Read the information about good manners accepted in Europe. What is new to you?
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Manners
The manners appeared for a practical purpose. For example, when two men met, they extended their right hands – and eventually shook them – to show that they were not carrying weapons. A handshake served as a display of friendship, or at least to demonstrate a lack of hostility.
The manners used in much of the Western world have common antecedents; they have evolved in different ways in different places. These are some general ones:
Quiet, modest behavior is always appreciated.
Never meet, greet or talk to someone with your hands in your pockets.
Humor is very local. It is best to avoid “telling a joke”.
Do not chew gum in public.
Always use “please” and “thank you” – in the local language if possible.
Never put your feet on furniture.
Do not eat while walking in the streets.
Show respect for others’ habits and customs.
Do not talk about money – yours or theirs.
Do not point or beckon with your index finger.
Do not ask for a tour of someone’s home.
Never wander uninvited into the “private” rooms of someone’s home.
Respect the privacy and dignity of others at all times; when in doubt, put yourself in their place.
Some good topics of conversation
Food and wine
Art and music
Sports
Cars
Politics (ask questions but never make a judgmental statement about their political system or a particular politician)
Do not discuss
Salary
Where someone lives
Marital status
Educational level
Smoking etiquette
Never smoke anyplace at any time without asking permission of your host, other guests, office colleagues, restaurant personnel, or anyone present who might object to sharing the environment with a smoker.
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Preview
Answer the questions. Then talk about your answers.
Do you have to pass examinations before you enter the university? How many?
Is the tuition free if you go to university?
Do most students enter the university at the age of 18?
How long do most courses last?
What do you know about postgraduate courses in Russia?
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I. READING
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Read and translate the text
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EDUCATION IN BRITAIN
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If you want to go to university, you must first pass examinations that most students take at the age of eighteen. They are called “A” levels. Most students take three “A” levels in three different subjects. To get a place at university you must pass the exams well, because the number of places is limited. At the moment, about 40 % of young people go to university in Britain. 
When you get a place at university, the tuition is free, that means you don’t have to pay for the teaching. Some students may also get a grant. Grant is the money to pay for living expenses – food and accommodation. Students at universities are called undergraduates while they are studying for their first degree.
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Most Bachelor programs last for three years, some can continue for four, and some may be even longer – medicine, for example. The students can say they are doing law or studying for a degree in law. When they finish the course and successfully pass their examinations they receive a degree. This can be Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (BSc), Bachelor of Engineering (BEng) or Bachelor of Law. 
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If you want to continue your education, you can do a second course – postgraduate course. Such students are called postgraduates and they are studying for a Master’s degree. The course also consists of lectures, seminars and practical studies and goes on for one or two years. You can get a Master of Arts (MA), Master of Science (MSc) or Master of Philosophy (MPhil) degree. 
To obtain a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree you must study for two more years during which you conduct research on some subject, publish the results in scientific journals and write a research paper. You have a research advisor who helps you with your work.
Bachelor of Arts (BA)
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Бакалавр искусств
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Bachelor of Science (BSc)
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Бакалавр науки
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Bachelor of Engineering (BEng)
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Бакалавр инженерии
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Bachelor of Law
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Бакалавр права
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Master of Arts (MA)
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Магистр искусств
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Master of Science (MSc)
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Магистр науки
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Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
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Магистр философии
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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Доктор философии
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-
1. to go to [ˈentə] the university
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поступать в университет
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2. to pass [pɑːs] an examination
You must first pass examinations.
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сдавать экзамен
Сначала Вы должны сдать экзамены.
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3. limited [ˈlɪmɪtɪd]
the number of places is limited
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ограниченный
число мест ограничено
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4. tuition [tjuːˈɪʃn]
The tuition is free.
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обучение
Обучение бесплатно.
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5. grant [ɡrɑːnt]
Students may also get a grant.
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грант
Студенты могут также получить грант.
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6. living expenses [ˈlɪvɪŋɪkˈspensɪz]
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расходы на проживание
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7. undergraduate [ˌʌndəˈɡrædjuət]
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студент-бакалавр
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8. degree [dɪˈɡriː]
Master’s degree
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степень
степень магистра
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9. to last [lɑːst]
Most courses last for three years.
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длиться
Большинство курсов длятся три года.
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10. to continue [kənˈtɪnjuː]
Some can continue for four years.
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продолжаться
Некоторые продолжаются четыре года.
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11. postgraduate [ˌpəʊstˈɡrædʒuət]
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магистрант/аспирант
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12. to conduct research
[kənˈdʌkt rɪˈsɜːtʃ]
to conduct research on
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проводить исследования
проводить исследования по теме
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13. to publish [ˈpʌblɪʃ]
to publish the results in scientific journals
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публиковать
публиковать результаты в научных журналах
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14. research advisor
[rɪˈsɜːtʃ ədˈvaɪzər]
My research advisor is a PhD.
