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    1. The profession of speech therapists.

Who are speech therapists?

These are specialists who correct speech defects, resorting to various correctional techniques. They work with both children and adults. For example, very often elderly people who have suffered a stroke lose their verbal abilities, in such cases, one profession becomes an indispensable - a speech therapist! It is he who makes up an individual treatment plan, according to which the shortcomings of speech are eliminated, such as crookedness, stammering or lisping. Practically all young children have similar problems, as they grow older, many of them go by themselves, but some need special help.

How did this profession come about?

A speech therapist is a relatively new specialty, it appeared about 50-60 years ago, when people ceased to believe that problems with pronunciation are associated with physical handicaps. Western doctors were the first to determine the nature of manifestation of speech defects and from the middle XX century began to apply psychological methods for their elimination. Modern methods allow achieving very impressive results in a short time.

Profession of speech therapist-defectologist: features and social significance

It should be made clear to what type of professions this specialty belongs. It is believed that a speech therapist is a person who combines a talented teacher and an experienced doctor. He must accurately determine the cause of the speech defect and correctly compose effective exercises and techniques to eliminate problems. For this, a professional speech therapist should thoroughly know how the human physiology is arranged, in particular, the device of the speech system and the pathologies associated with it. In addition, a good specialist should have special skills, for example, the ability to do speech therapy massage to relax the muscles of the larynx and other organs of the pharynx.

It can be no exaggeration to say that a speech therapist -profession of the future. After all, it is he who teaches people to speak correctly, and speech is the most important component of the communications of all mankind: thanks to it we can communicate with others, share thoughts and transmit information.

Often a person who has speech violations, feels incomplete, he can have serious complexes that negatively affect his entire life. That is why the profession of "speech therapist" is indispensable, these specialists eliminate many defects in speech, teach to pronounce sounds correctly and thereby practically change the fate of a person. In addition, they also provide psychological help: they help to join the society, adapt a person to social life and contribute to its development in terms of self-improvement.

What qualities should a speech therapist have?

In fact, the speech therapist is a kind of teacher, who should show great patience and understanding to his students. The most important traits in character are love of children, patience, emotional restraint, calmness, curiosity, perseverance, steadfastness and endurance, because the results of the work done often make you wait a very long time. With some people, it takes more than 2-3 years to achieve visible improvements.

If it's easier to work with kids, they are fast learn, the situation with adults is different. Few can admit their shortcomings and go to a specialist. For this reason, a professional speech therapist should be able to find an individual approach to everyone, be able to tactfully find out the problem and, without affecting the feelings of the patient, provide primary counseling. Therefore, a specialist will not be prevented from knowing at least the basics of a person's psychology.

A speech therapist must be responsible, because het here is no right to make a mistake in the diagnosis. If he incorrectly identifies the problem and appoints an inefficient method of treatment, it can turn into a real tragedy for patients: speech defects tend to lose the ability to correct over time, so it is very important to correct the deficiencies in time. With the passage of time, it will be much more difficult to get rid of them, that's why the speech therapist has so much responsibility.

1.2 The source of the text: https://ilovevaquero.com/obrazovanie/86733-professiya-logoped-plyusy-i-minusy.html

1.3 Кто такие логопеды?

Это специалисты, которые исправляют дефекты речи, прибегая к различным коррекционным методикам. Они работают как с детьми, так и с взрослыми. Например, очень часто пожилые люди, перенесшие инсульт, теряют свои вербальные способности, в таких случаях одна профессия становится незаменимой - логопед! Именно он составляет индивидуальный план лечения, в соответствии с которым устраняются недостатки речи, такие как кривизна, заикание или шепелявость. Практически все маленькие дети имеют подобные проблемы, по мере взросления многие из них уходят сами, но некоторым нужна специальная помощь.

Как возникла эта профессия?

Логопед-это относительно новая специальность, она появилась около 50-60 лет назад, когда люди перестали верить, что проблемы с произношением связаны с физическими недостатками. Западные врачи первыми определили характер проявления речевых дефектов и с середины XX века стали применять психологические методы для их устранения. Современные методы позволяют достичь очень впечатляющих результатов в короткие сроки.

