Методические указания по английскому языку для студентов 1 курса. Спбгпму,2013
 Скачать 136.5 Kb.
|
The PharmacistPharmacists are healthcare professionals that deal primarily with dispensing medications and managing patient medication regimens. The pharmacist has many responsibilities. The pharmacist fills prescriptions from doctors. The pharmacist also counsels the patient about medication, side effects, and how to use the medication correctly. Another responsibility of the pharmacist is to manage and monitor patient medication profiles. Pharmacists must check for drug interactions, proper prescribing and drug safety. The pharmacist works closely with patients, physicians, and other healthcare professionals to provide medication to the patient. Roles of the pharmacist: * Reviewing and monitoring patient medication regimens * General health advice * Counseling patients about disease states and medication * Dispensing medication by prescription * Counseling patients about the best use of medication Pharmacists work in a variety of places with many different specialties. Pharmacists are often the first person patients ask for medical advice. With their position in the community and because they are very accessible, pharmacists play a major role in patient care. Pharmacists work in: * community pharmacies * hospitals * clinics * pharmaceutical companies * government offices Pharmacist specialties include: * community pharmacists * hospital pharmacists * nuclear pharmacists * clinical research pharmacists * consultant pharmacist Now choose the proper answer(s): What is a pharmacist? 1. a person who deals with medication 2. a person who consults patients 3. a person who prescribes medicine 4. a person who works in a hospital What are the two main roles of a pharmacist? 1. side effects and prescriptions review 2. safety and dosage monitoring 3. dispensing medication and managing patient medication profiles 4. checking inventory and ordering prescriptions What are the responsibilities of a pharmacist? 1. counseling patients 2. filling prescriptions 3. managing side effects 4. all of the above Which one isn't a responsibility of the pharmacist? 1. to monitor patient medication profiles 2. to diagnose diseases 3. to fill prescriptions 4. to monitor safety of medication regimen Where do pharmacists work? 1. pharmacies 2. hospitals 3. government offices 4. all of the above 6. Which is not a special field of a pharmacist’ activity? 1.counseling 2.research 3.hospital 4. medical record 7. What does a pharmacist check when checking a prescription? 1. drug interactions 2. drug safety 3. proper prescribing 4. all of the above Which is a medication order? 1. a prescription 2. a medicine side effect 3. a drug interaction 4. a drugstore Why is a pharmacist often the first person patients ask for medical advice? 1. Because they are nice. 2. Because they like questions. 3. Because of their accessibility in the community. 4. Because people like pharmacists. An important role of the pharmacist is to … a patient about medication, medication use, and side effects. 1. counsel 2. fill 3. manage 4. use 4. Group the drugs: Ointment, pills, capsules, lotion, bandage, serum, powder, tablets, syrup, cream, caplets, vaccine, gargle, jelly, plasters, spray, inhaler, mixture, drops, mustard plasters, cups, patch, IV drip.
5. Complete the sentences below with the words from the list: cubic centimeters per cent double dose ratio extra length score half dose teaspoon junior strength units milligrams Measure out the ordinary household …………. of cough mixture. If you miss one, you can catch up with a …….. later. Give the child two of the new orange-flavoured, ……… aspirins. He is a big man and needs an ……. analgesic. The drug is very strong: even just a ………. can make you drowsy. Make the solution with 100 …….. of insulin. Make up a suspension in a ……… of 10:1. Put 3.6 ………… of the powder into a litre of water. Make a 20 ……… solution with 20 grams of soluble solid and add enough water to make 100 ml. The patient has a ………. of 9 on the ranking scale for reactions to drugs. Use a syringe with a volume of 25 ……. . 6. Read this little medical joke: During a follow-up appointment, a practice nurse asked a patient how he was getting on with his medication patches. “The doctor told me to put a new patch every six hours and now I’m running out of places to put them,” he said. The nurse asked him to undress and saw that the man had fifty patches stuck on his body. Now write one sentence instructing for using the medication patches so that it could not be misunderstood 7. Discuss these questions: Should all medicines be free? Can you think of any reasons why it should be illegal to sell medicines online? Should pharmaceutical companies be banned from aggressive advertising of new drugs and giving presents to doctors? 