Методичка Усвят НД. Российской федерации гоу впо алтайский государственный университет международный институт экономики, менеджмента и информационных систем в экономик
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Information in Economics
browser – браузер (программа навигации и просмотра в интернете) computer industry – – промышленность средств вычислительной техники computer literacy – компьютерная грамотность computer technology – компьютерные технологии computerized robots – роботы с компьютерным управлением disappear – исчезать domain name – имя домена enormously – чрезвычайно flow – поток, движение hack – «взламывать» чужой компьютер hardware – аппаратура, оборудование illegally – незаконно keep smth. secret – держать в секрете keyboard – клавиатура log on to the net – входить в интернет monitor – осуществлять контроль network communication – передача информации в глобальной сети programming language – язык программирования progress – двигаться вперед provide access – обеспечивать доступ realize – представлять себе, ясно понимать relating to – связанный с, касающийся remote – удаленный site – сайт (любой адрес в интернете, где хранится информация) software – программное обеспечение software program – компьютерные программы superhighway internet service providers – провайдер (компания, предоставляющая доступ удаленным пользователям к интернету) to dial – набирать код virtual circuit – виртуальная цепь, виртуальный канал voice command – команды, подаваемые человеческим голосом web – – сокр. от www всемирная паутина website – узел глобальной сети Task 1. Match the words. website база данных subnet узел глобальной сети browser виртуальная цепь software program в режиме онлайн virtual circuit сообщение message компьютерная программа site набирать код to dial сайт online order подсеть database программа навигации Task 2. Cross one out.
Task 1. Read and translate the text. William (Bill) H. Gates is chairman and chief software architect of Microsoft Corporation, the worldwide leader in software services and Internet technologies for personal and business computing. Gates’ foresight and his vision for personal computing have been central to the success of Microsoft and software industry. In August 23, 1995 an unprecedented marketing and media frenzy reached its peak throughout the world. The level of publicity and excitement had rarely been seen before but it was not for a new movie or even a new car. It was for a piece of software. By midnight, customers had already queued up outside computer stores to be among the first to purchase Windows 95, an upgraded operating system for IBM and IBM-compatible personal computers. Microsoft Corporation, the company behind Windows 95, spared no expense in exciting the demand for its new product. Born on October 28, 1955, William Henry Gates grew up in Seattle, Washington, in a socially prominent family with his two sisters. Their father was a lawyer with a well-connected firm in the city. Their mother, Mary Gates, was a schoolteacher, active in charity work. Gates attended public elementary school and the private Lakeside school. There, he discovered his interest in software and began programming computers at the age of 13. “He was a computer nerd before the term was invented”, as one of his teachers described Gates at the time. In 1973 Gates entered Harvard University as a freshman, where he lived down the hall from Steve Ballmer, now Microsoft’s chief executive officer. While at Harvard, Gates developed a version of the programming language BASIC for the first microcomputer – the MITS Altair. In his junior years Gates left Harvard to devote his energies to Microsoft, a company he had begun in 1975 with his childhood friend Paul Allen. Guided by a belief that the computer would be a valuable tool on every office desktop and in every home, they began developing software for personal computers. Gated and Allen were not typical entrepreneurs. They had no business plan, no venture capital, no bankers or Small Business Administration loans. But they had the most important tools needed for software development: brains and computers and they had everything necessary for entry into the porous computer industry of the time: they had product, programming expertise and most importantly, a vision of greater possibilities. The introduction of Windows 95 mirrored the rapid changes in the marketplace and marked a new crucial point for Bill Gates. His role in the personal computer revolution had given him a net worth estimated in the summer of 1996 at $18 billion and had turned him into an icon of information technology. Few American businessmen have ever occupied such a niche in the popular imagination. Just as John D. Rockfeller created order from chaos in the most important new industry of the late nineteenth century, Gates and his company did the same in the most crucial industry of the late twentieth century: computers. And, like Rockfeller, Gates found ways to force the rest of the industry to follow his lead. Gates was married on January 1, 1994, to Melinda French Gates. They have three children. Gates is an avid reader and enjoys playing golf and bridge. In 1999 Gates wrote Business and the Speech of Thought, a book that shows how computer technology can solve business problems in fundamentally new ways. The book was published in 25 languages and is available in more than 60 countries. Gates’ previous book, The Road Ahead, published in 1995, held the No. 1 spot on the New York Times’ bestseller list for seven weeks. Though an innovative and forward-thinking entrepreneur, Bill Gates didn’t invent crucial technology. Rather, he shrewdly adapted and improved products first made by others. He recognized the coming of the personal computer (PC) long before others did and deduced that operating systems and applications (software) would be at least as important to the PC business as the nuts-and-bolts equipment (hardware). Part of the reason for Microsoft’s dominance in the field lies precisely in Gates’ ability to anticipate developments in computer technology and to judge when the public will be ready for