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научный руководитель
Мой научный руководитель – доктор философии.
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What are the examinations to go to university called?
At what age do young people pass them?
What is the percentage of people getting higher education in Britain at the moment?
Is the tuition free for everybody when you go to university?
What is a grant?
What is an undergraduate?
How long do most Bachelor programs at university last?
What is the first university degree?
What is the second university degree?
What should you do to obtain Doctor’s degree?
Choose the correct word or word combination
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Most students take …”A” levels.
a) 2
b) 4
c) 3
2. The number of places at universities is … .
a) free
b) limited
c) vacant
3. At the moment, about … of young people go to university in Britain.
a) 40%
b) 50%
c) 30%
4. The money to pay for living expenses – food and accommodation – is called …
a) tuition
b) a grant
c) education
5. Students, studying for their first degree, are called … .
a) masters
b) postgraduates
c) undergraduates
6. Students are called postgraduates when they are studying for a … .
a) Master’s degree
b) Bachelor’s degree
c) Doctor’s degree
7. To obtain a PhD degree you must conduct … on some subject.
a) research
b) education
c) career
If you want to go to university, you must first pass ……………………………..
Most students take three ……………………....... in three different subjects.
To get a place at university you must pass the exams …………………...……...
At the moment, about 40 % of …………………. go to university in Britain.
When you get a place at university, the .................................................. is free.
Some students may also get a …………………………………….……………...
Students are called undergraduates while they are studying for their first ….......
Most university courses ……………………………………... for three years.
When they ………...………... pass their examinations they receive a degree.
Students are called ………… while they are studying for a Master’s degree.
To obtain a PhD degree you must study for …………….……… more years.
You have a …………………………..……… who helps you with your work.
Match the words with their Russian equivalents
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Bachelor of Arts (BA)
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магистр в области естественных наук
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tuition
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публиковать результаты
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publish the results
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продолжаться
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accommodation
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бакалавр в области гуманитарных наук
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research advisor
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обучение
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practical studies
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жилье
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Master of Science (MSc)
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научный руководитель
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continue
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практические занятия
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Give the English equivalents
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поступить в университет …………………………………………….………….
по трем разным предметам …………………………………………………......
число мест ограничено ………………………………………………………….
вам не нужно платить за обучение …………………………………………….
некоторые могут длиться дольше, например, медицина …………………......
……………………………………………………………………………….…….
учиться для получения степени в юриспруденции …………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………….
вы можете получить степень магистра в области гуманитарных наук………
……………………………………………………………………………….…….
лекции, семинары и практические занятия ……………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….
написать научно-исследовательскую работу …………………………..…….
научный руководитель помогает ………………………………………….…...
Match the words with their English definitions
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1. to enter
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a. products you eat
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2. successfully
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b. to go on, to continue
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3. to last
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c. study of a subjects in detail
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4. undergraduates
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d. highest scientific degree
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5. Doctor of Philosophy
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e. very well
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6. research
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f. to carry out
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7. food
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g. to go to university
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8. to conduct
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h. students at university
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TRANSLATE
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Для того чтобы получить место в университете, нужно сдать три экзамена.
………..……………………………………………………………………………...… .
Большинство студентов платят за обучение, так как число бесплатных мест ограничено. ………………………………….…………………………………………
…………………………………………………………….………………………...… .
В настоящий момент около 40 процентов молодых людей Великобритании учатся в университетах. ……………………………………………………………...
…...………………………………………………………………….………………… .
Некоторые студенты могут получить грант. …………………….……………….
...……………………………………………………………………….……………… .
Некоторые курсы обучения в университете длятся дольше всех, например медицина. ………………………………………………………………………….. …...……………………………………………………………………….…………… .
Вы можете получить степень бакалавра искусств или науки. ……….………...
……...…………………………………………………………………………….…… .
Если Вы хотите, Вы можете продолжить своё образование и поступить в магистратуру. …………………………………………………………………….……
……...…………………………………………………………………………….…… .
Курс обучения также состоит из лекций, семинаров и практических занятий. ………………………………………………………………………………….………..
………...………………………………………………………………………….…… .
Для получения степени доктора философии нужно учиться еще 1-2 года и написать исследовательскую работу. ……………………………………………….
……………...……………………………………………………………….………… .
У Вас будет научный руководитель, который поможет вам в Вашей научной работе. ………………………………………………………………………………….
…...…………………………………………………………………….……………… .
Compare two systems of higher education – British and Russian
Read and reproduce the dialogue
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Josh: You seem to know your way around campus. Have you been here long?
