Англ практическая. Программа среднего профессионального образования 46. 02. 01 Документационное обеспечение управления и архивоведение Дисциплина Иностранный язык Практическое занятие 5
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Автономная некоммерческая профессиональная образовательная организация "Национальный социально-педагогический колледж" Программа среднего профессионального образования 46.02.01 Документационное обеспечение управления и архивоведение Дисциплина: Иностранный язык Практическое занятие 5 Выполнил: Обучающийся Некрасова Дарья Витальевна Преподаватель: Гоголева Елена Александровна Задание 1. Условие: Прочитайте и переведите текст. Составьте пересказ на 10-15 предложений на английском языке (пересказ делается письменно) Traditions and customs in Great Britain/Обычаи и традиции в Великобритании. British nation is considered to be the most conservative in Europe. It is not a secret that every nation and every country has its own customs and traditions. In Great Britain people attach greater importance to traditions and customs than in other European countries. Englishmen are proud of their traditions and carefully keep them up. The best examples are their queen, money system, their weights and measures. There are many customs and some of them are very old. There is, for example, the Marble Championship, where the British Champion is crowned; he wins a silver cup known among folk dancers as Morris Dancing. Morris Dancing is an event where people, worn in beautiful clothes with ribbons and bells, dance with handkerchiefs or big sticks in their hands, while traditional music-sounds. Another example is the Boat Race, which takes place on the river Thames, often on Easter Sunday. A boat with a team from Oxford University and one with a team from Cambridge University hold a race. British people think that the Grand National horse race is the most exciting horse race in the world. It takes place near Liverpool every year. Sometimes it happens the same day as the Boat Race takes place, sometimes a week later. Amateur riders as well as professional jockeys can participate. It is a very famous event. There are many celebrations in May, especially in the countryside. Halloween is a day on which many children dress up in unusual costumes. In fact, this holiday has a Celtic origin. The day was originally called All Halloween's Eve, because it happens on October 31, the eve of all Saint's Day. The name was later shortened to Halloween. The Celts celebrated the coming of New Year on that day. Another tradition is the holiday called Bonfire Night. On November 5,1605, a man called Guy Fawkes planned to blow up the Houses of Parliament where the king James 1st was to open Parliament on that day. But Guy Fawkes was unable to realize his plan and was caught and later, hanged. The British still remember that Guy Fawkes' Night. It is another name for this holiday. This day one can see children with figures, made of sacks and straw and dressed in old clothes. On November 5th, children put their figures on the bonfire, burn them, and light their fireworks. In the end of the year, there is the most famous New Year celebration. In London, many people go to Trafalgar Square on New Year's Eve. There is singing and dancing at 12 o'clock on December 31st. A popular Scottish event is the Edinburgh Festival of music and drama, which takes place every year. A truly Welsh event is the Eisteddfod, a national festival of traditional poetry and music, with a competition for the best new poem in Welsh. If we look at English weights and measures, we can be convinced that the British are very conservative people. They do not use the internationally accepted measurements. They have conserved their old measures. There are nine essential measures. For general use, the smallest weight is one ounce, then 16 ounce is equal to a pound. Fourteen pounds is one stone. The English always give people's weight in pounds and stones. Liquids they measure in pints, quarts and gallons. There are two pints in a quart and four quarts or eight pints are in one gallon. For length, they have inches» foot, yards and miles. If we have always been used to the metric system therefore the English monetary system could be found rather difficult for us. They have a pound sterling, which is divided into twenty shillings, half-crown is cost two shillings and sixpence, shilling is worth twelve pennies and one penny could be changed by two halfpennies. Ответ: Обычаи и традиции в Великобритании. Британская нация, как полагают, является самой консервативной в Европе. Это не секрет, что каждая нация и каждая страна имеет свои собственные обычаи и традиции. В Великобритании люди уделяют большее внимание традициям и обычаям, чем в других европейских