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Part of alveoles of a preterm infant didn't spread because of enhanced elastic recoil of lungs. How can this recoil be reduced? By artificial pulmonary ventilation By glycose introduction By pure oxygene inhalation @By surfactant introduction By fluid suction from the respiratory tracts # 2 Lung of premature infant biopsy material presented. Collapse of the alveolar wall caused by the deficiency of surfactant was revealed. Which cell type dysfunction of the alveolar wall has been caused it? @Pneumocyte type 2 Fibroblast Pneumocyte type 1 Macrophage Adipose cell # 3 A lung of a premature infant biopsy material presented. Collapse of the alveolar wall caused by the deficiency of surfactant was revealed. Disfunction of what cells of the alveolar wall caused it? Secretory cells Alveolar macrophages @Alveocytes type II Alveocytes type I Fibroblasts # 4 After breathing with poisonous steams there is an increased quantity of slime in respiratory passages of a chemical production worker. What of respiratory tract epithelial cells participate in mucousa moistening? @Goblet cells Endocrine cells Fibroblasts Intercalated cells Langergans cells # 5 Decreased blood supply to the organs causes hypoxia that activates fibroblasts function. Volume of what elements is increased in this case? @Intercellular substance Parenchymatous elements of the organ Vessels of microcircular stream Lymphatic vessels Nerve elements # 6 A patient after pathological process has a thickened alveolar membrane. The direct consequence of the process will be the reduction of: Reserve expiratiory capacity Oxygen capacity of blood Minute respiratory capacity Alveolar lung ventilation @Diffuse lung capacity # 7 A woman with myasthenia developed respiratory disorders, which required artificial ventilation. What type pf respiratory insufficiency did the woman have? Centrogenic Restrictive @Neuromuscular Thoracophrenic Obstructive # 8 While recovering in bed 1 week after an abdominal hysterectomy, a 42-year-old woman develops acute shortness of breath with hemoptysis. Physical examination finds the patient to be afebrile with moderate respiratory distress, calf tenderness, and a widely split S2. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Atelectasis Bacterisl pneumonia @Pulmonary embolus Pulmonary hypertension Viral pneumonia # 9 A 52-year old female, with a history of the chronic glomerulonephritis and chronic renal failure, presented to the hospital with coughing spells accompanied by thick phlegm and breathlessness. Bronchoscopy revealed congested, edematous, bronchial mucus membrane with small hemorrhages. A bronchial lumen was narrowed by thick mucus. Name the process in bronchi? @Secondary acute catarrhal bronchitis Primary acute catarrhal bronchitis Chronic catarrhal bronchitis Destructive - ulcerous bronchitis Catarrhal - purulent bronchitis # 10 A 19-year-old woman presents with sudden, severe right-sided chest pain that developed shortly after she had been placing heavy boxes on shelves in her garage. Physical examination reveals an afebrile woman in mild respiratory distress. Breath sounds are markedly decreased on the right, and the right lung is hyperresonant to percussion. Which of the following is most likely present in thia individual? Pneumoconiosis Pneumocytic infection Bacterial pneumonia Viral pneumonia @Pneumothorax # 11 A 25-year-old woman presents with a 6-month history of increasing fatigue and dyspnea. Physical examination finds that she is in moderate respiratory distress and cyanosis is present. An echocardiogram of her heart finds the thickess of the right ventricle to be increased, but the thickness of the left ventricle is within normal limits. Histologic section from a lung biopsy reveal plexiform lesion within the pulmonary arterioles. Hyaline membranes are not found nor are areas of lung collapse present. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Adult respiratory distress syndrome Churg-Strauss syndrome Lymphomatoid granulomatosis @Pulmonary hypertension Wegener’s granulomatosis # 12 All the following conditions can produce a histopathologic condition in the lung of adult that is similar to the histopathology of respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn (hyalinemembrane disease) EXCEPT Viral pneumonia Uremia Pulmonary irradiation Severe bacterial infection @Tuberculosis # 13 In course of an operation surgeon removed a part of a lung that was ventilated by a tertiary bronchus accompanied by branches of pulmonary artery and other vessels. What part of a lung was removed? Pulmonary lobule Middle lobe @Bronchopulmonary segment Superior lobe Inferior lobe # 14 An 8 year-old child has died because of pulmonary damage. In autopsy the pathologist has found out in the both