Профессия логопеда-дефектолога: особенности и социальная значимость

Следует четко указать, к какому типу профессий относится данная специальность. Считается, что логопед - это человек, который сочетает в себе талантливого педагога и опытного врача. Он должен точно определить причину речевого дефекта и правильно составить эффективные упражнения и приемы для устранения проблем. Для этого профессиональный логопед должен досконально знать, как устроена физиология человека, в частности, устройство речевой системы и связанные с ней патологии. Кроме того, хороший специалист должен обладать специальными навыками, например, умением делать логопедический массаж для расслабления мышц гортани и других органов глотки.

Не будет преувеличением сказать, что логопед-профессия будущего. Ведь именно он учит людей правильно говорить, а речь-это важнейшая составляющая коммуникации всего человечества: благодаря ей мы можем общаться с другими, делиться мыслями и передавать информацию.

Часто человек, у которого есть речевые нарушения, чувствует себя неполноценным, у него могут быть серьезные комплексы, которые негативно влияют на всю его жизнь. Именно поэтому профессия "логопед" незаменима, эти специалисты устраняют многие дефекты речи, учат правильно произносить звуки и тем самым практически меняют судьбу человека. Кроме того, они также оказывают психологическую помощь: помогают приобщиться к обществу, адаптировать человека к социальной жизни и способствуют его развитию в плане самосовершенствования.

Какими качествами должен обладать логопед?

По сути, логопед - это своего рода учитель, который должен проявлять большое терпение и понимание к своим ученикам. Наиболее важными чертами характера являются любовь к детям, терпение, эмоциональная сдержанность, спокойствие, любознательность, настойчивость, стойкость и выносливость, ведь результаты проделанной работы зачастую заставляют вас ждать очень долго. У некоторых людей для достижения видимых улучшений требуется более 2-3 лет.

Если с детьми работать проще, они быстро учатся, то с взрослыми ситуация иная. Мало кто может признать свои недостатки и обратиться к специалисту. По этой причине профессиональный логопед должен уметь найти индивидуальный подход к каждому, уметь тактично выяснить проблему и, не влияя на чувства пациента, оказать первичную консультацию. Поэтому специалисту не помешает знать хотя бы основы психологии человека.

Логопед должен нести ответственность, потому что он не имеет права ошибиться в диагнозе. Если он неверно идентифицирует проблему и назначает неэффективный метод лечения, то это может обернуться настоящей трагедией для пациентов: дефекты речи, как правило, теряют способность к коррекции с течением времени, поэтому очень важно вовремя исправить недостатки. С течением времени избавиться от них будет намного сложнее, именно поэтому на логопеда возлагается такая большая ответственность.

1.4 Who are speech therapists?

These are specialists who correct speech defects, resorting to various correctional techniques. They work with both children and adults. It is he who makes up an individual treatment plan, according to which the shortcomings of speech are eliminated, such as crookedness, stammering or lisping.

How did this profession come about?

Western doctors were the first to determine the nature of manifestation of speech defects and from the middle XX century began to apply psychological methods for their elimination. Modern methods allow achieving very impressive results in a short time.

Profession of speech therapist-defectologist: features and social significance

It should be made clear to what type of professionsthis specialty belongs. It is believed that a speech therapist is a person who combines a talented teacher and an experienced doctor. He must accurately determine the cause of the speech defect and correctly compose effective exercises and techniques to eliminate problems. For this, a professional speech therapist should thoroughly know how the human physiology is arranged, in particular, the device of the speech system and the pathologies associated with it. In addition, a good specialist should have special skills, for example, the ability to do speech therapy massage to relax the muscles of the larynx and other organs of the pharynx.

2. What can teachers do to encourage children to keep national traditions in multi-ethnical class?

Nowadays, one of the most important functions of educational institutions is to teach people to live together. It is in them that the child should get acquainted with tolerant attitudes. Tolerance education is relevant and in demand nowadays in multinational Russia, where people of different Nations live.

The parable is remembered. Once a camel and a horse met. The horse thinks: «What an ugly animal: terrible humps, strange neck and abnormal head». The camel thinks «and how does this poor animal manage without humps, when there is no water and food»?

This parable clearly shows how difficult it is for people to understand and accept each other.

Representatives of different nationalities study in my group. We differ from each other in many ways: we have different cultures, upbringing, values and religion. Therefore, the issue of interethnic relations is relevant for us.

There is no doubt that the education system has a huge potential for educational impact on children.