странах. Англичане гордятся своими традициями и тщательно хранят их. Лучший пример — их королева, парламентская монархия, денежная система, их система мер. Существует много обычаев, и некоторые из них очень древние. Есть, например, мраморный чемпионат, где британского чемпиона коронуют; его награждают серебряным кубком, известным среди танцоров народного танца как Моррис Дансинг. Моррис Дансинг — это событие, когда люди, одетые в красивые одежды с лентами и колокольчиками, танцуют под традиционную музыку, держа в руках носовые платки или большие палки. Другим примером являются состязания по гребле, которые проходят на реке Темза, часто в Пасхальное Воскресенье. Лодка с командой от Оксфордского университета и вторая лодка с командой от университета Кембриджа плывут наперегонки. Британцы думают, что большие национальные гонки на лошадях — самая захватывающая гонка в мире. Она проходит около Ливерпуля ежегодно. Иногда это случается в один и тот же день, когда проходят состязания по гребле, иногда это бывает на неделю позже. Могут участвовать как наездники-любители, так. и профессиональные жокеи. Это — очень известный праздник. Много праздников в мае, особенно в сельской местности. Хэллоуин — день, когда многие дети наряжаются в необычные костюмы. Фактически, этот праздник имеет кельтское происхождение. День первоначально называли Кануном всего Хэллоуина, потому что это случается 31 октября, накануне Дня всех святых. Название было позже сокращено до Хэллоуина. В этот день кельты праздновали наступление Нового года. Другая традиция — это праздник, который называется Ночь костра. 5 ноября 1605 года человек по имени Гай Фокс планировал взорвать здание парламента, где король Джеймс I должен был в тот день открыть заседание парламента. Но Гаю Фоксу не удалось совершить задуманное, он был пойман и позже повешен. Британцы все еще помнят ту ночь Гая Фокса. Это другое название этого праздника. В этот день можно увидеть детей с фигурками, сделанными из мешковины и соломы и наряженными в старую одежду. 5-го ноября дети помещают свои фигурки в костер и сжигают их, затем зажигают свои фейерверки. В конце года проходит самый известный новогодний праздник. В Лондоне многие люди на празднование кануна Нового года приходят на Трафальгарскую площадь. Там в 12 часов ночи 31-го декабря они поют и танцуют. Эдинбургский Фестиваль музыки и драмы — ежегодный популярный шотландский праздник. Настоящим валлийским праздником является Айстедфод, ежегодный фестиваль бардов, национальный фестиваль традиционной поэзии и музыки, с соревнованием за лучшую новую поэму на валлийском языке. Если мы посмотрим на английскую систему мер и веса, мы можем убедиться, что британцы — очень консервативные люди. Они не используют международную, принятую во всем мире систему мер. Они сохранили свои старые меры. Есть девять основных мер. Для общего использования, наименьшей мерой веса является одна унция, тогда как 16 унций равны фунту. Четырнадцать фунтов — один стоун. Англичане всегда определяют вес людей в фунтах и стоунах. Меру жидкости они измеряют в пинтах, квартах и галлонах. В кварте — две пинты, в одном галлоне — восемь пинт или четыре кварты. Для измерения длины они используют дюймы, футы, ярды и мили. Если мы всегда привыкли использовать единицы метрической системы, то английскую денежную систему нам было бы трудно понять. Они имеют фунт стерлингов, который делиться на двадцать шиллингов, полкроны стоит два шиллинга и шесть пенсов, шиллинг стоит двенадцать пенни, один пенни можно поменять на два полпенни. Пересказ: People in Great Britain pay great attention to the traditions and customs described in this text. For example, the marble championship in which the British champion is crowned, he is awarded a silver cup, known among folk dancers as the Morris Dancing. Also, an example is the rowing competition that takes place on the river Thames, often on Easter Sunday. It also says that the British think that the great national horse races are the most exciting races in the world. Another of the holidays is Halloween, a day when many children dress up in unusual costumes (often even mystical and spooky) Another tradition is a holiday called Bonfire Night. On this day you can see children with figures made from burlap and straw and dressed up in old clothes. At the end of the year there is the most famous New Year's Eve celebration. In London, many people come to Trafalgar Square to celebrate New Year's Eve. There, at 12 o'clock on the night of December 31, they sing and dance. The text offered for retelling tells not only about traditions and holidays, but also about the English system of weights and measures, the British are a very conservative people. They do not use the international, internationally accepted system of measures. The