Учебнометодическое пособие Петрозаводск 2010 ббк 81. 2Англ удк 811. 11 Г 613 Рецензенты
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Brad: Sure. To start with, I am a freelance writer which means that I can plan my day as I like it. I get up quite early – at 6 in the morning. I start my day with a cup of green tea which helps me to wake up and which boosts me with energy for the whole day. I meditate for about half an hour in the open air if the weather is good and read some motivational literature on achieving success in life while my family is still asleep. Then, at around 7 a.m., I have a light breakfast prepared by my caring wife – a marmalade toast, cereal, a cup of tea. After breakfast, I go to the local gym. Interviewer: Are you writing anything now? Brad: Yes, I’m working on a new novel called “The Pleasure of Being a Polyglot.” I have been writing it for three months now and I am planning to bring it to the end by May. Interviewer: What do you usually do in the afternoon? Brad: First I have lunch, then I go to my private library again and type until my imagination is exhausted. Interviewer: Which scene are you describing today? Brad: I’m writing a scene about two desperate lovers. One of them is from Japan and the other is from the USA. At this point they don’t understand each other’s language and communicate using only non-verbal means. Interviewer: That’s very interesting indeed. What do you do in the evening? Brad: In the evening, I take my Labrador for a walk, come back home, help my wife to do the household chores like vacuum cleaning, dusting the furniture, washing the floors or the clothes, if she asks me to do it, have dinner and spend quality time with my family. Interviewer: Do you go out at night? Brad: Not always, I like going out at weekends. 2) Choose the correct answer to the questions: a) Why does the interviewer thank Brad? (for visiting him; for taking time off; for telephoning) b) What is Brad? (a polyglot; an editor of a magazine; a freelance writer) c) What is Brad writing now? (“The Pleasure of Being a Polyglot;” “The Adventures of Polyglots;” “Reflections of a Polyglot”) d) What does he do in the afternoon? (he goes to the local library; he goes to the gym; he goes to the private library) e) When does he like going out? (at night; on Sundays; at weekends) 2.13 WHAT’S IN YOUR OFFICE? 1) Answer the questions: a) What is your profession? Do you work? Do you enjoy your work? b) Where do you work? Have you got an office? What is your office like? c) What furniture is there in your office? 2) Read the dialog and say if you would like to have an office similar to Maria’s. David: I’ve got a new office now… Maria: That’s great! Congratulations. David: I’ll need a desk and some cabinets. How many cabinets are there in your office? Maria: I think there are four cabinets in my office. David: And do you have any furniture in your office? I mean other than the chair at your desk. Maria: Oh yes, I’ve got a sofa and two comfortable armchairs. David: Are there any tables in your office? Maria: Yes, I’ve got a table in front of the sofa. David: Is there a computer in your office? Maria: Oh yes, I keep a laptop on my desk next to the phone. David: Are there any flowers or plants in your office? Maria: Yes, there are a few plants near the window. David: Where’s your sofa? Maria: The sofa is in front of the window, between the two armchairs. David: Thanks a lot for your help, Janet. This gives me a good idea of how to arrange my office. Maria: My pleasure. Good luck with your decorating! 3) Draw a plan of Maria’s office. 4) Choose the best answer (true, false or doesn’t say) to the questions: a) David has just received a new job. b) David is sure he will need some cabinets in his new office. c) Maria thinks it is a good idea to have comfortable furniture in an office. d) David is surprised that Maria keeps coffee on her table. e) Maria keeps a computer next to her telephone. 2.14 A TYPICAL MANAGER’S DESK AND A TYPICAL SECRETARY’S DESK 1) Answer the questions: a) Do you work much at the desk? b) What is there on your desk? Managers often have desks that are surprisingly empty! These empty desks can show that the manager often travels and is out of the office most of the time. An empty desk can also demonstrate how powerful the manager is by its representative status. Sometimes, in the United States of America, you can see footmarks on the desk because some managers like to put their feet up on the desk when they are talking on the telephone! In the USA, managers put their feet up on the desk to show that they are in control in their office. Managers usually have a laptop computer on their desk. In fact, this laptop computer is their true desk. These days, most managers do almost all their work on their laptops. Another thing you might find is a cell phone – another sign of the mobility most managers demand. Secretaries usually have an older computer and a telephone on their desk. They usually have an older computer because the managers are often the first to receive the latest technological equipment. Secretaries’ desks are often tidy because they are usually tidier than their bosses. You will also find an agenda of some sort on secretaries’ desks because secretaries need to make appointments for their bosses. Secretaries’ desks often have pictures of their children and family that they look at from time to time during the day. In the past, secretaries were usually women. Today, however, more and more men are becoming secretaries as more and more women become managers and the workplace becomes more equal. 