1758) was a self-taught Russian inventor of peasant origin, who designed a device for lifting the Tsar Bell onto a bell-tower, constructed in 1752 the first self-propelling or self-running carriage (may be regarded as precursor to both quadrocycle and automobile) and proposed projects of an original odometer and self-propelling sledge.  Caterpillar tracks, track assembly In 1837, Russian army captain Dmitry Zagryazhsky came up with drawings of a caterpillar drive and applied to the Ministry of Finance for a patent for his invention of a “carriage with a flat chain mechanical caterpillar”. He was granted a patent but his invention did not interest manufacturers at that time and the patent was annulled in 1839. Much later, in 1877, Russian peasant and self-taught inventor Fyodor Blinov completed Zagryazhsky’s unfinshed task and created a wagon that moved on caterpillars. This invention gave the green light to production of tractors and, subsequently, of tanks. Electrically-powered railway wagons The invention of an electrically-powered railway wagon was a precondition for the transport revolution that spurred the development of towns and industrial centres. It all started in 1874-1876, when Fyodor Pirotsky conducted a slew of experiments on transmitting electricity over a distance, with one rail serving as a direct conductor and the other, as a reverse conductor. An electric motor, located one kilometre from the power source, worked. A few years later, he conducted an experiment at a railway spur near Sestroretsk. There were 40 people in the wagon. The first electrified tram line was opened as late as 1881 in a Berlin suburb on the basis of designs by the Russian inventor Helicopter Igor Sikorsky was another Russian inventor whose potential was fully realized abroad. In 1910, he created the prototype of a rotor-driven device, which successfully got off the ground. In 1912, he created the first hydroplane in the world and then the first multiple-engine aircraft. After the 1917 Revolution in Russia, he had to emigrate to the US, where he established his own company, Sikorsky Aero Engineering Company, using a contribution from remarkable Russian composer Sergei Rachmaninoff. Sikorsky’s first experimental helicopter designed in the United States got off the ground in September 1939. The design of that machine, which has been considered a classic helicopter design for more than fifty years now, has been used for almost 95% helicopters built around the world. In 1942, Sikorsky created a two-seater helicopter. AUTOMOBILE PRODUCTION Задание 1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний: mechanical engineer а. долгий срок службы to deal (with) b. запустить в массовое производство 3.designing cars с. подвергать испытаниям 4. to put into mass production d. плавное сцепление 5. long service life е. отвечать современным требованиям driving safety f. иметь дело (с кем-л., чем-л.) to meet up-to-date demands g. надежные тормоза и рулевое управление smooth-acting clutch h. безопасность езды (вождения) silent gearbox i. бесшумная коробка передач dependable brakes and steering system j. инженер-механик 11.to subject to tests k. конструирование автомобилей Задание 2. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интернациональные слова: mechanical, mechanism, specialist, industry, phase, technology, process, laboratory, test, fact, automobile, engineer, method, principle, corrosion, type, material, comfortable. Задание 3. Прочтите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения: 1. Specialists in automobile industry deal with designing and manufacturing cars, so they should know that the production of the automobile comprises the following phases: designing, working out the technology of manufacturing processes, laboratory tests, road tests, mass production (manufacturing). 2. Why is it necessary to know all these facts? It is important to know them as before the automobile (car or truck) is put into mass production, it should be properly designed and the automobile must meet up-to-date requirements. 3. What are these requirements? The automobile must have high efficiency, long service life, driving safety, ease of maintenance and pleasant appearance. In order to obtain all these qualities engineers should develop up-to-date methods of designing cars, using new types of resistant to corrosion light materials. Also it is important to know computer science because it is intended to shorten the time between designing and manufacturing. Computers offer quick and optimal solutions of problems. But before the car is put into mass production all its units and mechanisms are subjected to tests, first in the plant's laboratory, then the car undergoes a rigid quality control in road tests. Only then the car is put into mass production. Why are these tests required? What qualities are required of the automobile? The modern automobile must be rapid in acceleration, must have smooth acting clutch, silent gearbox, dependable brakes and steering system, as well as pleasant appearance. Also it must be comfortable and have all conveniences. Задание 5. Переведите на русский язык в письменной форме абзацы 3 и 4. Задание 6. Ответить на вопросы: What phases does the production of the automobile comprise? What requirements must the automobile meet? Why are cars subjected to road tests? What qualities are required of the automobile? Why is it important for the specialists in automobile industry to know computing methods? Задание 7. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания: 1. The cars are subjected to road tests in order.... a) to shorten the time between designing and manufacturing to meet up-to-date requirements to work out new technological processes The car must have the following units.... a) high efficiency, long service life, driving safety and pleasant appearance; b) smooth acting clutch, silent gearbox dependable brakes and steering system. 3. The car must have the following qualities.... a) high efficiency, long service life, driving safety and pleasant appearance; b) smooth acting clutch, silent gearbox dependable brakes and steering system. Литература Marie Kavanagh. English for automobile industry. – Oxford Business English, 2016. Герасимова Л.Ф. Автомобиль: Учебное пособие на английском языке для студентов вузов, обучающихся по специальностям: 150200 – Автомобили и автомобильное хозяйство; 240100 – Организация перевозок и управление на транспорте; 240400 – Организация и безопасность движения. В 2 ч. – Омск: Изд-во СибАДИ, 2002.-205 с. Гниненко, А. В. Современный автомобиль как мы его видим : учебник английского языка / А.В. Гниненко. — М.: Астрель: ACT: Транзиткнига, 2005. —461, [3] е.: ил. Шляхова А.В. Английский язык для студентов автомобилестроительных специальностей средних профессиональных учебных заведений: Учеб. пособие/В.А. Шляхова. – М.: Высшая школа, 2008. – 120 с.: илл. |