British always measure people's weight in pounds and hundredweight. They measure liquids in pints, quarts, and gallons. A quart is two pints, one gallon is eight pints or four quarts. They use inches, feet, yards, and miles to measure length. They have a pound sterling, which is divided into twenty shillings, a half crown is worth two shillings and six pence, a shilling is worth twelve pennies, one penny can be exchanged for two half pennies. Задание 2. Условие: Составьте 10 вопросов к тексту из первого задания. Вопросы должны быть составлены на английском языке. Ответ: What are the best examples of their conservatism? What nation is considered to be the most conservative in Europe? What is the original name of Halloween? What are the most popular English traditions? What peculiarities of the English monetary system do you know? What is the Eisteddfod? What is a popular Scottish event? Where do the national horse races take place in Great Britain? On which river are rowing competitions held in Great Britain? In what year did Guy Fawkes plan to blow up the parliament building? Задание 3. Условие: Составьте собственное высказывание на английском языке, не менее 10 предложений о культуре и традициях в России. Назовите основные праздники на территории РФ. Выскажите своё мнение, – какие Вам нравятся, какие нет и почему. Расскажите о своём любимом празднике, о том, как принято его праздновать в кругу Вашей семьи. Ответ: Every nation has its own culture and traditions. Russia is a unique country with a centuries-old history and long-established national customs. Although, it’s a well-developed country with a high level of culture, most holidays and traditions date back to pagan times. The best tradition I like is celebrating of New Year. This holiday is celebrated all around the world. But we celebrate it in a particular way. We have traditional Russian salad on the table, TV programs and movies, decorations, Christmas tree, stories and so on. We celebrate New Year in a big company with presents, songs and dances. Children wait for New Year because of our Russian Santa “Ded Moroz”. It is really interesting and funny holiday. In spring we celebrate Easter. There is no certain day for this holiday, but there are always coloured eggs, Easter pie and family lunch. I like Easter because all my family always gets together. In the beginning of July we celebrate Ivana Kupala . This is a holiday nobody knows abroad. At night young people can read fortune and their future and jump over the fire. I don't like the holiday Ivana Kupala because people are poured with water. Задание 4. Условие: Прочитайте текст. Составьте расширенный план для пересказа (не менее 6 подпунктов) на английском языке. Housing in America/Дома в Америке Before 1800, the Midwest of America was Indian country. Then, the Europeans came. They did not like to move around or live in tepees. They were farmers and they wanted houses. The first European Americans, the «pioneers», were tough people. They came to a hard country. The summers were hot, the winters were very cold. On the prairies, there were no trees and no stones. There was only earth. So the pioneers cut pieces of grass and earth and built houses with them. These «sod houses» were very uncomfortable. The rain came in through the roof. Pieces of wet earth fell into food and onto the children’s beds. The pioneers worked hard on their farms to make money. With the money they built bigger, better farmhouses with wood. No Americans live in sod houses now. It was easy in the Rocky Mountains because there were trees. The pioneers could cut them down and make small wooden houses, called «log cabins». Log cabins were warm and dry inside. The people were poor, but they tried to make their homes comfortable. Pioneer women had no money, but they wanted nice covers for their beds. They could not buy them, so they cut up old clothes and sewed the pieces together. The beautiful bedcovers they made are called «patchwork quilts». Many American women still keep their grandmothers’ patchwork quilts, and they like to make new ones with the old patterns.Nearly all the Americans live in towns or cities now. And you can’t be a pioneer in Philadelphia or Chicago. But some people try. They like to go to vacation homes in the mountains, miles away from the cities. A real 200-year-old log cabin is best, but there are lots of new ones too. There, you can put your gun up on the wall above the fireplace. You can listen to the wind outside. You can talk about the bears and rattlesnakes. For two or three weeks you can be a pioneer again. The great historic places of the Old World are cities, castles, and gardens. But in the New World, some of the most interesting historic places are the roads. Americans remember the