Ellen: I am a senior literature major. I will be graduating next June.
Josh: Your major is literature? Mine is too! But I’m just beginning my work in my major. You see, I just transferred to this university from junior college.
Ellen: Well, that’s great. Can I help you?
Josh: Perhaps you could tell me about the courses you’ve got to take for a literature major?
Ellen: Well, for a literature major you need to take eight courses, three required courses and five electives. First, you have to take “Survey of World Literature, Parts One and Two”. This is really two courses, and it’ll take two semesters and it’s required for all literature majors. The other course required for all literature majors is “Introduction into Literary Analysis”
Josh: You mean, if I want to specialize in American literature, I still must take two semesters of World Literature?
Ellen: Yes, because the two semesters are required for all literature majors.
Josh: But I only want to study American literature!
Ellen: At least you can take all of your five elective courses in the area that you want.
Josh: That’s what I’ll do then.
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Preview
Answer the questions. Then talk about your answers.
Have you ever made a business trip abroad?
Do you think knowing English is enough to have business with foreigners?
What do you know about customs of different countries?
What countries do you think have strictest rules of etiquette: eastern or western?
What is the main topic of conversation between strangers in Russia?
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Read and translate the text
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INTERNATIONAL ETIQUETTE
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Travelling to all corners of the world gets easier and easier. We live in a global village, but how well do we know and understand each other? Here is a simple test. Imagine you have arranged a meeting at four o’clock. What time should you expect your foreign business colleagues to arrive? If they are German, they’ll bang on time. If they are American, they’ll probably be 15 minutes early. If they are British, they’ll be 15 minutes late, and you should allow up to an hour for the Italians. 
When the first books giving advice on international etiquette appeared, the British thought this was a joke, because they assumed that the understanding of their language meant a corresponding understanding of English customs. Very soon they realized that they had a lot to learn about how to behave with their foreign business friends. And here are some examples:
The British are happy to have a business lunch and discuss business matters with a drink during the meal; the Japanese prefer not to work while eating. Lunch is a time to relax and get to know one another, and they rarely drink at lunchtime. The Germans like to talk business before dinner, the French like to eat first and talk afterwards.
Taking off your jacket and rolling up your sleeves is a sign of getting down to work in Britain and Holland, but in Germany people regard it as taking it easy.
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The Japanese have perhaps the strictest rules of social and business behavior. Seniority is very important, and a younger man should never be sent to complete a business deal with an older Japanese man. You should not expect the Japanese to shake hands when greeting someone. Bowing the head is a mark of respect and the first bow of the day should be lower than when you meet thereafter. 
The Americans prefer to be casual and more informal than the Japanese, as illustrated by the universal “Have a nice day!” The British are cool and reserved. The great topic of conversation between strangers in Britain is the weather – unemotional and impersonal. In America, the main topic between strangers is the search to find a geographical link. “You really live in Ohio? I had an uncle who once worked there”.
to arrange [əˈreɪndʒ]
I have arranged a meeting at four o’clock.
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договориться, организовать
Я организовал встречу в четыре часа.
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business colleagues [ˈbɪznɪs ˈkɔli:ɡz]
He has some business colleagues in Sweden.
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коллеги по бизнесу
У него несколько коллег по бизнесу в Швеции.
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etiquette [ˈetɪket]
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этикет
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to assume [əˈsju:m]
They assumed that it was a joke.
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считать, полагать
Они посчитали это шуткой.
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corresponding [ˌkɔrɪsˈpɔndɪŋ]
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соответствующий
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to behave [bɪˈheɪv]
They don’t know how to behave with foreigners.
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вести себя
Они не знают как вести себя с иностранцами.
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matter [ˈmætə]
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проблема, дело
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rarely [ˈrɛəlɪ]
The Japanese rarely drink at lunchtime.
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редко
Японцы редко пьют во время обеда.
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to get down [ɡet daun] to smth.
Let’s get down to business.
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приступить
Давайте приступим к делу.
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to regard [rɪˈɡɑ:d]
She regarded it as a compliment.
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расценивать
Она расценила это как комплимент.
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strict [strɪkt]
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строгий
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behavior [bɪˈheɪvjə]
The rules of social behavior in Japan are very strict.
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поведение
Правила поведения в общесте в Японии очень строгие.
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seniority [ˌsi:nɪˈɔrɪtɪ]
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старшинство
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to complete [kəmˈpli:t]
They couldn’t complete the deal.
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завершить
Они не смогли завершить сделку.
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bow [bau]
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поклон
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casual [ˈkæʒjuəl]
The Americans are casual and informal.
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легкий в общении
Американцы легкие и непринужденные в общении.
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reserved [rɪˈzə:vd]
They are very reserved.
