Методические указания по устным экзаменационным темам для студентов всех форм обучения
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I. Vocabulary: 1. allow – позволять 2. appear – появляться 3. design – проектировать, конструировать, разрабатывать 4. dot-and-dash alphabet – азбука Морзе 5. exchange information – обмениваться информацией 6. internal combustion engine – двигатель внутреннего сгорания 7. invent – изобретать 8. named after – назван в честь 9. penetrate – проникать 10. reliable – надежный 11. revolving barrel – вращающийся барабан 12. stockholder – акционер 13. solution – раствор II. Read the text: As the years go forward our life becomes faster, our mind develops, and a lot of new things appear. Many centuries ago people even couldn't imagine that we would be able to exchange information using telephone, Internet and they couldn't think that there are a lot of planets except our earth and that people can fly there. Nowadays we cannot imagine our life without such inventions as lamps, ovens, central heating and others. For centuries people have been inventing things to make our life easier, longer, warmer, and speedier. But only few inventors are able to design a product which becomes so well-known that it is named after its creator. Samuel Colt was an American. He lived in the 19th century. In 1836 he designed and patented a pistol. It was a pistol with a revolving barrel that could fire six bullets one after another. It was the first pistol of its kind. Rudolf Diesel was a German engineer. He was born in 1858 and died in 1913. In 1897 he invented a new internal combustion engine. This engine is known as a diesel and it began a transport revolution in cars, lorries, trains and ships. The main advantage of diesels is that they run on rather cheap fuel. Samuel Finley Morse was born in 1791. He died in 1872. He was a portrait painter. Then he became an inventor. For twelve years he tried to perfect the telegraph and he was a success. Later he invented the telegraphic dot-and-dash alphabet known as Morse code. Charles Mackintosh lived from 1766 to 1843. He lived in Scotland and was a chemist by profession. He worked in a textile industry. In 1823 he developed a rubber solution. This rubber solution was used for raincoats production. Such raincoats didn’t allow water to penetrate. These raincoats were called mackintoshes. Charles Rolls was born in 1881 in Great Britain. He died in 1910.He was an aristocrat and businessman. He was especially interested in cars. Once he met another enthusiast of cars Henry Royce. Henry Royce was a famous car engineer. They decided to design the most comfortable and reliable car. At the beginning of the 20th century it seemed to be a fantasy. But they worked hard and at last in 1907 they created the world-famous Rolls-Royce car. It was so comfortable and reliable that one of the models of Rolls-Royce cars “Silver Ghost” hadn’t changed greatly for 20 years since 1907. Gottlieb Daimler and Charles Benz were two inventors. They lived in Germany. They were both interested in car production. At the end of the 19th century each of them designed a car. At the same time they organized two independent firms to produce them. All cars produced by the firm of Daimler were called “Mercedes”. Mercedes was a daughter’s name of one of the stockholders of the firm. This man saved the firm of Daimler from financial crisis at the beginning of the 20th century. But after the World War I the firm met with financial difficulties again. This time it had to join the firm of Benz. Since that time all the cars produced by the firm “Daimler-Benz” have been called “Mercedes-Benz”. The question about technical progress is supposed to be very wide and it's impossible to say about all inventions. The only thing we know is that we will never return to the life which people lived a lot of centuries ago. III. Answer the following questions: 1. Where was Samuel Colt from? 2. What did Colt invent? 3. Who invented the internal combustion engine? 4. What is the main advantage of the diesel engine? 5. Did Edison invent the telegraphic dot-and-dash alphabet? 6. What kind of solution did Mackintosh use for raincoats production? 7. Who invented one of the most reliable and comfortable cars “Silver Ghost”? 8. Why did Daimler choose the name “Mercedes” for his cars? 9. What made Daimler join the firm of Benz? 10. Will there ever be an end to the technological progress? IV. Complete the sentences: 1. As the years go forward … . 2. Nowadays we cannot imagine our life … … 3. But only few inventors … 4. It was a pistol with a …. 5. This engine … . 6. For twelve years he tried … . 7. Such raincoats didn’t allow water … . 8. At the same time they organized …. 9. … from financial crisis at the beginning of the 20th century. 10. The question about technical progress … V. Translate words from Russian into English: Двигатель внутреннего сгорания, финансовый кризис, азбука Морзе, недорогое топливо, проникать, акционер, изобретать, надежный, центральное отопление, производить, присоединиться, вращающийся барабан, совершенствовать, названный в честь. VI. Speaking. 