2) Choose the best answer to the questions: a) Managers often have (laptop; beautiful; fax) computers. b) Some managers in the USA like to … (talk a lot; put their feet up on their desk; work from home). c) Many managers have (portable; cell; walkable) phones. d) Most managers need to … (stay in the office; travel a lot; type their own letters). e) A clean, empty desk represents … (laziness; power; indecision). 3) Say if the statements are true or false: a) Secretaries are usually tidier than their bosses. b) Secretaries often have pictures of their families on their desks. c) Secretaries usually have a new computer. d) Secretaries make appointments for their bosses. e) Secretaries are always women. 2.15 MY OFFICE 1) Answer the questions: a) What equipment do you need at work? b) Do you keep family photos at work? c) Do you stay late at work? Like most offices, my office is a place where I can concentrate on my work and feel comfortable at the same time. Of course, I have all the necessary equipment on my desk. I have a telephone next to the fax machine on the right side of my desk. My computer is in the center of my desk with the monitor directly in front of me. I have a comfortable office chair to sit on and some pictures of my family between the computer and the telephone. In order to help me read, I also have a lamp near my computer which I use in the evening if I work late. There is plenty of paper in one of the cabinet drawers. There are also staples and a stapler, paper clips, highlighters, pens, pencils, a pencil sharpener, a ruler, scissors, a glue stick, adhesive paper, a hole punch, and erasers in the other drawer. In the room, there is a comfortable armchair and a sofa to sit on. I also have a low table in front of the sofa on which there are some industry magazines. 2) Choose the best answer to the questions: a) What does this person do in his office? (relaxes; concentrates; studies; reads magazines) b) Which piece of equipment does he not have on his desk? (a fax; a computer; a lamp; a photocopier) c) Where are the pictures of his family located? (on the wall; next to the lamp; between the computer and the telephone; near the fax) d) He uses the lamp to read (all day; never; in the morning; in the evening) e) What does he keep on the table in front of the sofa? (company reports; fashion magazines; books; industry magazines) f) What is the author of the text? (a manager; a secretary; a student) 2.16 TWO WORKERS IN AN OFFICE 1) Answer these personal questions: a) Do you have a schedule at work? Do you follow it? b) Are you punctual? Are you absent-minded? Are you forgetful? c) Do you often have snacks at work? James: Hi, Alice. How are you today? Alice: Hi, James. I’m fine, and you? James: Great, thank you. Remember, the meeting is at 3 o’clock. Alice: Excuse me, which meeting? James: Which meeting?! The meeting with the boss! Alice: Are you sure there is a meeting today? James: Alice, Alice, every month there is a meeting with the boss. This month the meeting is this afternoon. Alice: Calm down. OK, there’s a meeting this afternoon. What time is it? James: Alice, this is important. The meeting is at three o’clock sharp! Alice: Thank you, James... By the way, what time is it now? James: It’s a quarter past eleven. Alice: It’s time for lunch! James: Lunch, now? Lunch time is at twelve. Alice: Well, I’m hungry now. James: You’re funny, Alice. This is an office. Alice: I’m hungry ... It’s just a snack ... 2) Answer the questions on the text: a) How is Alice doing? b) What important event is at 3 p.m.? c) When is lunch time at Alice and James’ work? 2.17 The Rocks 1) Read the text and translate it into Russian. A time management specialist was asked to give a presentation on her specialty. She decided to do a demonstration. First she asked her assistants to bring a big bucket and put it on the table in front of the audience. Then she asked for large grapefruit-sized rocks and filled the bucket with them. “Is the bucket full?” she asked. “Yes,” said the crowd, but she asked for more to put in anyway. This time her assistants brought in pebbles. She poured the pebbles into the bucket and it held a surprising number of them in the space between the big rocks. “Now is the bucket full?” she asked. “Yes! No! No!” said various persons in the audience. Some people were uncertain; some were getting suspicious. The time management specialist asked for more. This time the assistants brought her sand. She poured sand into the bucket and filled the spaces between the pebbles. “Now, is the bucket full?” she asked. “No,” she answered. By now everyone was suspicious. So she asked for water and poured in quite a lot. Now no one could think of anything else that could fit in that bucket. “What does this process demonstrate?” asked the time management specialist. One member of the audience spoke up, “No matter how busy you are, you can always fit in more.” “I can see how you might think that that was my point, but it is not,” said the specialist. “I was trying to show you that if you don’t put the big rocks in first, you’ll never get them in at all.” 2) Answer the following questions: a) What specialist was asked to give a presentation? b) What method did she choose? c) If she asked you the last question what would be your answer? d) What example from life could you give to prove her point of view? e) What did the specialist mean by big rocks? 