them. Another part of Microsoft’s success lies in Gates’ unwavering confidence in his own ideas. Through the force of his personality, as much as through the popularity of his products, Bill Gates has imposed his own order on the burgeoning computer industry. Gates has donated the proceeds of both books to non-profit organizations that support the use of technology in education and professional skills development. Under Gates’ leadership, Microsoft’s mission has been to continually advance and improve software technology and to make it easier, more cost-effective and more enjoyable for people to use computers. Philanthropy is also important to Gates. He and his wife, Melinda, have endowed a foundation with more than $24 billion to support initiatives in the areas of global health and learning, including the Gates Library Initiative to bring computers, Internet Access and training to public libraries in low-income communities in the United States and Canada. Essential Vocabulary bestseller – сенсационная книга, бестселлер compatible – совместимый computer nerd – компьютерный фанат crucial – ключевой, решающий donate – передавать в дар endow – пожертвовать капитал, делать дар executive officer – должностное лицо expertise – опыт, знание дела, компетенция foresight – предвидение forward-thinking – прогрессивно мыслящий frenzy – безумие information technology – информационные технологии innovative – новаторский lead – лидерство, руководство net worth – собственный капитал предприятия operating system – операционная система personality – индивидуальность, личность proceeds – выручка, доход software architect – разработчик структуры системного программного обеспечения software development – разработка программного обеспечения software industry – промышленность по производству программного обеспечения unwavering – непоколебимый, твердый upgrade – модернизация to upgrade – модернизировать venture capital – венчурный капитал; капитал, вложенный в новое предприятие vision – предвидение Task 2. Translate the following word combinations or find Russian equivalents.
Task 3. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
Task 4. Fill the gaps in the sentences below with the words and expressions from the box. There are two expressions, which you don’t need to use.
Task 5. Find English equivalents for the following Russian expressions and words.
Task 6. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
Dialogue 1. Computers in Russia Task 1. Read and translate the dialogue. Foreigner: Many people think that Russians tend to lag behind other countries in computer literacy of the population. Is that True? Russian: To some extent you are right if you mean the number of computers. But over the last few years we have progressed enormously. Two decades ago few people realized that computers would become part of our daily lives. Not only computers, many of the things that we do now were thought to be impossible 20 years ago. F.: Yes, the world has changed. In advanced countries computers are everywhere these days. Computers monitor the flow of materials in plants and factories, computerized robots take over dangerous jobs in factories. They are widely used in business and finance, in science and medicine. R.: They even help secretaries to get letters and contracts typed accurately and quickly. To be serious, the progress in computer technologies is amazing. F.: Yes, soon computers will be able to recognize voice commands, people won’t be using keyboards. R.: Undoubtedly within 20 years from now all information will be coming through computers even in my country. It will affect the labour market drastically. F.: Can’t agree more. Many jobs will have disappeared by, say, 2015. Besides, computers provide access to the Internet. Do young people in your country use the system? R.: I’d say an overwhelming majority of young people do use the Internet. They show an interest in websites relating to their occupations and studies. F.: Do you often visit Internet shops? R.: No, I log on to the Net from my office. Many people, however, are disappointed and embarrassed by the situation. We’ve become too dependent on computers. F.: That’s right. Clerical staff cannot do simple arithmetic without calculators. R.: Not only that. It’s difficult to keep information held on computers secret. F.: Yes, even kids can hack the computers of large corporations, they can hack into banks and transfer huge amounts of cash. R.: Connecting to other people’s computers secretly and illegally has become a problem. People may be right that the spread of computers has brought us as many problems as it has solved. Vocabulary List lag behind – отставать to some extent – до некоторой степени voice command – команды, подаваемые человеческим голосом drastically – коренным образом disappear – исчезать overwhelming majority – подавляющее большинство be embarrassed – быть смущенным, растерянным do arithmetic – делать арифметические подсчеты take over – брать на себя Task 2. Comprehension Questions
Texts for additional reading
Task 1. Read and translate the text First it was the movie, then the radio receiver and then the television. Each was once seen as magical technology that would transform education. Now it is the computer. Many governments have equipped schools with computers, convinced that their presence would improve the pace and efficiency of learning. Some thought that installing computers was a good way to teach children and to fit them for the 21st century. Studies of children whose teachers use and do not use computers in the classroom suggest that the hopes for computers are just as wrong as those for classroom movies, radio and television. The researchers found no evidence that the use of computers improved children’s test scores. In fact, they found the reverse. There are signs that computers may even impede learning. It’s obvious that young children, in particular, learn best when they face the teacher. Educational software is one-size-fits-all; it is not tailored to the varied abilities of pupils in a class. Money should be spent to cut class size and to improve teacher training. |