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сдержанный
Они очень сдержанные.
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conversation [ˌkɔnvəˈseɪʃən]
It is hard to start a conversation with a foreigner for me.
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разговор
Мне трудно начать разговор с иностранцем.
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link [lɪŋk]
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связующее звено
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What does “we live in a global village” mean?
If you arranged a meeting at 4, when do the Italians probably arrive?
Why did the British regard the first books giving advice on international etiquette as a joke?
Why do the Japanese prefer not work while eating?
What is very important in Japan to complete a business deal?
What is a mark of respect in Japan?
What is the main topic of conversation between strangers in America and in Great Britain?
Choose the correct word or word combination:
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If you arranged a meeting with your German business colleagues, they will probably ...
be 15 minutes early
bang on time
be 15 minutes late
When the first books giving advice on international etiquette appeared, the ... thought this was a joke.
British
Japanese
Americans
The Japanese prefer not to ... while eating.
laugh
talk
work
A younger man should never be sent to ... a business deal with an older Japanese man.
discuss
start
complete
The first ... of the day should be lower than when you meet thereafter.
bow
kiss
hug
The British are cool and ... .
reserved
strict
pleasant
In America, the main topic between strangers is the ... .
weather
geographical link
political situation
Complete the sentences using the words from the box:
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German American British Italians French Japanese
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The ....................................are happy to have a business lunch.
The .................................... like to eat first and talk afterwards.
The ........................ have perhaps the strictest rules of social and business behavior.
The ................................... prefer to be casual and more informal than the Japanese.
You should allow up to an hour for the ..................................... .
If they are ................................................., they’ll bang on time.
Match the words with their Russian equivalents
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seniority
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непринужденный
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informal
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дела бизнеса
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bang on time
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незнакомцы
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corresponding
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обычаи
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customs
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международный этикет
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international etiquette
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редко
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business deal
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появиться как раз вовремя
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strangers
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соответствующий
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rarely
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сделка
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business matters
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старшинство
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Give the English equivalents:
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организовать встречу ………………………………………………….….…...
советы по международному этикету ……………………………….…….…..
понимание английских обычаев ………………………………………………………..
вести себя правильно …………………………………………………….……
обсуждать дела бизнеса за обедом …………………………………….…….
приступить к работе …………………………………………………….……...
расслабиться …………………………………………………………….……...
Вы не должны ожидать …………………………………………….………….
“Хорошего дня!” …………………………………………………………….....
Prove the following statements:
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The Japanese have perhaps the strictest rules of social and business behavior.
The Germans are very punctual and businesslike.
The Americans are very sociable.
Match the following English words with their definitions:
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rarely
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partners, co-workers
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conversation
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organize
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corresponding
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think, expect
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assume
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severe, tough
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etiquette
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chat, discussion
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arrange
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like, analogous
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strict
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code, protocol
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colleagues
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seldom, not often
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1. На какое время Вы назначили встречу с зарубежными коллегами по бизнесу? ...........................................................................................................................................
2. Предполагается, что высококвалифицированные инженеры должны иметь соответствующие знания физики и математики. .........................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
3. Они совсем не знают как вести себя с коллегами из африканских стран. ........…
...........................................................................................................................................
4. В Европе люди редко пьют алкогольные напитки в дневное время. .................
...........................................................................................................................................
5. После долгих выходных очень тяжело приступить к работе. ................................
...........................................................................................................................................
6. В восточных странах старшинство имеет большое значение. ...............................
...........................................................................................................................................
7. Правила социального поведения должны воспитываться в ребенке с раннего возраста. ...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
8. Много лет назад американская непринужденность в поведении шокировала сдержанных британцев. .................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
Read the tips for travelers and discuss them. Do you find them strange? Can you think of your own examples?
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In France you shouldn’t sit down in a café until you’ve shaken hands with everyone you know.
In Afghanistan you should spend at least five minutes saying hello.
In Pakistan you mustn’t wink. It is offensive.
In the Middle East you must never use the left hand for greeting, eating, drinking or smoking. Also, you should take care not to admire anything in your hosts’ home. They will think that they have to give it to you.
In Russia you must match your hosts drink for drink or they will think you are unfriendly.
In Thailand you should clasp your hands together and lower your head and eyes when you greet someone.
In America you should eat your hamburger with both hands and as quickly as possible. You shouldn’t try to have a conversation until it is eaten.
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The Conference
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Preview
Answer the questions. Then talk about your answers.
Have you ever taken part in a conference?
What does it take to get ready for a conference?
What was the most interesting or difficult part of your participation?
Would you like to take part in an international conference? What problems do you think you will face?
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I. READING
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Read and translate the text
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THE CONFERENCE
The main reasons for researchers to |
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