2.18 THE Secrets of Straight-A Students They aren’t always more intelligent, but they do work smarter. Here’s how. 1) Are you a straight-A student? Do you know any straight-A students? Have you ever asked him/her how he/she manages to make straight-As in all subjects? Do you use any of his/her ways in your studies? 2) Read the text and copy out all the secrets of straight-A students. Make a comment whether you agree or disagree with them. Everyone knows about straight-A students. We see them frequently on TV and in movies. They get high grades, all right, but only by becoming dull grinds, who work very hard and their noses are always stuck in a book. They can’t do anything at sports, are boring when it comes to the opposite sex and wear clothes that are not fashionable. How, then, do we explain for Domenica Roman and Paul Melendres? Domenica Roman is on the tennis team. She also sings in the choral ensemble, serves on the student council and is a member of the mathematics society. For two years she has had a 4.0 grade-point-average (GPA), meaning A’s in every subject. Paul Melendres, now a freshman at the University of New Mexico, was student president at school, he played soccer and basketball, exhibited at the science fair, was chosen for the National Honor Society and National Association of Student Councils and did student commentaries on a local television station. He got a GPA of 4.4 – straight-A’s in his regular classes. How do super-achievers like Domenica Roman and Paul Melendres do it? Brains aren’t the only answer. “Top grades don’t always go to the brightest students,” declares Herbert Walberg, professor of education at the University of Illinois at Chicago, who has conducted major studies of super-achieving students. Hard work isn’t the whole story either. “It’s not how long you sit there with the books open,” said one of the many A students we interviewed. “It’s what you do while you are sitting.” The kids at the top of the class get there by mastering a few basic techniques. Here, according to education experts and students themselves are the secrets of straight-A students. Set priorities. Top students let no intrusions on study time. Once the books are open or the computer is booted up, phone calls go unanswered, TV shows unwatched, snacks ignored. Study is business; business comes before recreation. Study anywhere – or everywhere. Study times and places are strictly a matter of personal preference. Some work late at night when the house is quiet. Others awoke early. Still others study as soon as they come home from school when the work is fresh in their mind. All agreed, however, on the need for consistency. “Whatever I am doing, I leave some time every day for studying,” says a student from New Jersey. One student posted a vocabulary list in the bathroom, thus learning a new word every day while brushing his teeth. Get organized. In high school McCray ran track, played rugby and was in the band and orchestra. “I was so busy, I couldn’t waste time looking for a pencil or missing paper. I kept everything right where I could put my hands on it,” he says. Paul Melendres has two folders – one for the day’s assignments, another for papers completed and graded. Traci Tsuchiguchi, from California, has another system. She immediately files the day’s papers in color-coded folders by subject so they’ll be available for review at exam time. Learn how to read. “The best class I ever took,” says Christopher Campbell, “was speed-reading. I not only increased my words per minute but also learned to look at a book’s table of contents, graphs, and pictures first. Then, when I began to read, I had a sense of the material, and I retained a lot more.” In his book “Getting Straight A’s” Gordon W. Green, Jr., says the secret of good reading is to be “an active reader – one who continually asks questions that lead to a full understanding of the author’s message.” Schedule your time. When a teacher assigns a long paper, Domenica Roman draws up a time-table, dividing her project into small pieces so it isn’t so difficult. Paul Melendres researches and outlines a report first, then tries to complete the writing in one long push over a weekend. “I like to get it down on paper early, so I have time to polish and review.” Take good notes and use them. “Reading the textbooks is important,” says Paul Melendres, “but the teacher is going to test you on what he or she emphasized. That’s what you find in your notes,” The top students also take notes while reading the text assignment. David Cieri uses his “homemade” system in which he draws a line down the center of a notebook, writes notes from the text on one side and those from the teacher’s lecture on the other. Then he is able to review both aspects of the assignment at once. Just before the bell rings, most students close their books, put away papers, whisper to friends and get ready to rush out. Christi Anderson, an athlete, student-council member and top student, uses those few minutes to write a two or three sentence summery of the lesson’s principal points, which she scans before the next day’s class. Clean up your act. Neat papers are likely to get higher grades than sloppy ones. The student who turns in a neat,” says Professor Olney, “is already on the way to an A It’s like being served a cheese-burger. No matter how good it really is, you can’t believe it tastes good if it’s presented on a messy plate.” |