8. You’ll read a text about antibiotics. Before reading think and answer the following questions. Start with: I believe… I think… As far as I know… 1. What do antibiotics do? 2. What antibiotics can you name? 3. Do antibiotics help with colds? Explain why. 4. What do you know about bacteria and viruses? Now read the text and explain the contents to your partner so that s/he could understand it. The partner will ask as many questions as possible about the ideas in the text Antibiotics Antibiotics are strong medications that fight infections in the body. There are many classes of antibiotics and they have different effects on bacteria. Some antibiotics weaken the cell walls. Some antibiotics block protein or DNA synthesis. Antibiotics can kill bacteria or stop them from growing. Each antibiotic has specific characteristics and they don’t work against all types of bacteria. It is important that patients know several things about antibiotics: Antibiotics don’t work against viral infections such as colds and the flu. Antibiotics don’t work against sore throat and coughs which are generally caused by viruses. It is important to finish all of the medication with antibiotics even if you feel better. If a patient doesn’t finish the prescription, it can be dangerous. Patients usually will feel better after 2 – 3 days. However, the bacteria might not be completely gone. If a patient stops taking his medication, the bacteria may grow, causing the patient to become sick again. Also, the bacteria may become resistant to the antibiotic making it more difficult to fight them. Problems can occur with antibiotics. If the patient notices a rash, swelling, or any other allergic reaction, he should stop taking the medication and contact his physician immediately. Also, if the patient has problems with nausea or vomiting, he should stop the medication and contact his physician. A more tolerable alternative might be available. Now find in the text and reproduce the information answering the questions: 1. What do antibiotics do in the body? 2. What ways do antibiotics fight bacteria? 3. Antibiotics don’t work for many common problems. Give some examples. 4. Why is it important to finish your antibiotic prescription? 8. Complete each sentence with a type of medicine: a painkiller an antihistamine a sedative a stimulant an anti-inflammatory medicine an antidepressant an inoculation a laxative an antibiotic a dietary supplement …………. kills bacteria and other germs. …………… protects you against infectious diseases. …… relieves pain. …….. reduces swelling. …….. encourages bowel movements. ……… provides a substance that the body lacks. ……. treats allergies. …….. increases activity in the body. ……… reduces feelings of extreme sadness. ……… makes you relaxed and sleepy. 9. Discuss with a partner which type of medicine you could use to treat a person with: a skin infection, a cut, an insect bite, constipation, loss of sleep, vitamin deficiency, an infectious disease, an allergy, a sore throat, a very high temperature. HOSPITAL A hospital in Britain or the United States consists of inpatient wards and ambulatory or outpatient care services. When an outpatient consultation is needed the patient comes to the ambulatory or outpatient clinic. If a patient is getting admitted to the inpatient ward s/he can stay in the hospital for several days or weeks of treatment. Some larger hospitals also have Accident and Emergency Departments (A&E - Br.) or an Emergency Room ( EMS4 - US). A patient who is getting admitted is first taken to the triage area (US), or admission department, or reception ward (Br.) where nurses take care of all the necessary procedures. They note general information about the patient: his/her name, age, job title, past medical history and the initial diagnosis made by the referring physician, in the patient’s medical record (case history). Other nurses take note of the patient’s vital signs, help him/her change into a gown and draw blood for any urgent tests. The admitting physician examines the patient, comes up with an assessment of his/her condition and plan of treatment, identifies the urgency of the case and starts appropriate therapy if necessary, for emergency cases brought by ambulance. S/he also decides which medical service (hospital unit) the patient needs to be admitted to. The day starts early in the hospital. Nurses take patients’ vital signs, take urine and gastric (digestive) juices samples, administer medications (pills and other oral drugs). They also give patients injections and IV (intravenous) infusions, perform wound care (including changing wound dressings after surgery) and other procedures as prescribed by doctors. Dayshift and nightshift nurses are always within reach to assist a patient or call a doctor. Doctors see their patients during daily morning ward rounds. They listen to patients’ complaints, examine them and follow up on their progress.. Later they discuss their patients at a conference. Doctors can prescribe a special diet or order a diagnostic investigation test, such as CT (computer tomography), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), X-ray, ultrasound scan, ECG (electrocardiogram). When the time comes, the doctor fixes the date of the patient’s discharge. Words to be remembered: Inpatient – стационарный больной; outpatient – амбулаторный больной; inpatient ward – стационарное отделение; ambulatory = outpatient care service – служба (отделение) амбулаторной помощи; admit to – принимать в; get admitted to - быть принятым в; several – несколько; accident – несчастный случай; emergency – критическая, чрезвычайная ситуация; triage area – место «сортировки» больных при поступлении в больницу в США, то же, что admission department = reception ward – приемный покой в Британии; take care of – заботиться о, care – уход, забота, медицинская помощь; note = take notes of – отмечать письменно, записывать; general – общий; medical history – анамнез; initial – первоначальный; vital signs – жизненно-важные признаки; (hospital) gown – больничный халат; draw blood – брать (вытягивать) кровь – take blood; urgent – срочный, urgency - неотложность; assess – оценивать, assessment – оценка; appropriate = proper – надлежащий; ambulance – машина скорой помощи; unit – отделение; gastric = digestive juice – желудочный (пищеварительный) сок; administer – назначать и применять назначенное; IV (intravenous) infusion – внутривенное вливание, give an IV infusion – ставить капельницу; perform – выполнять; change – менять, переодевать; shift – смена; within reach – в пределах досягаемости; ward round – обход палат; ward – палата; follow up – следить длительно; order – заказывать, order an investigation or a test – назначить исследование или тест; ultrasound scan - УЗИ. 1. a) Give an opposite to each of the following words: internal - outpatient - in-patient wards – inner – breathe in – exhale – upper – improper – discharge – out of reach dayshift b) Fill in the gaps with the correct word(s) from the list above: 1. At … … patients come to see the doctor. 