lungs: edema, small foci of emphysema, atelectasis, hemorrhages, inflammation without pus. The most probable disease is… @Virus pneumonia Croupous pneumonia Streptococcal pneumonia Clebsiella’s pneumonia Staphylococcal pneumonia # 15 During the section of a man, who had the cancer of the stomach and died of cancer intoxication, there were detected solid, gray-red, distorted focuses that elevated above the incision surface in the posterior-inferior part of lungs. Microscopically, the exudate with numerous neutrophiles was presented in the lumen and walls of small bronchi and alveoli. Name the disease? Intermediate pneumonia Acute bronchitis Croupous pneumonia @Acute suppurative bronchopneumonia Acute serous bronchopneumonia # 16 A male patient with a medical history of the malignant neoplasm died from the cancer intoxication. A post-mortem revealed the posterior segments of the inferior pulmonary lobes firm clusters of solid, slightly elevated nodules, poorly delimited at their margins, which had dark red and grey appearance. Histological investigation showed the exudate within alveoli and small bronchi rich with neutrophil polymorphs. What is the most likely diagnosis? @Acute purulent bronchopneumonia Acute bronchitis Croupous pneumonia Intestinal pneumonia Acute serous bronchopneumonia # 17 On autopsy it is revealed enlarged dense right lung, fibrin layers on the pleura. Lung tissue is light green color on incision with muddy liqued exudates. What lung disease are these symptoms typical for? Interstitial pneumonia Pulmonary gangreneі Bronchopneumonia, @Lung-fever Fibrosing alveolitis # 18 A 72-year old female died of severe grippe. A post-mortem revealed "the big motley lungs". Histological investigation showed acute hyperemia, hemorrhages, an edema of a pulmonary tissue, erythrocyte-rich exudate that filled the bronchi and alveoli. What is the most likely kind of pneumonia? @Hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia Catarrhal bronchopneumonia Purulent bronchopneumonia Desquamative bronchopneumonia Fibrinous bronchopneumonia # 19 An autopsy of a patient who died from pneumonia revealed the inferior lobe of the right lung firm, hypoventilated, with the fibrin fibers on the pleura. What is the most likely etiology of the disease? @Pneumococcal Staphylococcal Streptococcal Mycoplasmal Virus # 20 A 46-year old female died of croupous pneumonia. A post-mortem revealed turbid pleural effusions and visceral pleura membranous exudate formed by grey strands. What is the most likely kind of inflammation on pleura? @Fibrinous Catarrhal Purulent Granulomatous Hemorrhagic # 21 A 37-year-old woman presents with the acute onset of a productive cough, fever, chills, and pleuritic chest pain. A chest x-ray reveals consolidation of the entire lower lobe of her right lung. She unexpectedly dies before treatment due to a cardiac arrhythmia. Histologic examination of lung tissue taken at the time of autopsy reveals multiple suppurative, neutrophil-rich exudates filling the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveolar spaces. The majority of lung tissue from her ringht lower lung is involved in this inflammatory process. Hyaline membranes are not found. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Bronchiectasis Bronchopneumonia Interstinal pneumonitis @Lobar pneumonia Pulmonary abscess # 22 A post-mortem revealed the left lung enlarged, firm, with fibrin fibers on the pleura. On a cut section pulmonary tissue had a gray coloring. A turbid liquid flowed down the surface. What is the most likely diagnosis? @"Croupous pneumonia Focal pneumonia Intestinal pneumonia Cancer of lungs Bronchiectatic disease # 23 In autopsy the whole lower lobe of left lung had dirty-grey colour and liver-like consistence.There was yellow-gray fibrin on a pleura. An etiology of disease is pneumococcus type 1Y. Call this disease: @Croupous pneumonia Clottage of a bronchial arteries Tuberculosis Syphilis Clottage of pulmonary arteries # 24 The upper lobe of the right lung is enlarged, grey and airless, the inscision surface is dripping with turbid liquid, the pleura has many fibrinogenous films; microscopical examination of alveoles revealed exudate containing neutrophils, desquamated alveolocytes and fibrin fibers. The bronchus wall is intact. What is the most probable diagnosis? Interstitial pneumonia @Croupous pneumonia Pulmonary abscess Focal pneumonia Influenzal pneumonia # 25 A patient died in 3 weeks of the pneumonia onset. Macroscopic investigation of lungs revealed the whole of a left inferior lobe became enlarged, consolidated and airless. Grossly lungs got the appearance of a grayish brown, dry surface with fibrin fibers on the pleura. Histological investigation showed the collapsed and bloodless alveolar capillaries, the exudate within alveoli