1. What other inventors and inventions do you know? 2. Does such invention as TV do more harm or good? TOPIC № 9 THE ROLE OF COMPUTERS IN OUR LIFE I. Vocabulary: 1. application – применение 2. apply – применять, использовать 3. benefit – извлекать пользу, выгоду 4. common place – общее место 5. computer-generated – созданный компьютером 6. conventional – обыкновенный, традиционный 7. computer terminal – компьютерный терминал 8. increase – увеличивать 9. inquiry – запрос 10. operate – работать 11. optical scanning – оптическое сканирование 12. productivity – продуктивность 13. society – общество 14. store information – хранить информацию 15. tomography – томография 16. tool – инструмент 17. traffic – дорожное движение 18. transition – переход 19. withdrawal – снятие денег 20. work force – рабочая сила II. Read the text: At present a great deal of the work force of most countries is engaged in creating, processing, storing, communicating and just working with information. Computers have become commonplace in homes, offices, stores, schools, research institutes, plants. The use of computers in business, industry and communication services is widespread today. Computer-controlled robots are able to improve the quality of manufactured products and to increase the productivity of industry. Computers can control the work of power stations, plants and docks. They help in making different decisions and in management of economy. The work of banks depends upon computer terminals for millions of daily operations. Without these terminals, records of deposits and withdrawals would be difficult to maintain, and it would be impossible to make inquiries about the current status of customer accounts. Computers form a part of many military systems including communication and fire control. They are applied for automatic piloting and automatic navigation. Space exploration depends on computers for guidance, on-board environment and research. Computers find application in astronomy and upper atmosphere research. Weather forecasting, library information services can benefit from computers too. It is interesting to note that computers are widely used in medicine. They became valuable medical diagnostic tools. Computers are used for optical scanning and image processing, ranging from pattern recognition to image processing. Technicians can operate computer tomography scanners that combine x-rays with computer technology to give sectional views of the body of patients. The views then can be combined into a single image shown on the screen. It should be noticed that learning on a computer can be fun. Students spend more time with computer-aided instruction performing the assigned task, as compared with conventional classroom. At last air traffic control is impossible without computer application. It fully depends upon computer-generated information. Many other uses of computers that we cannot imagine at present will become commonplace in the transition from an industrial, to post industrial, or information society. III. Match English and Russian equivalents:
IV. Complete the sentences: The use of computers in business, industry and communication services … . Computers are applied for ... . 3) Technicians can operate computer tomography scanners... . 4) Students spend more time with ... . 5) The work of banks depends upon ... . 6) Air traffic control is impossible... . 7) Computer-controlled robots are able ... . 8) Space exploration depends on computers... . 9) Computers have become commonplace ... . 10) It is interesting to note that ... . V. Define if the statement is false or true: 1. Computers are rarely met in homes, offices, stores, schools, research institutes and plans. 2. Computer terminals provide millions of daily operations in banks. 3. Computers are almost never used for space exploration. 4. Weather forecasting, library information services can benefit from calculators. 5. Computers are not used as medical diagnostic tools. 6. Air traffic control is impossible without computer application. VI. Answer the following questions: 1. What processes having deal with information are most countries engaged in? 2. What are computer-controlled robots able to do? 3. Does the work of banks depend on computer terminals? 4. What functions do computers do for banks? 5. Are computers widely or rarely used for forming a part of military systems? 6. What functions do computers do for military system and space exploration? 7. Computers are widely used in medicine, aren’t they? 8. What are they used for in medicine? 9. Are computers an essential part of information society? VIII. Express your opinion about the information read. Give additional facts and information on this problem. Topic № 10 ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION Vocabulary: 1. absorb - поглощать 2. acid rains – кислотные дожди 3. chemical fertilizers – удобрения 4. depletion – уменьшение 5. disastrous consequences – гибельные последствия 6. emission – выброс 7. environment – окружающая среда 8. greenhouse effect – парниковый эффект 9. overpopulation – перенаселение 10. oxygen balance – кислородный баланс 11. ozone layer – озоновый слой 12. persuade enterprises – убедить предприятия 13. pesticides - пестициды 14. pollute – загрязнять 15. pollution – загрязнение 16. threaten – угрожать 17. wastes – отходы II. Read the text: Many years ago people lived in harmony with the environment and it seemed to them that natural resources were unlimited. But with the development of civilization man’s interference in the nature began to increase. Today our planet is in serious danger. Acid rains, global warming, air