To respect each student, to see him as a person is a difficult work of the mind and heart of the teacher. Teaching peace and tolerance depends on having a collaborative atmosphere in the group. And this atmosphere is created by tolerant and peace-loving teachers, so tolerance is one of the main competencies of the teacher. If the teacher is tolerant, confident, open, friendly, acts in relation to the student in the role of mentor, assistant, he will have a positive impact on others.

The state of interethnic relations at the University is a mirror image of the situation in society, because often the phenomena of social tension, intolerance and aggression in society are projected in the educational environment.

3.

What did I learn in Module 4?

I studied tenses, rules on the correct use of modal verbs, new words. It was a very busy semester. I tried very hard to assimilate all the material.

What was easy for me?

English has always been difficult for me, but some things are easy for me. I do not find it difficult to learn new words and read texts. I believe that my vocabulary has grown significantly, and reading has become better.

What was difficult for me?

Rules and times in English for me were and remain an insurmountable mountain. I'm trying very hard to understand and remember them, but they are not saved in my groove to the extent in which I would like. This semester, we repeated all the things that took place in school, and some of the topics I accurately understood and remembered.

What did I like doing?

In English classes, I like to do exercises to consolidate the topics, especially if I understand it well. We performed a lot and did creative tasks; I tightened my reading on them.

What didn’t I like doing?

Determining the times is a very difficult task. I don't always see the markers or if you can see it is confusing. I believe that I've made progress with this topic, but it's not as good as I'd like.

What can I do now in

English?

At school I was very afraid to speak. I have good skills in reading, grammar and writing, but I could not speak at all. When I was asked to say something in English I began to panic and all knowledge immediately flew out of my head. After classes at the University, I can say with accuracy that this fear has passed, because we are really taught to speak and not be afraid of mistakes. I believe that in this aspect I have grown very much

What is still difficult for me?

Times in English for me have always been is and will be a dark forest. I how many would not tried not can there be remembered, and some understand. In comparison with the Russian language the design of the times very different and it is difficult for me. I devote a lot of time to this, but there is no great progress.

What do I need to do to be

more effective in English

learning?

I believe that to learn English better you need to have a goal. And this goal should be to learn English. To study, you need to spend a lot of time on the language. Engage often and long, not skipping nor one classes.


4. The glossary.

Лексическая единица на английском языке

Часть речи

Транскрипция

Перевод слова на русский язык

Corners

Noun




Углы

Imagine

Verb




Воображать

Arranger

Noun




Аранжировщик

Expect

Verb




Ожидать

Foreign

Adjective




Иностранный

Arrive

Verb




Прибывать

Band

Noun




Группа

Increase

Noun




Увеличение

Several

Adverb




Несколько

Advice

Noun




Совет

Etiquette

Noun




Этикет

Joke

Noun




Шутка

Especially

Adverb




Особенно

Seem

Verb




Казаться

To assume

Verb




Брать на себя

Widespread

Adjective

[ˌwaɪdˈspred]

Широко распространенный

Corresponding

Adjective




Соответствующий

Customs

Noun




Таможня

Behave

Verb




Вести себя

Feel

Verb




Почувствуйте

Matters

Noun




Вопросы

During

Adverb




В течение

Prefer

Verb




Предпочитать

Rarely

Adverb




Редко

Afterwards

Adverb

 [ˈɑːftəwədz]

Впоследствии

Watered

Adjective




Обводненный

Seers

Noun




Провидцы

Jacked

Adjective




Поднятый домкратом

Rolling

Adjective




Катающийся

Get down

Verb




Спускаться

Regard

Noun




Уважение

Executives

Noun




Руководящий состав

Importance

Noun




Важность

Soles

Noun




Подошвы

Height

Noun




Высота

Insult

Noun




Оскорбление

Exceeded

Adverb




Превышено

Blowing

Verb




Дующий

Perhaps

Adverb




Возможно

Strictest

Adjective




Жесточайший

Behavior

Noun

 [bɪˈheɪ.vjər]

Поведение

Seniority

Noun




Старшинство

Rulebook

Noun




Книга правил

Exchange

Noun




Обмен

Immediately

Adverb

 [ɪˈmiːdiətli]