consisted mainly of neutrophil polymorphs. What is the most likely diagnosis? @Croupous pneumonia Focal bronchopneumonia .Influenzal pneumonia гриппозная Fibrinous pleuritis Intestinal pneumonia # 26 A 42-year old woman, with a history of common cold after acute cooling, presented to his physician with symptoms of cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty in breathing. She died on the 5th day staying at the hospital.A post-mortem revealed the inferior lobe the right lung enlarged, firm, with membranous fibrin fibers on the pleura. On a cut section pulmonary tissue had a gray coloring and looked granular. What is the most likely diagnosis? @"Croupous pneumonia Influenzal pneumonia Bronchopneumonia Caseous pneumonia Measles pneumonia # 27 A 42-year old man presented to the hospital with symptoms of malaise, complicated with a collapse one hour later. He died soon, not coming to consciousness. A post-mortem revealed the lungs enlarged, congested, cut with a sound of crunch. Whole of a right inferior lobe had a liver-like texture with some fibrin fibers superposed on the pleura. On a cut section pulmonary tissue exhibited a gray- brown coloring. What is the most likely diagnosis? @Croupous pneumonia Bronchopneumonia Acute venous hyperemia in lungs Toxic shock syndrome Acute myocardial infarction # 28 A 45-year-old man fell ill with pneumonia. On the 6 th day of the disease a pulmonary oedema developed that caused the death. At the section: the upper part of the right lung is totally affected – enlarged, solid with fibrous strata on the pleura. It is of gray color on the incision. A cloudy fluid flows down from the surface of the incision. Microscopically: in the alveolar lumen there are fibrin, neutrophiles, macrophages, haemolyzed erythrocytes. What type of the pneumonia had the patient? @Croupous pneumonia Staphylococcal bronchopneumonia Viral pneumonia Hypostatic pneumonia Interstitial pneumonia # 29 An autopsy of the 47-year-old man revealed the right lung firm with dry hypoinflated granular pulmonary tissue. Visceral pleura presented with membranous gray-brown fibrin fibers on the pleura. What is the most likely diagnosis? What is the most likely diagnosis? @"Croupous pneumonia Tuberculosis Bronchopneumonia Intestinal pneumonia Pneumofibrosis # 30 A 48-year old male, with a history of common cold after acute cooling, presented to his physician with symptoms of lung a heart insufficiency. He died soon at the hospital. A post-mortem revealed the right lung enlarged, firm, hypoventilated, with a liver-like consistency and fibrin fibers on the pleura. On a cut section pulmonary tissue had a gray coloring and looked granular. A turbid liquid flowed down the surface. Histological investigation showed an acute inflammation with the exudate within alveoli consisted mainly of neutrophil polymorphs. What is the most likely diagnosis? @Croupous pneumonia Focal pneumonia Intestinal interalveolar pneumonia Staphylococcal pneumonia Idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis # 31 A 52-year old male presented to hospital with symptoms of acute pneumonia, complicated on the 6th day by pulmonary edema. The latter one resulted in the patient's death. A post-mortem revealed the upper part of the right lung enlarged, firm, with fibrin fibers on the pleura. On a cut section pulmonary tissue had a gray coloring and looked granular. A turbid liquid flowed down the surface. Histological investigation showed the exudate within alveoli consisted of fibrin, neutrophil polymorphs, macrophages, and disintegrated red cells. What is the most likely diagnosis? @Croupous pneumonia Staphylococcal bronchopneumonia Virus pneumonia Hypostatic pneumonia Adult respiratory distress syndrome # 32 At the section of a 58-year-old man that had alcohol abuse for a long time and died at home were revealed the following facts: macroscopically – the right lung is enlarged in size, its tissue is of grayish color, smooth, pleura is covered by grayish membranous strata; microscopically – alveolar lumens contain fibres of fibrin, haemolyzed erythrocytes. Diagnose the disease. @Croupous pneumonia Focal pneumonia Interstitial pneumonia Primary tuberculosis of the lungs Caseous pneumonia # 33 An autopsy of the 60-year-old man with a long history of over consumption of alcohol revealed the right lung enlarged, firm, with fibrin fibers on the pleura. On a cut section pulmonary tissue had a gray coloring. Histological investigation showed the exudate within alveoli consisted of fibrin and disintegrated erythrocytes. What is the most likely diagnosis? @Croupous pneumonia Focal pneumonia Intestinal pneumonia Primary tuberculosis of lung Caseous pneumonia # 34 A 50 year-old patient has died because of pulmonary- cardiac insufficiency. In autopsy the pathologist has found out: the upper lobe of the right lung has been red and dense as a liver, white fibrin has been found out on a pleura. Microscopic investigation: exudate consists of fibrin, a lot of erythrocytes and a few leukocytes. Call the stage @Red hepatization, croupous pneumonia Grey hepatization, croupous pneumonia Interstitial pneumonia initial stage Gangrene, initial stage Lung abscess # 35 A 44-year-old alcoholic man presents with fever and a productive cough with copious amounts of foul-smelling purulent sputum. Physical examination finds that changing the position of this individual produces paroxysms of coughing. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient’s signs and symptoms? Esophageal cancer Esophageal reflux Myocardial infarction @Pulmonary abscess Pulmonary infarction # 36 A 56-year old male presented to hospital with symptoms of an acute staphylococcal pneumonia of the inferior lobe of the right lung resulted in cardiopulmonary insufficiency and lethal outcome of the disease. A post-mortem revealed within the inferior lobe of the right lung a roundish cavity, 5 cm in diameter containing pus and connected with bronchus. What complication of an acute pneumonia takes place in that case? @Abscesses of lungs Gangrene of lungs Pulmonary thromboembolism Bronchiectatic disease Acute bronchitis # 37 A 45-year-old man has died because of pulmonary-cardiac insufficiency. In autopsy the pathologist has found out croupous pneumonia in lower lobe of left lung, 350ml of greenish-yellow fluid in the left pleural cavity. Microscopically it contained many neutrophils. Call the complication of pneumonia @Empyema of pleura Fibrinous pleuritis Pneumothorax Hydrothorax Hemothorax # 38 A 49-year-old man presents with shaking chills and fever, pleuritic chest pain, and increasing shortness of breath. A chest x-ray reveals a right-sided pleural effusion. The lung is this area appears to be consolidated. The pleural fluid is tapped, and laboratory examination reveals numerous acute inflammatory cells. Which of the following is the basic defect that caused the accumulation of this pleural fluid? Collagen-vascular disease involving the pleura Obstruction of lymphatics by tumor Right-sided congestive heart failure Rupture of an aortic aneurysm @Suppurative infection of adjacent lung tissue # Konec: #end Chronic Non-specific Lung Diseases # 1 A 19-year-old woman presents with urticaria that developed after she took aspirin for a headache. She has a history of chronic rhinitis, and physical examination reveals the present of nasal polyps. This patient is at an increased risk of developing which one of the following pulmonary disease following the ingestion of aspirin? @Asthma Chronic bronchitis Emphysema Interstitial fibrosis Pulmonary hypertension # 2 A patient with bronchial asthma got viral infection that provoked status asthmaticus with the death. At the histological examination of lungs spasm and oedema of bronchioli were revealed. The walls were infiltrated with lymphocytes, eosinophiles and other leucocytes; there was also a degranulation of labrocytes. What mechanism of hypersensivity is meant? Inflammatory @Reaginic reaction of hypersensivity Autoimmune Immune complex Immune-mediated cellular cytolysis # 3 The major pathlogic injury in interstitial lung disease is generally accepted to be Diffuse pneumonia Bronchopneumonia Bronchiolitis Bronchitis @Alveolitis # 4 A patient died from cardiopulmonary decompensation. Histological examination revealed diffused pulmonary lesion together with interstitial edema, infiltration of tissue by limphocytes, macrophages, plasmocytes; pulmonary fibrosis, panacinar emphysema. What disease corresponds with the described picture? Pulmonary atelectasis @Fibrosing alveolitis Bronchial asthma Bronchopneumonia Chronic bronchitis # 5 Examination of a miner revealed pulmonary fibrosis accompanied by disturbance of alveolar ventilation. What is the main mechanism of this disturbance? Constriction of superior respiratory tracts Disturbance of neural respiration control @Limitation of respiratory surface of lungs Limitation of breast mobility Bronchi spasm # 6 From the childhood the patient had chronic inflammatory lung diseases. There was a little of sputum that had white color. The patient was hospitalized with the signs of pulmonary and heart insufficiency, the last one caused his death. What changes were revealed at the section? Macroscopically the heart is not changed Hypertrophy and dilatation of the left ventricle Hypertrophy of the both ventricles Dilatation of the both ventricles @Hypertrophy and dilatation of the right ventricle # 7 A 68-year old patient, with a history of the chronic inflammatory disease of lungs since his childhood, presented to the hospital with coughing accompanied by scanty sputum (expectoration). The