great journeys of their history in movies, stories, and pictures. Their grandparents crossed America on horses and in wagons. But they don’t go in wagons now, of course. They go in mobile homes. Some mobile homes are pulled by the family car. Some, like Winnebagos, have a driver’s cab. Behind the cab there is a room with beds, a small kitchen, a table, a washing place. Winnebagos are great for vacations. A family can travel in the Winnebago, and stop at campgrounds to sleep and eat. They do not have to spend money on motels. In summer, the campgrounds in the national parks are full of mobile homes. American factories make new and better mobile homes all the time. Some of them are palaces on wheels. But the idea is not a new one. In 1930s, there were a large number of «Airstreamers» on the road. These wonderful old mobile homes looked like small space ships. They were made of shiny silver metal. Sometimes you can still see them out on the highways. Mobile homes are not good only for vacations. Many people live in them. Five percent of all American homes started as mobile homes, but many of them do not travel any more. They parked in trailer parks. People build on new rooms, and grow flowers and trees near them. Soon the mobile homes look like houses. The difference is that mobile homes are much cheaper than houses. Most Americans buy them. Ответ: Until what time the Midwest of America was an Indian country. how the first Americans built houses. how they decorated their beds. great historical sites of the Old World. rest of the Americans. mobile homes. Задание 5. Условие: Сделайте письменный перевод на английский язык. Переведите на английский. Погода в Британии имеет плохую репутацию, потому что быстро меняется. Люди никогда не могут быть уверены в том, что не будет дождя. Из-за изменчивой погоды люди носят зонтики каждый день. Британцы говорят «дождь льет как из ведра», если идет сильный дождь. Лето в Британии не очень жаркое. А зима не очень холодная. В некоторых частях Британии зима проходит совсем без снега. Поэтому можно сказать, что климат в Британии мягкий. Британцы часто говорят о погоде. Говорят, что разговор о погоде – это хороший способ начать разговор с незнакомцем. Ответ: The weather in Britain has a bad reputation because it changes quickly. People can never be sure that it won't rain. Because of the changeable weather, people carry umbrellas every day. The British say "it's raining like a bucket" when it's raining heavily. Summer in Britain is not very hot. And the winter is not very cold. In some parts of Britain, winter passes without snow at all. Therefore, we can say that the climate in Britain is mild. The British often talk about the weather. They say that talking about the weather is a good way to start a conversation with a stranger. Задание 6. Условие: Найдите в тексте соответствия следующих слов и выражений: И так далее; кроме того; завязать разговор; никто не имеет дел с незнакомцами; избегать сплетен; давать советы и взваливать на себя груз чужих проблем; личный опыт; действуйте по ситуации; это сработало; сводить на нет; не имеет значения; я пришла к выводу; невыносимо неловко. Talking about weather/Разговоры о погоде. It seems to me that the English begin the day with conversation about the weather and finish it with the same theme. At home, at work, on the street — always: ‘Today is wonderful, isn’t it, dear?’ or ‘Awful weather today, isn’t it? Will it stop raining at last today?’ And so on… Like this arise a million conversations about various topics, starting with a short chat over breakfast or at the bus stop and finishing with a conversation with a friend or a colleague at work. For me this was always fascinating. In Russia people at bus stops look at you like potential competition who could occupy your potential seat. There are no friendly conversations about the weather with strangers at the bus stop, you wouldn’t even think about it. Besides, there are so many people that you would have to spend no less than half an hour walking around everybody sharing your sentiments about the weather. I think people would start to recoil from the friendly questioning potential passenger and think that one was loony. How do people usually start a conversation with friends or colleagues in Russia? ‘How are you? OK?’ or ‘How’re you feeling?’ and about feelings people talk readily and always. Not only this, but they start to share their problems, and the conversation can stretch on until dinner, starting with analysis of the problem, cigarette breaks and heaps of advice from personal experience or the experience of a friend. But with strangers…no, nobody has any dealings with strangers; everybody has ‘distressing deep thoughts’ about tomorrow’s day. For some: ‘What fur coat to wear — mink or fox?’, for others: ‘To buy a litre of milk or is it better two loaves of bread?’ So, this kind of communication and start of a conversation I am, of course, used to, for me it was civil to ask about mood. Once, when I was in college in England, where I taught language, I asked the students about their moods, in answer I heard ‘deadly’ silence. I was lost for some seconds but recollected the advice of our lecturer in foreign languages. His main advice comprised — when entering an auditorium you need to consider yourself an actor who has walked out on stage, and be prepared for all the surprises of stage life. In his words — be spontaneous! I immediately started talking about the weather, and it helped. I saw puzzled faces, trying to translate my questions about the weather. The English people were in a familiar situation! From time to time I asked myself — well, from idleness of thoughts, I supposed ‘Hmm, why are English people so worried by the weather? Maybe, it’s because the weather changes several times a day?’ You can experience, in the course of one day, all the seasons of the year, depending on which sea the wind is blowing in from. The position of the sun in this does not play a significant role. It can be shining, and even brightly, but the wind from the North Sea brings to nothing all the sun’s efforts. Or in January, for example, you can get a tan and even sweat somewhere in a corner sheltered from the wind by the sea. I think that the initial reason for the ‘passion’ for talking about the weather was precisely this bottom line. ‘No matter how you look at it’ the theme in discussion is broad; anyone and everyone can ‘blaze’ about it. However, I came to the conclusion that there are also at least two more reasons for this chattiness. One of them, I speculate, is hidden in the extraordinary / traditional / genetic politeness of the English. If they need to find something out then firstly they will cautiously utter one or two phrases about the weather and only after will present the question they crave to ask. Also, they consider it unbearably awkward to stand with ‘puffed out cheeks’ at the bus stop in the company of two or three people. And… they start to twitter about the weather. The other reason again leaks from my observations — they tried to avoid gossip. They don’t like over-the-fence talk. Praise to you English! Likewise they don’t like to give advice and take upon themselves the heaviness and responsibility of other people’s problems. In Russia, you just murmur your problem and you receive 33 happy answers and assurance that there are no unsolvable problems. Ответ: Кроме того – besides Завязать разговор - start a conversation И так далее - and so on Никто не имеет дел с незнакомцами - nobody has any dealings with strangers Избегать сплетен - avoid gossip Давать советы и взваливать на себя груз чужих проблем - give advice and take upon themselves the heaviness of other people’s problems. Личный опыт - personal experience Действуйте по ситуации - be spontaneous Это сработало - it helped Сводить на нет - to bring to nothing Не имеет значения - does not play role Я пришла к выводу - I came to the conclusion Невыносимо неловко – unbearably awkward Задание 7. Условие: Составьте письменное высказывание на тему «Лондон-столица Великобритании» на английском языке. Высказывание должно содержать не менее 10-15 предложений. Ответ: The capital of Great Britain is one of the most famous cities in the world. It’s a popular place for tourists, for shopping, for cultural and political events. A lot of exhibitions, performances, concerts, fashion show and other events take place here. London has soft weather just like the rest of Europe thanks to the Gulf Stream, so the winter is very soft and summer is warm and it has approximately the same amount of rain all year around. The maximum temperature registered is 37.3 degrees and the maximum low temperature is 16.6 degrees. The main sights of the capital are Buckingham Palace, the Palace of Westminster, Tower Bridge, London eye, Big Ben, the Westminster Abbey, St. Paul’s Cathedral, the British museum, Trafalgar Square, 30 St Mary Axe skyscraper and so on. I would also add famous double-deck buses and telephone booths. So first place to visit in London is London Bridge. This bridge is very beautiful and famous. It has interesting history and it was restructured few times. Especially this bridge is beautiful at night. Hyde Park is another fantastic place. Here you can enjoy the nature and visit great concerts. Here you can enjoy nature and attend great concerts. If one day I get a chance to visit London, one my little dream will come true. I love to travel and I would like to start to discover the world as soon as possible. Пермь - 2023 |