Немедленно

Essential

Adjective




Существенный

Establish

Verb




Установить

Thereafter

Adverb




Впоследствии

Accent

Noun




Акцент

Shake

Verb




Трясти

Rocketed

Verb




Взмывавший

Shaker hands

Verb




Пожать руку

Offensive

Adjective




Агрессивный

Greeting

Noun




Приветствие

Hosts

Noun




Принимать гостей

Conversation

Noun

 [ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃn]

Разговор

Land

Noun




Земля

Ones

Pronoun




Те

Dished

Adjective




Выпуклый

Replace

Verb




Заменять

Boomer

Noun




Бумер

Poppadum

Noun




Папад

Instead

Adverb




Вместо

Shepheard

Verb




Пасти

Pie

Noun




Пирог

Perhaps

Adverb




Возможно

Disgusting

Adjective




Отвратительный

Boiled

Adjective




Вареный

Resounding

Verb

 [rɪˈzaʊn.dɪŋ]

Резонирующий

Imation

Noun




Анимация

Trade

Noun




Торговля

Absorbed

Adjective




Поглощенный

Successfully

Adverb




Успешно

Incorporated

Adjective

 [ɪnˈkɔː.pər.eɪ.tɪd]

Включенный

Down

Noun




Вниз

Cheap

Adjective




Дешевый

Consisted

Adjective




Состоявший

Searched

Adjective




Разыскиваемый

Surely

Adverb




Конечно

Landscape

Noun




Пейзаж

Almost

Adverb




Почти

Bizarre

Adjective




Странный

Increasingly

Adjective




Усиливающийся

Mushroom

Noun




Гриб

Perhaps

Adverb




Возможно

Particularity

Noun




Особенность

Occasions

Noun




Случаи жизни

Homecoming

Noun

[ˈhəʊmˌkʌm.ɪŋ]

Возвращение

Ordinary

Adjective




Обычный

Sending

Noun




Отправка

Steaming

Adjective




Струящийся

Gravitate

Verb




Тяготеть

Noisiest

Adjective




Шумнейший

Rectangular

Adjective

 [rekˈtæŋ.ɡjʊ.lər]

Прямоугольный

Wooden

Adjective




Деревянный

Pulley

Noun




Шкив

Notice-broad

Noun




Доска объявлений

Postcard

Noun




Открытка

Invitation

Noun




Приглашение

Seldom

Adverb




Редко

Straight

Adjective




Прямой

Whatever

Pretext




Что угодно

Immediately

Adverb




Немедленно

Round

Adjective




Круглый

Daydream

Noun




Грезы

Trip

Noun




Поездка

Unknown

Adjective




Неизвестный

Shepherd

Verb




Пасти

Lying

Adjective




Лежащий

Baking

Noun




Выпечка

Felt

Verb




Почувствовал

Rest

Noun




Отдых

Could

Verb




Мог

Wished

Adjective




Пожелавший

Noticed

Adjective




Замеченный

Curried

Adjective




Подлизавшийся

Rod

Noun




Стержень

Thick

Adjective




Толстый

Thumb

Noun




Большой палец

Mere

Adjective




Простой

Thrusting

Noun




Подталкивание

Wilderness

Noun




Пустыня

Remained

Adjective




Оставшийся

Magnificent

Adjective




Великолепный

Matter

Noun




Иметь значение

Threatened

Adverb




Под угрозой

Imperturbably

Adverb




Невозмутимо

Continued

Adjective




Продолженный

Oak

Noun




Дуб

Silence

Noun




Тишина

Measured

Adjective




Измеренный

Width

Noun




Ширина

Put down

Verb




Положить

Inhabitants

Noun

[ɪnˈhæb.ɪ.tənt]

Жители

Netters

Noun




Баркасами

Grow

Verb




Расти

Tuition

Noun




Обучение

Vicar

Noun




Наместник

Swerved

Verb




Свернул

Panicked

Adjective




Панический

Towards

Adverb




Навстречу

Explants

Verb




Объясняет

Statement

Noun




Заявление

Backed

Adjective




Поддерживаемый

Riding

Noun




Верховая езда

Cigarette

Noun




Сигарета

Managed

Adjective




Управляемый

Aroid

Adjective




Ароидных

Violations

Noun

[ˌvaɪəˈleɪ.ʃən] 

Нарушения

Therapist

Noun




Терапевт


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