and water pollution, and overpopulation are the problems that threaten human lives on the Earth. The official number of people on our planet is 6,000,000,000 (six billion)! Every new person added to the planet needs food, water, clothes and fuel. The more people mean more cars, roads, factories, electricity. People throw away more litter and cut down more trees. Our planet becomes more and more polluted. Every year the world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1000 million tons of dust and other harmful substances. Many cities suffer from smog. These emissions have disastrous consequences for our planet. They are the main reasons for the greenhouse effect and acid rains. Vast forests are cut down and burn in fires. Their disappearance upsets the oxygen balance. As a result some rare species of animals, birds and plants disappear forever. The rivers and seas are in danger. They are filled with poison: industrial and nuclear waste, chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The Mediterranean is already nearly dead; the North Sea is following. If nothing is done about it, one day nothing will be able to live in the seas. Every ten minutes one kind of animal, plant or insect dies out forever. One more danger comes from the depletion of the ozone layer, which absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. If it continues, it will damage all living organisms on our planet. The pollution of the air and the world ocean, destruction of the ozone layer are the results of man`s careless interaction with nature, a sign of ecological crises. Fortunately, it’s not too late to solve these problems. We have time, money and even technology to make our planet a better, cleaner and safer place. There are state organizations and international conventions which pay much attention to this problem. There is a science, named ecology, which studies the relation between people and their environment. People are beginning to realize that environmental problems are not somebody else's. Each of us can plant trees and create parks for endangered animals. We can recycle our wastes; persuade enterprises to stop polluting activities, because we must do everything possible to keep our environment clean for ourselves and for the next generations. III. True or false: 1. People have long thought of the environment as a limited source of resources. 2. One of the main problems of the environment is depletion of the ozone layer which absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. 3. The Aral Sea is already dead. 4. A million species of animals, birds and fish have already appeared on our planet. 5. Big cities face the environmental catastrophe. 6. We can not recycle our wastes. 7. We have time, money and even technology to make our planet clean. IV. Answer the questions: 1. What is older: nature or mankind? 2. What have people thought of the environment? 3. What are the main ecological problems? 4. What happens to forests on the planet? 5. Why did some species of animals, birds, plants disappear from the Earth? 6. What is the result of man`s careless attitude to the nature? 7. What do people of different countries do to save our planet? V. Find the English equivalents in the text: защита окружающей среды, кислотные дожди, вмешательство человека, вредные вещества, разрушение озонового слоя, редкие виды животных и растений, химические удобрения и пестициды, обращать внимание на проблему, государственные организации, сохранить окружающую среду. VI. Fill in the gaps: 1. Today our planet is … . 2. More people mean … . 3. … is 6,000,000,000 (six billion)! 4. Every year world industry … . 5. These emissions have … . 6. … is already dead. 7. The rivers and seas are filled … . 8. … dies out forever. 9. The pollution of the air and the world ocean, destruction of the ozone layer is … . 10. People are beginning to realize … . VII. Speaking. 1. How many people live in your city? Does it influence the ecological situation? 2. What can you say about environment problems in your city? 3. Do you do anything to solve environment problems? What? БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ 1. Кошманова И.И, Енгалычева Н.А. Устные темы по английскому языку: Пособие. – М.: Издат – школа. Райл, 2001. 2. Мюллер В.К. Новый англо-русский словарь. – М.: Издательство «Русский язык», 2013. 3. Орловская И.В., Самсонова Л.С., Скубриева А.И. Учебник английского языка для студентов технических университетов и вузов. – М.: Изд-во МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, 2011. 4. Полякова Т.Ю, Синявская Е.И., Тынкова О.И., Улановская Э.С. Английский язык для инженеров: Учебник. – М.: Высш. шк., 2009. 5. Цветкова И.В., Клепальченко И.А. Английский язык. Устный экзамен: Пособие.- М.: Глосса, 2004. 6. John and Liz Soars. New Headway. - Oxford University Press, 2010. Составители: Тамара Александровна Галицына Ольга Владимировна Мозговая Наталья Станиславовна Хван Редактор Е.М. Марносова Темплан 2014г. Позиция № ______ Лицензия ИД № 04790 от 18.05.2001 Подписано в печать ___________ Формат 60*84 1/16 Бумага газетная. Печать офсетная. Усл. печ. л. ______ Уч.-изд. л. ______ Тираж ______ экз. Заказ ______. Волгоградский государственный технический университет 400131 Волгоград, просп. им. В.И. Ленина, 28 РПК «Политехник» Волгоградского государственного технического университета 400131 Волгоград, ул. Советская, 35. |