2. At … … … doctors come to see the patient. 3. A GP5 can palpate … organs to check their size and shape. 4. Drugs should always be kept … of children. 5. Ointment and cream are for … use only. 6. He is well now and can be … from the hospital. 7. Phonendoscope is a … instrument to listen to a patient’s heart. 8. When listening to the lungs the doctor asks to … … and hold the breath. 9. Phonendoscope intensifies the sound produced by the lungs when the patient … ... and out. 10. When a person is ill the … layer of the tongue may be coated. 2. a) Give synonyms to the following: admitting physician hospital unit ambulatory service an urgent case draw blood for test triage area stay in hospital prescribe treatment apply mustard plasters carry out procedures note in the medical record GP receive a sick-leave case history determine digestive juice medication b)Replace the underlined word phrases with their synonyms: 1. The doctor administered me this medicine. 2. The patient had his gastric juice taken for a test. 3. Has the nurse carried out the procedure? 4. Yesterday she remained at home because she had a stomachache. 5. My physician referred me to have blood taken for a test. 6. Did you administer mustard plasters to your back? 7. The patient was brought to the reception ward. 8. The admitting doctor examined the emergency case. 9. The nurse noted the patient’s vital signs in the medical record. 10. I need the outpatient care unit. 11. She got the blood test findings. 3 Make up questions in response to the following phrases using the words given in brackets. Let your classmate answer it: 1. In the hospital patients are not allowed to take the medicines themselves. (Why?) 2. A hospital in Britain or the United States consists of two departments. (What?) 3. Doctors can prescribe a special diet or order a diagnostic investigation test, such as electrocardiogram, computer tomography, ultrasound scan. (Why?) 4. The nurses on duty gave patients intramuscular and intravenous injections and all the prescribed remedies. (When?) 5. Medicine is made in various forms convenient to use, (What forms..?) 6. It is important not to confuse one drug with another. (Why?) 7. Every pack of medicine has something to mark it. (How?) 8. Nurses take patients` vital signs. (What signs..?) 9. The ward doctors examine their patients during the daily rounds. (Where?) 10. Before using the medicine the patient must know well that he is taking the proper drug and in the necessary dosage. (Why?) 4. Complete the following sentences: 1. The patient comes to the ambulatory or outpatient clinic when he …..an outpatient consultation. 2. The nurse on duty filled in the patient`s…… . 3. The ……of the person was quite obvious even without an examination. 4. In hospital doctors see their patient during their….. . 5. Hospitals in Britain or in the United States consists of….. . 6. Doctors listen to patients` complaints, examine them and ... … . 7. Nightshift and dayshift nurses are always within reach to …… . 8. Nurses also give patients injections, perform wound care including …… . 9. Some patients are to follow a diet to relieve ….. . 10. Doctors of the reception ward also decide which medical service the patient needs to be …… . 5. Fill in the gaps with the correct verb tense form (active or passive): 1. Different drugs for intramuscular and intravenous injections (to sell) at a chemist`s. 2. A person usually (to go) to a chemist`s shop when he (need) a medicine. 3. Yesterday my mother went to a pharmacy and (buy) a small box of medicine with a blue label on it. 4, A physical examination (to be) important to know the prognosis of the disease. 5. Last month my sister (to admit) to the inpatient ward because she was severely ill. 6. This emergency case (to examine) on admission. 7. All the general information about the patient is to (to note) in the medical record. 8. After the nurse (to take the vital signs) of this urgent case she told the doctor her findings. 9. The ultra-sound scan was necessary as it was (to confirm) the diagnosis. 10. Instrumental investigations (to order) by the doctor to diagnose the case more carefully. 6. a) Complete the test results with the phrases below abnormally high low-pitched medium-sized precancerous slightly alkaline slower than average You can hear a _________ diastolic murmur between heartbeats. Analysis shows an __________ number of WBCs in the sample drawn from the vein. We did a mid-stream collection and found a ___________ pH of 8.0. A ________ ventricular rate of 69 bpm indicating possible myocardial infarction. We’ve had a look inside the duodenum and identified a ________ colony of H. pylori. The Path lab’s analysis of the sample says that you have a _________ mole on your mid-upper back. b) Match each completed result in test above with the one below Acidity of urine d. Blood test Biopsy e. ECG / EKG (heart) Auscultation f. Endoscopy 7. a) Scan the text and say in a few words what it is about |