complications of pulmonary and a heart failure resulted in his death. What changes in heart have been found at post-mortem? @Right ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation Left ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation Ventricular hypertrophy Ventricular dilatation Heart without gross change # 8 A female patient, with 10 years history of cough with a purulent sputum and dyspnea, died from respiratory and heart failure. A post-mortem gross investigation of a dead body revealed her fingers reminded drum sticks. A dissection of lugs showed a bronchial alteration with a saccular deformity and purulent inflammation. What is the most likely diagnosis? @Bronchiectatic disease Tuberculosis Chronic bronchitis Abscess Acute bronchitis # 9 A 48-year-old male with a long history of chronic bronchitis presents his physician a cough with a mucopurulent sputum (especially in the morning), dyspnea, and fingers deformity in a shape of the drum sticks. A pulmonal and heart insufficiency was also diagnosed. Make the preliminary diagnosis. @Bronchiectatic disease Bronchial asthma Chronic bronchitis Bronchopneumonia Emphysema of lungs # 10 An autopsy of 55-year-old male with a 3 years history of a dry cough, a dyspnea, pulmonary insufficiency and quick weight loss, revealed a pulmonary heart and lungs fibrosis with a honey-comb pattern of the lungs tissue. Histological investigation demonstrated an interstitial fibrosis with the apparent infiltration of a stroma with lymphocytes, histiocytes and some neutrophils. What is the most likely diagnose? @Bronchiectatic disease Postinflammatory pneumosclerosis Chronic bullous emphysema Fibrosing alveolitis Dusty pneumosclerosis # 11 A 27-year-old man presents with a chronic productive cough. Pertiment medical history is that he has had recurrent sinusitis and numerouslower respiratory tract infections since childhood. He has been married for 6 years and has no children, although he and his wife do not use any form of birth control. His chest x-ray reveals the apex of the heart to be directed toward the right (the cardiac apical impulse is feltbest in the sixth intercostals space), and a CBC reveals a normocytic normochromic anemia. Semen analysis reveals his spermatozoa to be immotile and lack the normal ATPase-containingdynein arms. Without treatment, which of the following changes is most likely to result from his disease? @Abnormal permanent dilation of the bronch in the lungs Destruction of the walls of the alveoli in the base of the lungs Fatty metamorphosis of the hepatocytes in the liver Hyperplasia of the smooth-muscle cells of the bronchioles in the lungs Irreversible deposition of collagen in the subendothelial spacesin the liver # 12 A 42-year old male, with a history of the amyloidosis, died of chronic renal failure. A post- mortem revealed in the lower lung lobe multiple dilated bronchi filled with abundant foul sputum. A gross investigation of a cut surface showed a honey-comb pattern of a lungs tissue. A microscopic study demonstrated the chronic inflammation within bronchial wall and also a replacement of elastic and muscular fibers by a connecting tissue. These changes in a lung are regarded as: @Bronchiectasis Bronchopneumonia Chronic bronchitis Chronic pneumonia Abscesses of lungs # 13 An autopsy of the middle age man with a long history of bronchiectasis revealed markedly enlarged adrenals volume at the expense of a cortical layer. Adrenals were pale, dense, and sebaceous. Microscopic investigation showed the unstructured, amorphous, eosinophilic, Congo red positive deposits by reticular stroma and within vessels walls. These changes indicate a development of: @Amyloidosis Mucoid swelling Fibrinoid swelling Lipidosis Hyalinosis # 14 A 46-year old male, with a history of the chronic bronchiectasis, died from uremia. An autopsy revealed enlarged, firm kidneys, with sebaceous (waxy) cut surface. To what disease there correspond such changes? @Amyloidosis of kidney Glomerulonephritis Acute tubular necrosis Pyelonephritis Arteriolosclerotic nephrosclerosis # 15 A 54-year old male, with a history of destructive purulent bronchitis died of multiple organ failure. An autopsy revealed cardiomegaly, a sebaceous (waxy) kidney and a sago spleen. What process has complicated bronchitis? @Secondary amyloidosis Senile amyloidosis Tumor-like amyloidosis Primary amyloidosis Generalized hyalinosis # 16 A 7-year-old boy accidentally inhales a small peanut, which lodges in one of his bronchi. A chest x-ray reveals the mediastinum to be shifted toward the side of the obstruction. Which of the following pulmonary abnormalities is most likely present in this boy? @Absorptive atelectasis Compression atelectasis Contraction atelectasis Patchy atelectasis Hyaline membrane disease # 17 |